| 摘要(英) |
Under the limitation of the disadvantageous factors of the natural environment, such as the terrain, the soil and the water source and so on, Tao-Yuan became the latest reclamation region of the west coast of Taiwan. After reserved the irrigation water problem, the soil tended to fertilely, the rice can harvest twice a year from the Qing-dynasty in some regions of Tao-Yuan. The region of Tao-Yuan became one of important areas of the agricultural economy of Taiwan and the rice production influenced the economic development in the times after the postwar and before the industry development of Taiwan. As the Taiwan harbor set in the Qing-dynasty, the economy characteristic by agriculture and trade of Taiwan does not change. The tea, sugar and camphor were the easily obtained industry raw material in Taiwan and to become the main industry export of Taiwan. After the medium generation of Qing-dynasty, the rice, tea, coal and camphor became the important production goods and materials in this region. These products cause Tao Yuan to enter the world trade system.
In the 50 years of the Japanese occupied Taiwan, according to the economic policies of the Japan Government and the extremely modern measures of the commercial finance, base infrastructure, and new education, Taiwan became an almost-industrialization society. But the trade was established on the agricultural foundation. There were not any considerable modern industries in this region except the husk rice industry and the tea manufacturing industry. The phenomenon showed that the influence of the Japan Government policy, gradually adjusted the production structure to increase the industrial production started from 1932 to carry on the industrialization to Taiwan, was not worth mentioning. After the World War II, the industries of north postwar of Taiwan were rapid increasing from 1953, but the industry growth rate of Tao-Yuan was lower than the entire average increment rate of Taiwan until the industrial districts establishment at 1960. Thus, the Tao-Yuan industry not yet vigorously developed from 1953 to 1960. Tao-Yuan was located at the border region may be supposed to have the enormous relations. In the time from 1953 to 1960, this region was a pure agriculture region, for examples, the agricultural population of the Guan-Yin town and Da-Yuan town has separately accounted for the total population 86% and 68%. Furthermore, the population increasing proportions of the Guan-Yin town and Da-Yuan town were third and fourth in the county investigation unexpectedly. That is the Tao-Yuan still was not yet an industry society but an agricultural county before 1960.
From 1960 to 1970, due to the flood of Taipei basin and the riot of Hong Kong, the government set the industrial districts and built more industry soils in Tao-Yuan. After the large-scale industrial district establishment by the government, due to the effect of factory gathering in large numbers and a special attraction for the population as Tao-Yuan became the satellite town of the Taipei, the industry and commerce of Tao-Yuan had the vigorous development in 1970 ages. Taiwan Government had completed 95seats of industrial districts in 1996. There were 14 seats of industrial districts located at the region of Tao-Yuan. The total areas of industrial districts in Tao-Yuan were the biggest than the other counties of Taiwan. The industrial districts standing in great numbers became one of the place characteristics of Tao-Yuan. The industry industrial structure of Tao-Yuan, no matter in the numbers of factory and staffs, the business incomes, the various industrial total output values, the attachment values and the fixed equipment investment, has the noticeable status in the Taiwan industry.
After the industry vigorous development, the society and economy of Tao-Yuan have the nature and the quantity changes. The people engaged in second level of and the third level of industrial population in Tao-Yuan elevated year after year. The phenomenon demonstrated the industries population number changes in Tao-Yuan were evolving with the Taiwan postwar economy development policy in these years. The population society fluctuation rate per thousand of Tao-Yuan increased year by year caused the present inhabitant populations and the population density decrease or increase rate of Tao-Yuan were greater than the most cities of Taiwan. Moreover, the population nature fluctuation rate per thousand reduced year by year caused the population nature movement of Tao-Yuan to present the negative growth. However, the young adults labor force moved in from other places caused the nurture burden of the production age population in Tao-Yuan to reduce year by year. And the sex proportion and average populations of each household were reducing yearly after the industry and commerce vigorous developments were also demonstrated that the society style of immigration and reclamation of Tao-Yuan was gradually changed to a diversification immigration society. The development of industrial would promote the prosperity of the original industry town and also bring some new capability for some new cities. In addition, the populations accepted medium education in Tao-Yuan was 2/3 of the total labor populations in 1996. The higher education young populations were far outdone the old populations. It showed the education level of the employees was promoted year-by-year. More attention, the education level of the female employees was enhanced to a greater level. Therefore, the promotion of the quality and the quantity of the feminine population labor force in Tao-Yuan increased the economy development day by day. As the education popularization and opening with the recent years provided the large quantities of higher education degree manpower to satisfy the industry promoted needs at the right moment were the main reason for the rapid development of industry and commerce in Tao-Yuan.
The Tao-Yuan county could transform by agricultural county to the industry strategic place of Taiwan were due to the establishment of new conservancy and irrigation works, the transportation improvement, the promotion of the level of education as well as the foundation of industrial districts made up by the Taiwan Government, that is, under the Taiwan postwar economy development vein, the vicissitudes of the society and economy of Tao-Yuan mainly caused by the factor of the policy, position as well as infrastructure. The people’’s income enhanced gradually after the industry and commerce vigorous development in Tao-Yuan, it also made the tax incomes were largely increasing yearly. But the growth of the peasant family incomes was far inferior to the growth of the non-peasant family incomes. The medical standard and the water supply rate also enhance along with the level of living promotion. However, the quantity of the cars and motorcycles in the county were explosively increased after the industrial development growth, the transportation veins linked the main industrial district were extremely few in the industry development 30 years. Furthermore, the sewer infrastructure cannot follow the metropolis population fast growth in Tao-Yuan and the government had not strictly controlled the sewage discharged by the vigorous industrialists and businessmen caused the most rivers pollution to be serious! The tax revenue of Tao-Yuan was in the top of the flight, but the whole public infrastructures were still insufficiently and the environment quality worsened rapidly.
Before 1966, no matter in the north city life circle or the economical circle, the region of Tao-Yuan was in the border area. Passing through about 30 years’ industrial development, Tao-Yuan became the important industrial and commercial city of Taiwan. As today all industries of Taiwan will become third level of industry, how to following the globalization footsteps and consolidating the characteristics and resources of the various regions to develop the industry and commerce under the stable states of the productive, ecological and living and make Taiwan to avoid the edge destiny in the international economy market day by day. The experience of Tao-Yuan industrial development surpassed the other counties will be supposed to have the quite edification. |
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