剪力流中分離現象研究

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黃俊豪(Chung-Hao Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

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機械工程學系

論文名稱

剪力流中分離現象研究

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摘要(中)

本文觀察經剪力作用之混合大小粒子並探討其分離現象，普遍認
為由粒徑差異所造成的分離現象主要由滲透效應來主導，所謂的滲透
效應即小粒子藉由外來能量而穿透大粒子間隙的一種遷移現象。
本文使用實驗方法，針對底盤速度與粒子佔有體積比對粒子在剪
力槽內分離現象所造成影響做探討。藉由觀察剪力槽內分離現象隨時
間變化情形，分析小粒子之速度分布以及粒子溫度、濃度分佈、分離
強度等，實驗發現底盤速度與粒子佔有體積比提高，粒子之平均速度
梯度、x 方向與y 方向擾動速度梯度以及粒子溫度梯度皆會增加，且
高底盤速度與高粒子佔有體積亦具有較大初始分離速率與穩定狀態
時較高之分離強度值，其中粒子佔有體積比對初始分離率與最大分離
強度具有較大的影響力。另外亦針對粒徑比，利用剪力槽上壁面所裝
置三個雙向應力規來量測剪應力與正向應力，分析作用於剪力槽邊壁
之應力大小。

摘要(英)

This thesis examines the segregation phenomena of binary granular
material subjected to external sheared force. This type of flow in a shear
cell is known as Couette flow in fluid mechanics. The influence of both
the bottom wall velocity and solid fraction of granular material on the
segregation behaviors are discussed.Experiments are performed in a shear
cell device and the glass spheres are used as granular materials. The
motions of the granular materials are recorded by a high-speed camera.
Image processing technology and particle tracking method are employed
to measure the average and fluctuation velocities in the streamwise and
the transverse directions. Two models are used to describe segregation
level and an index called intensity of segregation, Is, is employed to
quantify the segregation quality. The initial segregation rate is calculated
from a least-square fit using the time evolution of Is. Three bi-directional
stress gages are installed on the upper wall to measure the nomal and
shear stresses.

論文目次

摘要.................................................................................... i
誌謝...................................................................................iii
附表目錄................................................................................. vii
附圖目錄............................................................................... .viii
符號說明................................................................................. xii
第一章簡介..............................................................................1
1.1 粒子流簡介.....................................................................1
1.2 剪力流研究歷史.............................................................4
1.3 分離現象研究.................................................................7
1.3.1 十種分離效應..........................................................7
1.3.2 量測分離的技術與裝置....................................... 12
1.3.3 剪力槽方面的分離............................................... 14
1.4 研究動機與方向.......................................................... 17
第二章實驗方法與原理....................................................... 19
2.1 實驗設備...................................................................... 19
2.1.1 剪力槽裝置........................................................... 19
v
2.1.2 顆粒體................................................................... 21
2.1.3 觀測及量測儀器................................................... 22
2.2 實驗原理與方法.......................................................... 25
2.2.1 影像處理分析方法............................................... 25
2.2.2 分離指標(Segregation Indices) ............................. 26
2.3 平均速度與變動速度的量測方法.............................. 28
2.3.1 Correlation 簡介..................................................... 28
2.3.2 Correlation 程式流程............................................. 30
2.4 粒子溫度之概念.......................................................... 32
2.5 應力分析...................................................................... 33
2.6 實驗步驟...................................................................... 35
2.6.1 速度分析的量測................................................... 35
2.6.2 濃度與分離強度分析量測................................... 37
2.6.3 應力的量測........................................................... 39
2.7 誤差.............................................................................. 41
第三章實驗結果與討論....................................................... 42
3.1 速度場分析與粒子溫度.............................................. 43
3.2 濃度隨高度變化之關係.............................................. 46
3.3 分離強度(Intensity of Segregation)的比較................. 52
vi
3.4 不同尺寸比中大小粒子含量對應力的影響............... 59
第四章結論........................................................................... 61
參考文獻................................................................................. 63

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指導教授

蕭述三(Shu-San Hsiau)

審核日期

2006-7-24

推文