基於藉語音再取樣萃取共振峰變化之聲調調整技術

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：13

、訪客IP：18.118.9.146

姓名

蘇培智(Pei-Chih Su) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

通訊工程學系

論文名稱

基於藉語音再取樣萃取共振峰變化之聲調調整技術
(Pitch-Scale Modification Based on Formant Extraction from Resampled Speech)

相關論文

★ 基於區域權重之衛星影像超解析技術	★ 延伸曝光曲線線性特性之調適性高動態範圍影像融合演算法
★ 實現於RISC架構之H.264視訊編碼複雜度控制	★ 基於卷積遞迴神經網路之構音異常評估技術
★ 具有元學習分類權重轉移網路生成遮罩於少樣本圖像分割技術	★ 具有注意力機制之隱式表示於影像重建三維人體模型
★ 使用對抗式圖形神經網路之物件偵測張榮	★ 基於弱監督式學習可變形模型之三維人臉重建
★ 以非監督式表徵分離學習之邊緣運算裝置低延遲樂曲中人聲轉換架構	★ 基於序列至序列模型之 FMCW雷達估計人體姿勢
★ 基於多層次注意力機制之單目相機語意場景補全技術	★ 基於時序卷積網路之單FMCW雷達應用於非接觸式即時生命特徵監控
★ 視訊隨選網路上的視訊訊務描述與管理	★ 基於線性預測編碼及音框基頻週期同步之高品質語音變換技術
★ 即時細緻可調性視訊在無線區域網路下之傳輸效率最佳化研究	★ 線上視訊於IP網路可變延遲環境下之訊務平順化研究

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

語音聲調調整（pitch-scale modification）可以改變語音的音色以及聲調高低，讓原本平凡單調的聲音變得豐富有趣，也可以做為保密隱私之應用，或是結合其他語音分析/合成（analysis-synthesis）技術，讓語音處理的應用變得更多元化。
使用線性預測編碼（Linear Prediction Coding，LPC）的分析/合成方式，能夠獲得語音重要的基本組成，包括LPC係數及殘餘訊號；前者與語音訊號的頻譜包絡線（spectral envelope）有關，一般也稱之為共振峰（formant），而後者主要為語音頻譜上的基頻諧波（pitch harmonic）成分。藉由調整這些特徵，可以有效地改變合成語音的特性。然而一般由LPC極點調整共振峰的方式，容易破壞原本的共振峰結構，進而造成語音品質下降。因此本論文提出利用兩組不同比例之再取樣，分別萃取語音訊號的共振峰變化以及基頻週期改變後的殘餘訊號，經LPC合成濾波器得到調整過的語音，最後結合基頻週期同步（pitch synchronization）及音框邊界補償機制，確保合成語音的品質。經由模擬實驗的結果證實，藉由不同之再取樣比例能夠有效地控制語音的音色及聲調高低變化，而合成語音的品質亦令人滿意。

摘要(英)

Pitch-scale modification that can change the tone and the prosody of speech is useful in privacy protection and entertainment. One of the approaches for pitch-scale modification is the analysis-synthesis method. It has the freedom for synthesizing arbitrary voice once the speech parameters such as LPC coefficients and residual signal are obtained.
In this paper we propose a pitch-scale modification method based on formant extraction from resampled speech. The formant, which is the spectrum envelope of speech signal, can be extracted by LPC analysis, and this procedure, so-called de-formant, eliminates the short-term correlation incurred by vocal tract filter. The frequency response of LPC synthesis filter determines the timbre of synthesized speech. The residual signal mainly consists of long-term components, the pitch harmonic, which determines the tone of speech and can be easily modified by using the resampling technique. A dual-resampling mechanism is used to obtain the modified formant and modified pitch harmonic, respectively. The pitch-scale modification mentioned above is only performed in voiced frames because they have high energy and are relatively stable. And the cross-correlation coefficients are calculated to locate the synchronization point, i.e., the pitch mark. Experimental results show that the speech can be successfully modified to different timbre and tone with high quality.

