剪力流中液體含量對混合機制的影響

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姓名

周乘雨(Cheng-Yu Chou) 查詢紙本館藏

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機械工程學系

論文名稱

剪力流中液體含量對混合機制的影響
(Mxing mecanism in adherent shear flow)

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摘要(中)

本文使用實驗方法，針對不同液體含量對粒子在剪力槽內之混合現象所造成之影響作探討。藉由改變液體含量來觀察顆粒體隨時間混合之過程，分析其混合層區域厚度 (Mixing Layer Thickness)、粒子擴散係數 (Particle Diffusion Coefficient)、混合區域內濃度分佈以及實驗數據與半理論模擬數據的比較，進而研究液體含量對混合層厚度的關係。在本文中，視擴散係數Dapp是一個重要的參數，代表流場混合快慢的指標，而這個參數也與液體含量、平均粒子溫度與剪率做比較，觀察其趨勢的變化。本實驗發現隨著液體含量的增加，平均速度、變動速度、視擴散係數與平均粒子溫度以及剪率都是下降的趨勢，說明了粒子間隨著液體含量的增加，其內聚力亦會增加，對其混合機制有減弱的影響。

摘要(英)

The mixing and transport properties are influenced seriously by the amount of moisture added in the flow. If the particles are wet, the flow becomes more viscous and the liquid bridges and formed between particles. The dynamic liquid bridge forces are considered as the cohesive forces between particles to restrict the movements of particles. The cohesive forces make the particles stick tighter with each other and hamper the movement of particles. This paper discusses a series of experiments performed in a shear cell device with six different moisture contents and using 2-mm glass spheres as the granular materials. The motions of granular materials were recorded by a high-speed camera. Using the image processing technology and particle tracking method, the velocity, fluctuations and the granular temperatures were measured. The self-diffusion coefficient could be found from the history of the particle displacements. The mixing layer thicknesses were compared with the calculations from a simple diffusion equation using the data of self-diffusion coefficients obtained from the current measurements. The calculations and experimental results showed good agreements, demonstrating that the mixing process of granular materials occurred through the diffusion mechanism.

關鍵字(中)

★ 顆粒流
★ 剪力槽
★ 粒子自我擴散係數
★ 混合

關鍵字(英)

★ Granular flow
★ Shear cell
★ Mixing
★ Diffusion

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract ..II
附表目錄 ..VI
附圖目錄 .VII
符號說明 ..X
第一章簡介 1
1.1 粒子流簡介 1
1.2 剪力粒子流的研究歷史 ..3
1.3 混合現象 ..7
1.4 液橋現象 10
1.4.1 液橋力 (Liquid bridge forces) 10
1.4.2 毛細力 (Capillary forces) 12
1.4.3 黏滯力 (Viscous forces) 13
1.5 研究方向與架構 .13
第二章實驗方法與原理 .......15
2.1 實驗設備 .15
2.1.1 剪力槽裝置 15
2.1.2 液體含量定義 ..17
2.1.3 顆粒體 ..19
2.1.4 觀測及量測儀器 ..19
2.2 實驗原理與方法 ..21
2.2.1 影像處理與混合層厚度分析方法 ..22
2.2.2 速度及擴散係數分析方法 ..24
2.3 平均速度與變動速度的量測方法 ..25
2.3.1 Correlation簡介 25
2.3.2 Correlation程式流程 26
2.4 粒子溫度之概念 ..29
2.5 自我擴散理論 ..30
2.5.1 混合層內的擴散方程式 ..32
2.6 實驗步驟 ..34
2.6.1 混合層厚度的量測 ..34
2.6.2 速度及擴散係數的量測 ..36
2.7 誤差校正 (Calibration) ..38
2.7.1 誤差來源 ..38
2.7.2 誤差校正 ..39
第三章結果與討論 ..41
3.1 平均速度與變動速度 ..41
3.2 混合層隨時間變化關係圖 ..45
3.3 混合層內濃度之理論分析與計算 ..48
3.4 擴散係數的量測實驗 ..49
3.5 混合層內之混合速率 ..51
3.6 粒子溫度 ..52
3.7 混合層隨時間變化之實驗數據與理論計算之比較 ..54
第四章結論 ..56
參考文獻 ..58

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指導教授

蕭述三(Shu-San Hsiau)

審核日期

2005-7-11

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