台灣地震震源尺度分析:2003年規模>6.0地震分析

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林欣儀(Hsin-I Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

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地球物理研究所

論文名稱

台灣地震震源尺度分析:2003年規模>6.0地震分析
(Earthquake Source Scaling of Moderate to Large Earthquakes in Taiwan: Study of 2003 Mw>6 Taiwan Earthquakes)

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摘要(中)

2003 年台灣發生三個規模六以上的地震，發震時間分別為2003 年6 月9 日8 時
40 分、6 月10 日1 時52 分以及2003 年12 月10 日4 時38 分(格林威治時間)，發震
地點皆位於台灣東部外海。本研究針對這三個地震之震源破裂作探討，利用線性逆推
方式，解得震源破裂分佈以及相關震源參數，並且探討地震斷層的幾何形狀、以及地
震活動特性。由於中央研究院寬頻地震網BATS(Broadband Array In Taiwan For
Seismology)在地震發生後隨即使用地震矩張量逆推求得其震源機制解，且在地震發
生後短時間內即可獲得豐富的波形資料，因此我們的分析採用中研院的寬頻地震網所
紀錄到的速度地震資料，並考量測站包覆性的問題，加入日本寬頻地震觀測網(F-Net)
位於台灣東邊的測站(YNG)所紀錄到之地震資料。震源機制採用BATS 所求得之震源機
制為起始測試值。理論格林函數的計算使用Takeo 結合Kennett and Kerry(1979)的
反射、透射係數矩陣與Bouchon(1981)的離散波數法，計算出在水平地層內一點震源
所有全波形之理論格林函數及理論位移波形。將一個有限斷層，看待為許多子斷層所
構成，若假設一測站的相關參數所計算之理論波形，則為所有子斷層的貢獻的疊加波
形。以此觀念，計算出選取測站之理論波形，並和實際波形進一步採用計算出斷層面
上的錯動量分佈。本研究將經由波形擬合度以及Polarity Fitting 的考量下選取最
佳之震源機制解，並得出其錯動量分布、地震矩、斷層長(L2)、斷層寬(W2)、斷層面
積(A2)等等。
所求得之結果為：6 月9 日地震-主要錯動區域在震源周圍範圍，傾向東北破裂，
最大錯動量為173 cm，地震矩為8.65*1024；6 月10 日地震-主要錯動區域在震源東
北方，往下方破裂，最大錯動量為153 cm，地震矩為2.03*1025。12 月10 日地震-主
要錯動區域位於震源東北方，最大錯動量為293cm，地震矩為2.68*1025 綜合本研究
及台灣地區93 至99 年間規模大於5 、震源深度在20 公里以上的六個地震及宜蘭地
震、蘭嶼地震、屏東地震、與99 年的集集地震、嘉義地震及嘉義地震之最大餘震共
21 個地震之結果，得出地震矩規模與震源參數間的關係。我們所得到的關係式如下：
5 . 4 ) log( 4 . 1 2 + = L Mw
5 . 4 ) log( 8 . 0 2 + = A Mw
7 . 3 ) log( ) 45 . 0 3 . 1 ( 2 + ± = D Mw
以上所得之震源參數經驗公式，除了可以了解台灣地區震源的錯動特性，更將提
供未來地震防災及危害度分析上的參考。

摘要(英)