關鍵字(中)

★ 共振峰
★ 再取樣
★ 語音分析/合成
★ 聲調調整
★ 基頻諧波
★ 基頻週期同步
★ 線性預測編碼

關鍵字(英)

★ dual-resampling
★ pitch harmonic
★ Pitch-scale modification
★ analysis-synthesis
★ formant extraction

論文目次

中文摘要 …………………………………………………… I
Abstract …………………………………………………… II
目錄 ………………………………………………………… III
附圖索引 …………………………………………………… VI
附表索引 …………………………………………………… IX
第一章緒論 ……………………………………………… 1
1.1 研究動機 ……………………………………………… 1
1.2 論文架構 ……………………………………………… 2
第二章語音變換技術的發展 …………………………… 5
2.1 語音變換的發展與應用 ……………………………… 5
2.2 語音變換技術的基本概念 …………………………… 6
2.3 本音調調整技術的系統架構 ………………………… 8
第三章語音變換技術的簡介 …………………………… 15
3.1 語音的特性 …………………………………………… 15
3.2 語音變換技術 ………………………………………… 18
3.2.1 語音速度調整技術 ………………………………… 18
3.2.2 語音聲調調整技術 ………………………………… 20
3.3 線性預測編碼 ………………………………………… 27
3.4 基頻週期分析 ………………………………………… 31
3.4.1 平均振幅差分函數 ………………………………… 32
3.4.2 循環式平均振幅差分函數 ………………………… 34
3.5 語音品質評估方法 …………………………………… 35
第四章基於再取樣法之語音聲調調整技術 …………… 37
4.1 基頻調整 ……………………………………………… 38
4.2 共振峰調整 …………………………………………… 41
4.2.1 利用不同比例之再取樣萃取共振峰結構 ………… 45
4.3 本論文之聲調調整系統 ……………………………… 43
4.3.1 基頻週期的估計 …………………………………… 47
4.3.2 有聲/無聲的決策 ………………………………… 48
4.3.3 有聲/無聲過渡區 ………………………………… 51
4.3.4 線性預測編碼分析 ………………………………… 53
4.3.5 基頻週期標記的收尋 ……………………………… 54
4.3.6 截取分析音框長度 ………………………………… 58
4.3.7 搜尋基頻週期同步位置 …………………………… 60
4.3.8 音框邊界補償 ……………………………………… 64
4.4 語音聲調調整 ………………………………………… 69
4.4.1 語音聲調調高 ……………………………………… 69
4.4.2 語音聲調調低 ……………………………………… 72
第五章模擬實驗與品質評估 …………………………… 74
5.1 模擬環境及語音資料 ………………………………… 74
5.2 不同比例之共振峰調整結果 ………………………… 74
5.3 語音變換的品質評估 ………………………………… 80
5.4.1 語音聲調調高的品質評估 ………………………… 81
5.4.2 語音聲調調低的品質評估 ………………………… 82
5.3 語音品質分析與討論 ………………………………… 84
第六章結論 ……………………………………………… 86
參考文獻 …………………………………………………… 87

