低放射性廢棄物處置場障壁受硫酸鹽侵蝕之劣化模式評估

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吳清哲(Ching-Je Wu) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

低放射性廢棄物處置場障壁受硫酸鹽侵蝕之劣化模式評估
(The estimate of the degradation model of sulfate attacked barrier at low-level radioactive wastes field.)

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摘要(中)

低放射性廢棄物處置場主體由混凝土構成，台灣在四面環海情形下，低放射性廢棄物處置場可能遭受外在環境各種元素的侵蝕，而低放射廢棄物所含核種需經300年後，絕大部分才會自然消失，處置場障壁長期在此種服務環境下，可能對混凝土造成損害或劣化甚至影響其耐久性。
本研究針對低放射性廢棄物處置場所使用之混凝土材料，以實驗室模擬混凝土材料長期受硫酸鹽侵蝕下，探討混凝土材料長期在此環境下的行為，分析其可能劣化機制及對耐久性之影響。試驗結果得知(1)以卜作嵐材料取代部份水泥，能改善混凝土抗硫酸鹽侵蝕之能力；(2)受硫酸鹽侵蝕後，其侵蝕之深度及濃度皆隨著歷時時間增加，以卜作嵐材料取代部分水泥，能增加混凝土緻密性提升抗硫酸鹽侵蝕之能力；(3)混凝土在長期硫酸鹽侵蝕條件下，動彈性模數值隨著歷時時間而增加；(4)由微觀分析結果顯示，水泥漿體受硫酸鹽侵蝕之歷時下，其內部微結構明顯可發現侵蝕產物，造成試體剝落及開裂，而使用卜作嵐材料能明顯消耗水泥漿體中的氫氧化鈣含量，使得混凝土更加緻密。
此外，採用硫酸鹽侵蝕模型針對混凝土受硫酸鹽侵襲進行參數敏感度分析，結果顯示以擴散係數、C3A含量、硫酸鹽邊界濃度及水泥水化程度對硫酸鹽侵蝕影響程度最大。

摘要(英)

The proposed low-level radioactive wastes disposal calls for the use of concrete. Since Taiwan is surrounded by the sea, the low-level radioactive wastes disposal site is very likely to suffer from the attack of different elements of the environment, specifically, sulfate attack. The attack of concrete material used at the low-level radioactive wastes disposal site by the sulfate was simulated in the laboratory to determine the long-term durability of concrete material. The possible degradation mechanism and potential influence on the durability were carefully examined in this study.
The results of the laboratory works shows that: (1)the replacement of a portion of Portland cement with pozzolanic materials was found to help the concrete to resist the sulfate attack; (2)after being attacked by the sulfate, the depth of sulfate penetration increases with elapsed time of sulfate attack; (3)the dynamic modulus of concrete under the attack of sulfate increased as the time elapsed; (4)shown by microstructural observations, the product of sulfate attack to concrete was found in the specimens obtained from the peel-off and cracked portion, and the consumption of calcium hydroxide in the body of concrete by pozzolanic materials makes the concrete more resistant to sulfate attack.
In addition, a parametric study on the development of sulfate attack was carried out using a computer program. The result shows that the diffusion coefficient of concrete, C3A content of cement, sulfate boundary concentration, and the degree of hydration of cement were found to have greater effects on concrete by sulfate attack.

關鍵字(中)

★ 低放射性廢棄物處置場
★ 混凝土障壁
★ 硫酸鹽侵蝕

關鍵字(英)

★ low-level radioactive wastes
★ concrete barrier

論文目次

第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究內容 2
第二章文獻回顧 4
2.1 低放射性廢棄物 4
2.1.1 低放射性廢棄物來源 4
2.1.2 我國低放射性廢棄物貯存設施計畫之需求性 4
2.1.3 低放射性廢棄物處置 5
2.1.4 低放射性廢棄物處置場之環境侵蝕 9
2.2 酸鹽侵蝕 10
2.2.1 硫酸鹽侵蝕機理 10
2.2.2 硫酸鎂的侵蝕 14
2.2.3 影響硫酸鹽侵蝕的因素 15
2.3 碳硫矽鈣石型硫酸鹽侵蝕 23
2.3.1 碳硫矽鈣石結構特徵 23
2.3.2 碳硫矽鈣石產生因素 24
2.4 硫酸鹽侵蝕模型 28
第三章敏感度分析 30
3.1 硫酸鹽侵蝕模概述 30
3.1.1 化學反應 34
3.1.2 開裂對試體擴散係數的影響 35
3.1.3 膨脹模型 37
3.2 參數分析 38
3.2.1 水泥用量 39
3.2.2 水泥比重 42
3.2.3 水泥水化程度 45
3.2.4 C3A含量 48
3.2.5 石膏含量 51
3.2.6 擴散係數 52
3.2.7 硫酸鹽邊界濃度 61
3.2.8 可填充毛細管孔隙 64
3.3 參數分析之評估 67
第四章實驗計畫 70
4.1 實驗材料 70
4.2 主要實驗設備 76
4.3 實驗內容及方法 80
4.3.1 實驗流程 80
4.3.2 實驗變數 82
4.3.3 實驗方法 85
第五章結果與討論 89
5.1 硫酸鹽侵蝕試驗 89
5.2 硫酸鹽入侵濃度剖面 92
5.2.1 環境濃度對不同配比之混凝土濃度剖面 92
5.2.2 不同混凝土配比在歷時環境下之濃度剖面 98
5.2.3 濃度剖面推求擴散係數 102
5.2.4 不同配比之砂漿棒濃度剖面 105
5.2.5 不同水泥砂漿棒配比在歷時環境下之濃度剖面 110
5.3 動彈性模數試驗 113
5.3.1 不同配比之混凝土動彈性模數 113
5.3.2 不同混凝土配比在相同環境條件下之動彈性模數變化 118
5.4 微觀分析 121
5.4.1 X光繞射分析 121
5.4.2 電子顯微鏡觀測 125
5.5 混凝土配比受硫酸鹽侵蝕之評估 134
第六章結論與建議 137
參考文獻 141

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指導教授

黃偉慶(Huang Wei-Hsing)

審核日期

2006-7-11

推文