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姓名 阮江溥(Chiang-Pu Juan) 查詢紙本館藏 畢業系所 環境工程研究所 論文名稱 廢棄物衍生Thermite 熔融劑之研究
(On the use of Waste-Derived Thermite in melting process)相關論文 檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式]
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至系統瀏覽論文 ( 永不開放)
摘要(中) 摘 要
Thermite 反應為還原態金屬與氧化態金屬或非金屬之間的高放熱氧化
還原反應並為自行傳播反應，一經點燃，反應傳播延續至終止且產生高純
度之產物，此特性具有低成本、省能、高品質之熔融技術開發價值。
廢棄物資材中工業下腳料鋁渣含有還原態金屬鋁、鋼鐵業副產物轉爐
礦泥、熱軋礦泥以及紡織廠廢水污泥含有氧化鐵、電弧爐集塵灰含有氧化
鋅與氧化鐵、印刷電路版蝕刻污泥含有氧化銅與氧化鐵。於本研究中根據
Thermite 反應原理將此六種廢棄物資材配製成五種具有行Thermite反應潛
力之熔融劑並稱之為廢棄物衍生Thermite熔融劑（Waste Derived Thermite,
WDT ）並依序為WDT1~WDT5五種熔融劑且進行評估研究。配方評估試
驗以最高反應溫度決定五種WDT最佳配比，結果WDT1為鋁渣：轉爐礦泥
=28%：72%；WDT2為鋁渣：蝕刻污泥=18%：82%；WDT3為鋁渣：熱軋
礦泥=25%：75%；WDT4為鋁渣：電弧爐集塵灰=33%：67%；WDT5為鋁
渣：紡織廠廢水污泥=28%：72%。五種最佳配方WDT處理焚化飛灰試驗，
以WDT1處理0~21.5wt.%飛灰，反應溫度可達1329℃~ 894℃ 之間，減少
熱損失之高溫熔融處理試驗則熔融溫度為2047℃~ 1236℃ 之間；以WDT2
處理0~29.1wt.%飛灰，反應溫度可達1577℃~923℃之間，高溫熔融處理則
為2286℃~1168℃之間；以WDT3處理0~16.3wt.%飛灰，反應溫度可達
1246℃~882℃ ， 高溫熔融處理則為1766℃~1198℃ ； 以WDT4 處理
0~21.2wt.%飛灰，反應溫度可達1117℃~ 982℃ 之間；以WDT5處理
0~28.2wt.%飛灰，反應溫度可達1126℃~789℃之間。反應後熔渣主要晶相
物種在 WDT1、WDT3、WDT4、WDT5組之共同成分為Al2O3、Fe、CaAl4O7
及SiO2；WDT 4可分析出ZnO2及FeO； WDT5可分析出FeO。WDT2主要物
種僅Al2O3、Cu及SiO2。高溫熔融產物熔渣與金屬錠之分離效果良好，
WDT1、WDT2及WDT3產物之金屬錠所佔百分比由15~5％（含鐵量92~94
％，WDT2含銅量91％~74％），高溫處理後產物之金屬錠上升至33~18％。
熔渣呈現黑色堅硬玻璃質狀， TCLP溶出符合環保署法規限值，顯示熔渣
安定性及可再利用價值。綜合反應溫度、單位放熱值、產物特性、點燃反
應難易度、反應自傳播特性等指標評估五種WDT，結果以WDT1及WDT2為
最佳、WDT3次之、WDT 4與WDT5較不適。摘要(英) Abstract
The thermite reaction is defined as the oxidation-reduction reactions
between a metal and other metallic/ non- metallic oxides which are
characterized by large exothermic heat and the self-sustaining of the process.
The large exothermic energy can be used as an extremely efficient energy for
purifying ores for some metals, or for the detoxifying of the MSWI fly ash.
Typical thermite reaction (a type of aluminothermic reaction) is one in which
aluminum metal is oxidized by an oxide of another metal, most commonly iron
oxide.
These thermite reactants can be provided with by industrial waste streams
containing aluminum and related oxides, thus giving an excellent opportunity
to develop effective thermite from wastes for energy. Accordingly, this study
tried to develop thermites from wastes (referred to as wastes-derived-thermite,
WDTs) , and further to evaluate the feasibility of treating the MSWI fly ash by
use of the WDTs. In this study, except for aluminum scrap, five types of
candidate dust and sludge were primarily screened based on the analysis of the
waste compositions and possible thermite reactions estimated, these candidate
wastes including aluminum scrap/dross, converter sludge from steel making
plants (Convert-sludge), printed circuit board sludge (PCB-sludge), hot rolling
wet dust (HR-dust) and electric arc furnace dust (EAF dust) from steel making
plants, and sludge from cotton mill industry wastewater treatment plants
(referred to as fabric dyeing sludge, FD-sludge). The proper formula for the
WDTs were to be generated on the evaluation of the performance criteria
such as the effective energy generated by the unit WDT, the sustainability of
the reaction, and the mobility of heavy metals during the reaction.
