鹼-骨材反應引致裂縫之量測與分析

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姓名

王尹廷(Yin-Ting Wang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

鹼-骨材反應引致裂縫之量測與分析
(The measurement and analysis of crack induced by AAR)

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摘要(中)

摘要
目前各國對於鹼-骨材反應的判斷規範，多以量測試體外部的膨脹量作為骨材是否具有反應潛能的依據，如砂漿棒（ASTM C227）或混凝土角柱（ASTM C1293），最後獲得的僅為試體的長度變化；對於反應造成的裂縫行為及發展過程並無有效的記錄。本文採用台東宜灣安山岩及花蓮和平溪骨材製作混凝土試體，在不同齡期以平台式掃描器來擷取混凝土板表面影像以記錄裂縫生長的過程，並配合影像軟體分析，建立膨脹量與裂縫的關係。
經觀測後發現裂縫呈現不規則地圖狀，與發生鹼-骨材反應的現地混凝土結構物表面類似。裂縫大多先由砂漿開始並沿著骨材周圍生長，部分裂縫甚至貫穿骨材。而在膨脹量的量測上，使用影像分析與多點式應變規得到的數據雖然有些微的差異，不過趨勢大致相同，顯示經由記錄影像的方式來量測膨脹量是可行的。並由裂縫分析結果發現，膨脹量與裂縫面積可以迴歸出良好的線性關係。

摘要(英)

ABSTRACT
Generally, standard test methods for potential alkali activity is to measure the expansion of specimens, mortar bars(ASTM C227) or concrete prisms(ASTM C1293), for instance. It just shows the change in total length of the specimen, but the behavior and development of cracks can not be investigated. In this article, the relationship between expansion and crack of the specimens is established with image measurement. So scanner is used to record the surface image of concrete plates which are made of andesite and aggregate from Heping river. The image is analyzed with software, Simple PCITM, to give the quantitative description of the cracks and expansion.
The results indicate that the surface crack is map-like, similar to those observed from in-situ concrete structures and development of cracks almost start from mortar part and then extended to aggregate part in concrete specimens, even cut over the aggregate. From the analysis of image, the crack area contributes the most in the total expansion after the first crack. The expansion threshold for cracking to exist on concrete specimen is 0.15%.

關鍵字(中)

★ 膨脹量
★ 影像分析
★ 裂縫

關鍵字(英)

★ Image Measurement
★ Crack
★ Expansion

論文目次

目錄 Ⅰ
圖目錄 Ⅵ
表目錄 ⅩⅡ
照片目錄 ⅩⅣ
第一章緒論 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 研究目的 1
第二章文獻回顧 3
2-1 前言 3
2-2 混凝土劣化的原因 4
2-3 鹼-骨材反應 5
2-4 鹼-骨材反應的分類 5
2-4-1 鹼-氧化矽反應（Alkali-Silica Reaction） 5
2-4-2 鹼-碳酸鹽反應（Alkali-Carbonate Reaction） 6
2-4-3 鹼-矽酸鹽反應（Alkali-Silicate Reaction） 7
2-5 鹼-骨材反應的特徵 7
2-5-1 外觀方面 7
2-5-2 內部方面 8
2-6 裂縫觀察與量測 12
2-6-1 人工描繪 12
2-6-2 顯微鏡 13
2-6-3 紫外線螢光樹酯輔以UV光法 13
2-6-4 Underwood合金輔以影像分析 15
2-6-5 超音波檢測法 17
2-7 混凝土膨脹量推估 18
2-8 悲極效應簡介 22
2-9 產生悲極效應的因子 23
2-9-1 反應性骨材含量 23
2-9-2 骨材粒徑 24
2-9-3 鹼量 25
2-10 鹼-骨材反應之改善與維修方法 27
2-10-1 鹼-骨材反應之改善 27
2-10-2 鹼-骨材反應之維修方法 28
第三章實驗計畫與方法 30
3-1 實驗規劃 30
3-2 實驗材料 30
3-2-1 水泥 30
3-2-2 骨材 32
3-2-3 氫氧化鈉 35
3-3 實驗儀器與設備 35
3-4 實驗方法與步驟 43
3-4-1 實驗方法 43
3-4-2 混凝土角柱膨脹試驗法（ASTM C1293） 44
3-4-3 實驗步驟 49
第四章實驗結果與分析 50
4-1 鹼-骨材反應資料庫補充調查 51
4-2 混凝土板與角柱膨脹量之差異 58
4-3 不同鹼含量對膨脹量的影響 60
第五章影像量測分析結果 67
5-1 影像量測之介紹 67
5-1-1 膨脹量之量測 68
5-1-2 裂縫長度之量測 70
5-1-3 裂縫寬度之量測 73
5-1-4 平均裂縫寬度 75
5-2 影像掃描法與多點式應變規量測膨脹量之比較 76
5-2-1 影像擷取穩定性對量測精度的影響 76
5-2-2 影像掃描法與多點式應變規量測結果比較 79
5-3 裂縫面積與膨脹量 84
5-4 裂縫面積與膨脹量的關係之應用 92
5-4-1 裂縫面積與膨脹量的關係 92
5-4-2 膨脹量門檻值之建議 93
5-5 裂縫長度與寬度對裂縫面積的影響 99
5-5-1 裂縫長度與寬度對裂縫面積的影響與時間的關係 99 5-5-2 裂縫長度與寬度對裂縫面積的影響與膨脹量的關係 100
5-5-3 裂縫長度與寬度對裂縫面積的關係 100
5-6 鹼-骨材反應特徵觀察 107
第六章結論與建議 127
6-1 結論 127
6-2 建議 129
參考文獻 130

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指導教授

田永銘(Yong-Ming Tien)

審核日期

2004-7-16

推文