Earthquake Source Scaling of Moderate to Large Earthquakes in Taiwan:
Study of 2003 Mw>6 Taiwan Earthquakes
Hsin-I Lin
Abstract
We inverted velocity data from broadband array in Taiwan (BATS)to
study earthquake source parameters of three Mw>6 earthquakes in
eastern Taiwan in 2003. These earthquakes occurred in June 9th, June 10th
and Dec 10th, 2003, respectively. We use least-square method to invert the
distribution of slip and other source parameters. The slip distribution and
aftershocks were used to estimate the fault geometry. For each event, we
derived a preferred model by testing different focal mechanisms. In order
to have a batter azimuthal coverage to the earthquake, one Japanese
station from F-net was used, in addition to the BATS stations.
These earthquakes are all thrust faulting mechanisms. The hypocenter
of June 9th earthquake is 24.4oN, 121.99oE at the depth of 21.3 km. The
focal mechanism has the strike, dip, and rake of 225o, 26 o, and 121 o,
respectively. The moment is 8.65*1024 dyne-cm, which yields the Mw of
5.89. The main rupture is around hypocenter, and ruptured toward
northeast direction. The June 10th earthquake occurred at 23.52oN
121.67oE, at the depth of b5.7 km. The focal mechanism has the strike,
dip, and rake of 217 o, 39 o, and 110 o, respectively. The moment is
2.03*1025 dyne-cm, which yields the Mw of 6.13. It ruptured toward
northeast in downdip direction. The September 10th earthquake was
occurred at 23.07oN 121.40oE at a focal depth of 17.7 km. The focal
mechanism has the strike, dip, and rake of 3 o, 42 o, and 104 o, respectively.
The moment is 2.68*1025 dyne-cm, which yields the Mw of 6.22.
According to the slip and aftershocks distributions, this earthquake is
believed to be associated with the Chihshang fault.
We collected the results and other recent research of Taiwan
earthquakes, to obtain the relationship of earthquake magnitude (Mw) to
fault length (L2), fault area (A2) and average slip (D2). The relations
among the source parameters are as follow:
5 . 4 ) log( 4 . 1 2 + = L Mw ,
5 . 4 ) log( 8 . 0 2 + = A Mw ,
7 . 3 ) log( ) 45 . 0 3 . 1 ( 2 + ± = D Mw ,
For better understanding of earthquake source characteristics in Taiwan
region, threes scaling relationships provided important information for
seismic hazard analysis.

關鍵字(中)

★ 地震
★ 震源
★ 震源尺度
★ 2003年地震

關鍵字(英)

★ Earthquake
★ source scaling
★ 2003 Mw>
★ 6
★ source modleing

論文目次

目錄
　頁碼
論文提要 …………………………………………………………… i
致謝 ………………………………………………………………… ii
目錄 ………………………………………………..……………….. iii
圖目 ……………………………………………………………….… v
表目 ……………………………………………………………….. viii
第一章緒論　.……………………………….……................................ 1
1.1研究目的與動機………………………………………................. 2
1.2文獻回顧…………......................................................................... 5
1.2.1 震源及有限斷層…….………………………………….…... 8
1.2.2 格林函數的計算………………………………………..…... 9
1.2.3 波形逆推................................................................................ 10
1.2.4 震源尺度模式……………………………………………....... 13
1.3 本文內容……………................................................................... 15
第二章研究方法　.................................................................................. 16
2.1 理論地震波計算原理………………………………………. 16
2.2 逆推方法………………………………………………………. 24
第三章資料收集及相關參數　……………………………………… 29
3.1 資料內容與處理……………………………………………. 29
3.1.1 台灣寬頻地震網(BATS)............................................... 29
3.1.2 日本寬頻地震網(F-Net)...................................................... 33
3.2 相關基本參數　……………………………………………. 35
3.2.1 震源機制及震源深度……………………………………... 35
3.2.2 斷層面幾何………………………………………………... 37
3.2.3 速度構造………………………………………………… 37
3.2.4 震源時間函數……………………………………………... 39
3.2.5 震源參數設定…………………………………………….... 39
第四章結果與討論　………………………………………………… 40
4.1 2003年6月9日1時52分地震……..…………………… 40
4.2 2003年6月10日8時40分地震………………………… 51
4.3 2003年12月10日4時38分地震………..……………… 62
第五章結果與討論　............................................................................. 73
5.1 討論…………………………………………………………… 73
5.1.1 震源機制………………………………………………….... 73
5.1.2 速度構造………………………………………………….... 74
5.1.3 測站分布………………………………………………….... 75
5.2 錯動量分佈結果……………………………………................... 75
5.2.1 2003年6月9日1時52分地震……………………….... 75
5.2.2 2003年6月10日8時40分地震…………...…………… 76
5.2.3 2003年12月10日4時38分地震……….…………….... 76
5.3 震源尺度關係………………………………………………….. 79
參考文獻……………………………………………………………… 88
英文摘要………………………………………………………………. 95

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指導教授

馬國鳳(Kuo-Fong Ma)

審核日期

2004-7-9

推文