Laboratory testing results showed that proper formula (i.e., iron oxide
containing waste : aluminum scrap, wt%) generated for the five tested wastes,
in the increasing order of the dust/sludge percentage were EAF dust (67wt.%),
converter sludge (72wt.%), FD-sludge (72wt.%), HR-sludge (75wt.%), and
PCB-sludge (82wt%), indicating the reactive oxides decreased in as the weight
percentage for dust/sludge increased. WDT from PCB-sludge outperformed the
other WDTs in melting 0-29.1wt% MSWI fly ash (reaching a melting
temperature ranging from 2286 to 1168℃). The larger treating capacity for
MSWI fly ash showed that high thermite energy released by the copper oxide
in the plating sludge contributed to the melting process. WDT from converter
sludge also showed a 0-21.5 wt% treating capacity for MSWI fly ash (reaching
a melting temperature ranging from 2047 to 1263℃). The hot-rolling sludge
showed less treating capacity for MSWI fly ash (0-16.3wt%, with temperature
reaching 1766 to 1198℃). The results of the TCLP test for all the recovered
slags generated form the melting process of WDTs and fly ash showed that the
leaching concentrations of target metals were all in compliance with the
USEPA’’s regulatory threshoulds, ensuring the safety of the slag. The common
components identified by the XRD techniques included Al2O3, Fe, CaAl4O7,
and SiO2 for all tested WDTs except for WDT from PCB-sludge in which Cu
was identified. This results reported here suggest that it is feasible to generate
aluminothermic thermite from aluminum scrap/dross and wastes containing
iron oxide, copper oxide, and/or other related oxides.
These WDTs can not only recover slag and alloy by thermite reactions, but
also be used as fuel in detoxifying MSWI fly ash by melting process, showing a
promising energy efficient, recycling-beneficial alternative.關鍵字(中) ★ 都市垃圾焚化飛灰
★ 熔渣
★ Thermite 反應
★ 廢棄物衍生Thermite 熔融劑
★ 熔融關鍵字(英) ★ melting
★ Waste-Derived Thermite (WDT)
★ Thermite reaction
★ MSWI fly ash
★ slag論文目次 目錄
第一章 前言······································································································1
1-1 研究緣起·································································································1
1-2 研究內容·································································································2
第二章 文獻回顧······························································································4
2-1 Thermite 反應介紹·················································································4
2-2 Thermite 反應熱力學·············································································6
2-2-1 自由能（Gibbs free energy） ··························································6
2-2-2 反應熱·····························································································9
2-2-3 絕熱溫度（Tad） ·········································································11
2-2-4 理論Thermite 組合·······································································12
2-3 Thermite 反應影響因子·······································································13
2-3-1 點燃特性·······················································································13
2-3-2 燃燒速率·······················································································14
2-3-2-1 反應物粒徑、稀釋效應與壓緊密度的影響·························14
2-3-2-2 鹽類添加的影響····································································15
2-3-2-3 離心力的影響········································································16
2-3-2-4 壓力的影響············································································18
2-4 Thermite 反應機制···············································································19
2-4-1 燃燒波前淬火技術········································································19
2-4-2 DTA 技術·······················································································21
2-5 Thermite 技術發展與應用····································································23
2-5-1 冶金技術·······················································································23
2-5-2 材料合成強化技術·······································································24
2-5-3 環境保護及其他應用技術····························································25
2-6 廢棄物熔融處理技術···········································································26
2-6-1 熔融技術原理···············································································26
2-6-2 熔融處理飛灰之效應···································································30
2-6-3 傳統熔融技術比較·······································································31
2-7 廢棄物衍生Thermite 熔融劑·······························································36
2-7-1 廢棄物衍生Thermite 熔融劑之定義與潛力································36
2-7-2 Thermite 型廢棄物·········································································37
第三章 研究方法與步驟················································································47
3-1 研究流程·······························································································47
3-2 實驗材料與設備····················································································49
3-2-1 實驗材料························································································49
3-2-2 實驗設備························································································50
3-3 實驗配置·······························································································53
3-3-1 前置實驗與實驗結果···································································53
3-3-2 廢棄物衍生Thermite 熔融劑配方試驗·······································54
3-3-2-1 廢棄物衍生Thermite 熔融劑之最佳配比試驗·····················54
3-3-2-2 廢棄物衍生Thermite 熔融劑處理都市垃圾焚化飛灰試驗·56
3-4 實驗操作與分析方法············································································60
3-4-1 實驗操作························································································60
3-4-2 實驗分析方法················································································61
第四章 結果與討論························································································65
4-1 廢棄物基本特性及熱力學理論分析···················································65
4-1-1 基本物化性質···············································································65
4-1-2 熱力學理論分析···········································································83
4-2 廢棄物衍生Thermite 熔劑配方試驗··················································89
4-2-1 廢棄物衍生Thermite 熔劑之最佳配比·······································89
4-2-2 廢棄物衍生Thermite 熔劑處理飛灰·········································100
4-2-2-1 最佳配比試驗處理飛灰······················································100
4-2-2-2 混合熔融劑處理定量飛灰·················································· 111
4-2-3 綜合評估·····················································································120
4-2-3-1 混合物單位質量能量與反應溫度······································120
4-2-3-2 氣體回收分析與質量平衡··················································141
4-2-3-3 化學穩定性與毒性······························································143
4-2-3-4 點燃時間與點燃所需能量··················································153
4-2-3-5 理論能量分析······································································158
4-2-3-6 廢棄物衍生Thermite 熔融劑指標評估······························159
4-3 廢棄物衍生Thermite 熔劑高溫熔融處理
都市垃圾焚化飛灰試驗····································································163
4-3-1 廢棄物衍生Thermite 熔劑高溫熔融處理
都市垃圾焚化飛灰之反應溫度················································163
4-3-2 產物特性分析·············································································171
第五章 結論與建議······················································································178
5-1 結論····································································································178
5-2 建議····································································································180
參加文獻········································································································181參考文獻 參考文獻
指導教授 王鯤生(Kuen-Sheng Wang) 審核日期 2005-7-27 推文 plurk
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