一氧化碳與二氧化碳分析系統的建立與驗證

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姓名

陳海茵(Hai-Yin Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

化學學系

論文名稱

一氧化碳與二氧化碳分析系統的建立與驗證
(Construction and Validation of CO and CO2 Gas Chromatographic System)

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摘要(中)

中文摘要
一氧化碳是燃燒以及大氣光化之產物，可借其背景濃度變化反推大氣氧化的能力，同時它也是高毒性的污染氣體。本研究利用小孔徑分子篩當作填充靜相做為一氧化碳分子的層析管柱，並由鎳觸媒管將一氧化碳還原成甲烷，再搭配感度、線性皆相當良好的火焰離子偵檢器(FID：flame ionization detector)做偵測，開發低成本的自製分析系統。方法驗証上分別與現行環保單位廣泛應用的非分散式紅外線光譜儀(non-dispersive IR)以及美國背景測站所使用的汞還原分析儀做一連續性的平行比對，以達到充份驗證的目的。
而後針對上述系統的缺點做進一步的改良，利用雙管柱逆吹的層析方法以恆溫方式分析，縮短分析時間增加並時間解析上的能力，藉此更精確的描繪一氧化碳的濃度變化，並改善長期觀測上因管柱調理所可能產生的不穩定因素。
再者，希望開發中孔徑的矽分子篩材料在層析技術上的應用。利用具有較大孔徑的持性，預期能夠作為快速分離大氣中的二氧化碳的填充靜相，並且搭配已經建構完成的自動進樣系統以及熱導偵檢器(thermal conductivity detector)，探討新材料在應用上的可能性，最後並設計簡單的動態稀釋裝置，用以產生不同濃度之CO2氣體當作初步的定性依據；並根據不同的稀釋比例，驗証分析效果的線性以及再現性。

摘要(英)

Abstract
Carbon monoxide is a by-product of biomass burning and photochemistry in the atmosphere. Monitoring background CO is a means to indirectly diagnose atmospheric oxidation capacity. The first part of this study involves the development of an automated gas chromatographic system for CO analysis. Using a molecular sieve 5Å column and a flame ionization detector (FID) with a Ni catalyst, CO can be reduced to CH4 by feeding H2 and detected by FID. The completed system was validated by a NDIR CO analyzer and a Reduced Gas Analyzer (RGA) by synchronously monitoring the CO variation in ambient air.
The GC/FID/methanizer system was further modified into a back-flash model, which was able to perform CO monitoring with improved precision and better consistency with NDIR and RGA, because the separation can then be run at isothermal condition resulting in better analytical stability.
Furthermore, this research also assessed the feasibility of employing mesoporous silica, i.e., MCM-41, MCM-48, and SBA-15, as the potential stationary phases aiming at separating CO2 in the atmosphere. By devising a similar system to that for CO with a thermal conductivity detector (TCD), it was found that MCM-41 with pore size of 46.6Å allowed the best CO2 separation. CO2 can be eluted from the MCM-41 packed column with a symmetric peak shape and within a reasonable time spent of 8 minutes . Due to the poor sensitivity of the TCD, a simple dynamic dilution device was built to easily make CO standards of any desired concentrations for testing the separation effectiveness and quality control aspects such as precision and linearity.

關鍵字(中)

★ 二氧化碳
★ 一氧化碳

關鍵字(英)

★ carbon monoxide
★ carbon dioxide

論文目次

目錄
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
謝誌 IV
目錄 V
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
第一章前言 1
1-1 緣起 1
1-2 一氧化碳的介紹 2
1-3 二氧化碳的介紹 14
1-4 分析方法回顧 22
1-4-1 光學量測方法的介紹 22
1-4-2 層析方法的介紹 24
1-5 研究動機 27
第二章一氧化碳系統的開發改良與驗證 28
2-1 三種一氧化碳分析儀器間的平行比對 28
2-1-1 自行建構GC/FID搭配Ni-Catalyst量測儀 (GC/FID/methanizer) 30
2-1-1a 閥門及進樣系統設計 30
2-1-1b 進樣壓力控制 33
2-1-1c 層析管柱材料的選擇 34
2-1-1d 鎳觸媒管的使用原理 34
2-1-1e 火焰離子偵檢器的使用原理 36
2-1-1f 時序控制軟體 37
2-1-1g 圖譜剪裁裝置 38
2-1-1h 分析條件的設定 39
2-1-1i GC/FID/methanizer的檢量線製作 40
2-1-2 氧化汞還原氣體分析模組 (RGD) 45
2-1-2a 汞還原偵測儀的原理 45
2-1-2b RGD訊號擷取及數據處理 48
2-1-2c RGD系統檢量線的製作 53
2-1-3非分散式紅外線光譜儀 (NDIR) 55
2-1-3a NDIR偵測原理 55
2-1-3b NDIR數據擷取以及訊號處理 57
2-1-4三儀器間平行比對的結果與討 60
2-2 逆吹式GC/FID/methanizer系統設計 65
2-2-1 逆吹式GC/FID/methanizer系統設計 66
2-2-2 層析管柱材料的選擇 68
2-2-3逆吹式GC/FID/methanizer系統的分析條件設定 70
2-2-4逆吹式GC/FID/methanizer系統與NDIR的平行比對 71
2-3 一氧化碳分析系統的結果與討論 74
第三章新材料在二氧化碳分析技術上的應用 75
3-1 層析管柱材料的選擇 77
3-1-1中孔徑分子篩材料的介紹 77
3-1-2中孔徑分子篩材料的合成 78
3-2 閥門及進樣系統設計 83
3-3 進樣體積的控制 85
3-4 熱導偵檢器的使用原理 85
3-5 最佳化層析條件 86
3-6 檢量線製作 94
3-6-1 高濃度樣品的線上稀釋方法 95
3-6-2 升溫模式下所繪製的檢量線 98
3-6-3 恆溫模式下所繪製的檢量 100
3-7 二氧化碳分析系統的結果與討論 102
第四章結論以及未來展望 103
參考文獻 106

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指導教授

王家麟(Jia-Lin Wang)

審核日期

2006-7-18

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