電影《鬥陣俱樂部》與《美國殺人魔》中的精神分裂與消費社會

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陳映廷(Ying-ting Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

電影《鬥陣俱樂部》與《美國殺人魔》中的精神分裂與消費社會
(Schizophrenia and Consumer Society in Fight Club and American Psycho)

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摘要(中)

本論文以電影《鬥陣俱樂部》與《美國殺人魔》為本，探討在全球化所造成的資本主義擴張之下，所產生的價值認同問題以及主體性在消費文化中的瓦解。我選擇分析這兩部電影是由於主角皆為美國男性雅痞，兩者皆在其精神分裂的過程中，以暴力為手段，企圖回溯人性、追尋真實或抵抗制度化的消費社會。更藉由並置這兩部電影相同的歷史背景，延展時空、分析比較從八零年代到千禧年美國的經濟變遷和男性身體意義的轉變。
《美國殺人魔》中的主角Bateman對於金錢與權勢的追求使他成為一位具有施虐特質的精神分裂患者，以施暴於他人來發洩表裡不一的痛苦與反映自身的欲望衝突。《鬥陣俱樂部》中的Tyler摒棄物質生活，企圖與資本社會作對，然而他對消費文化的指控使其精神分裂演變為自相矛盾的人格對立，這似是而非的群起革命其實隱含著與精神分裂概念背道而馳的法西斯獨裁。
詹明信以現代觀點出發，將後現代資本社會的拼貼、脫序特質視為一種精神分裂的病症，作為負面批判，他責難其造成歷史感的消失，自我與他者的界線模糊。而另一方面，德勒茲與瓜塔里以後現代觀點出發，視精神分裂的主體游離、散逸特質為創造力，無止境生產的欲望不斷跨界，能加速資本的流動，但卻是資本所無法觸及的極限。因此，精神分裂的正面意義在於，它的邏輯提供了可能的逃脫路線，進而顛覆資本主義中將欲望視為匱乏的生產制度。
藉由比較詹明信和德勒茲的概念，我分析精神分裂與消費社會之間的差異與
精神分裂作為針對資本主義的反動潛力，進一步發現，一旦精神分裂被視為一種病症，放在精神分析的理論框架下，其所產生的變形，也就是對於主體性的嚮往（在他者中尋求自我認同），便是一種暴力，而這種暴力也就是資本主義中不斷製造匱乏並摧毀欲望的暴力。電影《鬥陣俱樂部》與《美國殺人魔》中對於理想他者的具象化與銷毀即是精神分裂的變形，而以消費邏輯攻擊資本主義的利益核心，也就抵銷了反動的可能性，這正是兩部電影中所呈現的深層反諷。

摘要(英)

This thesis analyzes the metamorphosis of schizophrenia presented in the movies, Fight Club and American Psycho, through the violence they employ as a problematic route back to subjectivity in a postmodern consumer culture.
Accordingly, chapter one provides a detailed interpretation of the cinematic composition of images with the cultural background that helps explore the attitude shown in both films toward a consumer society, and how the protagonists’ interactions with the consumerist social lieu develop into violence in schizophrenia. I will give an analytical overview of the American social phenomena during the 1980s and the 1990s to locate issues like yuppie culture and globalization within the films’ context, to see how the commodification of all social and personal relations can create psychic-polarized characters like Bateman and Tyler. The second chapter defines the difference between the psychoanalytic schizophrenia and the schizophrenia depicted in both films. Fredric Jameson’s idea of postmodern identity and Deleuzian concept of schizophrenia will help me elucidate the similarity between schizophrenia and capitalist consumerism, and further develop my argument on the schizophrenic state of Bateman and Jack/Tyler, which I term it as “the metamorphosis of schizophrenia”. Chapter three offers an exposition of body symbols and interpretations of violence in American Psycho and Fight Club to explore their parallels and differences in their attitude toward the consumerist capitalism through Lacan’s idea of aggressivity in mirror stage and Kristeva’s conception of abjection. Both of their theories support my idea that the metamorphosis of schizophrenia is the logical consequence of social violence within the system of capitalism. Lastly, the conclusion to my thesis is a recapitulation of how the explicit and implicit violence underpins capitalism and metamorphoses schizophrenia, and how the schizophrenic sensibilities in a consumer society offer a critique to the refusal and acceptance of capitalism.

關鍵字(中)

★ 消費文化
★ 資本主義
★ 精神分裂
★ 法西斯暴力
★ 主體性
★ 後現代

關鍵字(英)

★ male body
★ violence
★ schizophrenia
★ capitalism
★ subjectivity
★ postmodern consumer society
★ yuppie
★ globalization
★ fascism

論文目次

Abstract i
Chinese Abstract ii
Acknowledgements iii
Introduction 1
Chapter I American Psycho, Fight Club, and the Urban America since the 1980s 5
Chapter II Schizophrenia and Consumer Capitalism from a Postmodern Perspective 25
Chapter III Violence as the Metamorphosis of Schizophrenia in American Psycho and Fight Club 42
Conclusion 76
Works Cited 86

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指導教授

林文淇(Wen-chi Lin)

審核日期

2010-1-18

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