參考文獻

[1] J. Makhoul, "Linear Prediction: a tutorial review," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 63, pp. 561-580, 1975.
[2] G. Fant, Acoustic Theory of Speech Production, Morton, S-Gravenhage, 1960.
[3] Dongbing Wei and C. C. Goodyear, "Experiments in Female Voice Speech Synthesis Using A Parametric Articulatory Model," ICASSP, vol. 3, pp. 1631 –1634, April 1997.
[4] L. R. Rabiner and R. W. Schafer, Digital Prediction of Speech Signals, Prentice Hall, 1978.
[5] F. F. Lee, "Time Compression and Expansion of Speech by the Sampling method, " J. Audio Eng. Soc. 20: 738-742, 1972.
[6] R. J. Scott and S. E. Gerber, "Pitch Synchronous Time Compression of Speech, " in Proc. Conf. Speech Commun. Process., Newton, Mass., 63-65, 1972.
[7] F. Charpentier and M. Stella, "Diphone synthesis using an overlap-add technique for speech waveform concatenation," Proc. ICASSP Tokyo, pp. 2015-2018, 1986.
[8] H. Valbret, E. Moulines, and J.P. Tubach, "Voice transformation using PSOLA technique," ICASSP, vol. 1, pp. 145 –148, 1992.
[9] 王鴻彬, 國語聲訊處理, 碩士論文, 國立交通大學, 1995
[10] G. J. Lin, S. G. Chen, and T. Wu, "High Quality and Low Complexity Pitch Modification of Acoustic Signals," ICASSP, vol. 5, pp. 2987-2990, 1995.
[11] B. Gold and N. Morgan, Speech and Audio Signal Processing, Wiley, 2000
[12] F. Thomas and J. Robert, "Shape Invariant Time-Scale and Pitch Modification of Speech," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 40, No. 3, March 1992.
[13] J. L. Flanagan and R. M. Golden, "Phase Vocoder, " Bell Syst. Tech. J. 45: 1493-1509, 1966.
[14] M. R. Portnoff, "Time-Scale Modification of Speech Based on Short-Time Fourier Analysis, " IEEE Trans. ASSP, pp. 374-390, 1986.
[15] A. S. Spanias, "Speech Coding: A Tutorial Review," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 82, no. 10, pp. 1541-82, October 1994.
[16] A. M. Kondoz, Digital Speech Coding for Low Bit Rate Communications Systems, Wiley, 1994.
[17] H. Kobayashi and T. Shimamura, "A Weighted Autocorrelation Method for Pitch Extraction of Noisy Speech," Proc. ICASSP, vol.3, pp. 1307 –1310, June 2000.
[18] M. J. Ross et al, "Average Magnitude Difference Function Pitch Extractor," IEEE Trans. ASSP, vol.22, pp. 353-362, 1974.
[19] W. Hess, Pitch Determination of Speech Signals, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1983.
[20] L. Gu and R. Liu, "High-Performance Mandarin Pitch Estimation," Journal of Electronics, vol.27, pp. 8-11, 1999.
[21] D. G. Childers, Speech processing and Synthesis toolboxes, Wiley, New York, 2000.
[22] W. Zhang, G. Xu, and Y. Wang, "Pitch Estimation Based on Circular AMDF," ICASSP, pp. I-341-344, 2002.
[23] F. M. Gimenez de los Galanes, M. Savoji, and J. M. Pardo, "Speech synthesis system based on a variable decimation/interpolation factor," ICASSP, pp. 636-639, 1995.
[24] R. Vergin, D. O’Shaughnessy, and A. Farhat, "Time Domain Technique for Pitch Modification and Robust Voice Transformation," Proc. ICASSP, pp. 947-950, April 1997.
[25] R. Muralishankar, A. G. Ramakrishnan, and P. Prathibha, "Modification of pitch using DCT in the source domain," Speech Communication, vol. 42, pp.143-154, 2004.
[26] Ahmed, N., Rao, K.R., Orthogonal Transforms for Digital Signal Processing, Springer, New York, 1975.
[27] H. Fujisaki and T. Kawashima, "The Roles of Pitch and Higher Formants in the Perception of Vowels," IEEE Trans. on Audio and Electroacoustics, vol. AU-16, No. 1, pp. 73-77, March 1968.
[28] A. Acero, "Formant Analysis and Synthesis using Hidden Markov Models," Proc. of the Eurospeech Conference, Budapest, 1999.
[29] C. H. Ho, D. Rentzos, and S. Vaseghi, "Formant Model estimation and transformation for Voice Morphing," Proc. ICSLP, pp. 2149-5151, 2002.
[30] E. Turajlic, D. Rentzos, S. Vaseghi, and C. H. Ho, "Evaluation of methods for parametric formant transformation in voice conversion," ICASSP, pp. I-724-727, 2003.
[31] J. Slifka and T. R. Anderson, "Speaker Modification with LPC Pole Analysis," ICASSP, vol. 1, pp. 644 –647, May 1995.
[32] 楊東敏, 基於線性預測編碼及音框週期同步之高品質語音變換技術, 碩士論文, 國立中央大學, 2003
[33] H. Wakita, "Normalization of Vowels by Vocal-Tract Length and Its Application to Vowel Identification," IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 25, pp. 183 –192, April 1977.
[34] R. Ansari, D. Kahn, and M. Macchi, "Pitch Modification of Speech Using a Low-Sensitivity Inverse Filter Approach," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, pp. 60-62, vol. 5, no. 3, March 1998.
[35] B. Atal and L. Rabiner, "A Pattern Recognition Approach to Voiced-Unvoiced-Silence Classification with Applications to Speech Recognition," IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 24, pp. 201 –212, Jun 1976.
[36] ITU-T Recommendation G.729, "Coding of speech at 8 kbit/s using Conjugate-Structure Algebraic-Coded-Excited Linear-Prediction (CS-ACEP)," March 1996.
[37] Jr. A. Gray and J. Markel, "A Spectral-Flatness Measure for Studying the Autocorrelation Method of Linear Prediction of Speech Analysis," IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 22, pp. 207 –217, Jun 1974.
[38] B. Yegnanarayana and P. Satyanarayana Murthy, "Enhancement of Reverberant Speech Using LP Residual Signal," IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 8, no.3, pp. 267-281, May 2000.

指導教授

張寶基(Pao-Chi Chang)

審核日期

2004-7-17

推文