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姓名 周辰穎(Chen-Ying Chou)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 土木工程學系
論文名稱 陣風效應對風力機發電量影響之實驗研究
(Experimental Study of the Turbulence Effect on the Wind Turbine Performance)
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摘要(中) 本研究以風洞實驗的方式探討風力機在穩態風場、特定頻率陣風風場與格網紊流風場中的發電情形,並針對兩種不同的風力機:阻力型的Rutland 913風力機以及升力型的Air-X風力機比較其性能。研究結果顯示:升力型之風力機的翼端速度比會較高,且會有較佳之發電效率;但是阻力型之風力機則有啟動風速較低及較安靜的優點,所以較適合設置於地狹人稠的都市地區。而非穩態風場中的發電情形,本研究以準穩態假設(Quasi-Steady Hypothesis)計算風力機之發電量,並與實驗之結果與進行比對,結果顯示由於風力機的動態特性,所以準穩態假設會高估風力機在非穩態風場中的發電量,本研究利用頻譜分析對準穩態假設進行修正,並對於紊流風速變化頻率高於風力機可反應頻率予以修正,再將其代入準穩態假設可得到較佳的結果。本研究之結果可幫助吾人瞭解風力機在非穩態風場中的發電情形有進一步的瞭解,可供相關工程設計之參考。
摘要(英) This experimental study investigates the output power of wind turbines in different approaching flows, which include steady flow, periodically varying flows and grid-generated turbulent flows. The experiment is carried out in a large-scale atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel. The wind turbines consist of a drag-type turbine (Rutland 913) and a lift-type turbine (Air-X). The experimental results demonstrate that the lift-type turbine has higher tip speed ratio and better efficiency than the drag-type turbine. But the drag-type turbine has lower cut-in speed and is much quiet for installing in urban area. Moreover, the power outputs of wind turbines in unsteady flows are higher than in steady flows, but the quasi-steady hypothesis over-estimated the increase. Therefore, a spectral transfer function is developed to modify the power predictions, taking into account the response frequency of turbines. The modified model can be used to predict the power output of turbine in unsteady turbulent wind.
關鍵字(中) ★ 風力發電
★ 風洞實驗
★ 陣風
★ 紊流
★ 準穩態假設
★ 風力機
關鍵字(英) ★ turbulent wind
★ Gusty wind
★ Quasi-steady hypothesis
★ Wind turbine
★ Wind tunnel experiment
論文目次 目錄
頁次
摘要 I
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XI
符號表 XIII
第一章 緒 論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 台灣地區的風力發電現況 1
1.3 研究動機 2
1.4 研究內容及大綱 3
第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧 5
2.1 風力發電 5
2.1.1 風力機分類 6
2.1.2 風力潛勢評估 7
2.1.3 風能理論 8
2.1.4 發電效率 10
2.2 風場特性 12
2.2.1 穩態風場 13
2.2.2 陣風風場 13
2.2.3 格網紊流風場 14
2.3 傅立葉(Fourier)頻譜分析 14
2.4 前人文獻回顧 15
第三章 實驗設備與方法 25
3.1 大型環境風洞與陣風產生器 25
3.1.1 大型環境風洞 25
3.1.2 陣風產生器(Gust generator) 26
3.1.3 格網紊流 27
3.2 訊號擷取方法 28
3.3 風速量測方法 28
3.3.1 皮托管 28
3.3.2 熱線流速儀 29
3.4 風力發電系統 30
3.4.1 風力發電機 31
3.4.2 監控系統設備 32
3.4.3 轉速計 34
3.5 實驗方法與步驟 34
3.5.1 實驗配置 34
3.5.2 穩態風場模擬 35
3.5.3 格網紊流風場模擬 35
3.6 實驗數據採樣技巧 36
3.6.1 雜訊處理 36
3.6.2 採樣時距 37
3.7 傅立葉頻譜分析方法 37
第四章 結果與討論 58
4.1 穩態風場 58
4.1.1 穩態風場機制 58
4.1.2 穩態風場中風力機發電情形 59
4.1.3 翼端速度比 61
4.2 陣風風場 61
4.2.1 陣風風場 62
4.2.2準穩態假設 62
4.2.3陣風風場中發電情形 64
4.2.4 相關性分析 65
4.3 格網紊流 65
4.3.1 紊流特性 66
4.3.2紊流風場中發電情形 67
4.4 準穩態模式修正 68
4.4.1 反應時間 (Response Time) 68
4.4.2 修正方法 69
4.5 風力機動態特性 70
4.5.1轉換函數 71
4.5.2 發電量預測方法 72
4.6 誤差分析 74
第五章 結論與建議 111
5.1 結論 111
5.2建議 112
參考文獻 113
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指導教授 朱佳仁(Chia-Ren Chu) 審核日期 2006-6-30
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