水-醋酸-對二甲苯四成份系統在101.32 kPa下之汽液與汽液液相平衡研究

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林慶樺(Ching-Hua Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

化學工程與材料工程學系

論文名稱

水-醋酸-對二甲苯四成份系統在101.32 kPa下之汽液與汽液液相平衡研究
(Vapor liquid equilibria for the quaternary system water + acetic acid + methyl acetate + p-xylene at 101.32 kPa)

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摘要(中)

醋酸與水為似共沸的混合物，因此使用傳統蒸餾無法得到高純度的醋酸。醋酸脫水，在化工程序上一般都採用共沸蒸餾之程序。分離製程中通常以醋酸酯為共沸劑(entrainer)，而本研究構想一個新的製程，即使用對二甲苯來替代醋酸酯，若此製程可行，則整個醋酸生產之成本可望大幅降低。
本研究討論水-醋酸-乙酸甲酯-對二甲苯在101.32 kPa下的相行為包括汽液相平衡及汽液液平衡。實驗部分使用改良自Othmer汽液平衡裝置進行數據的量測，在汽相之計算使用Hayden和O’Connell所提的理論考慮醋酸分子結合效應。
實驗所得來之數據使用UNIQUAC和NRTL兩種液相模式進行回歸，在汽液平衡部分此兩液相模式迴歸結果相差不多，但以NRTL較佳；並使用NRTL模式所關聯的結果來繪出此四成份系統的相圖，汽液液平衡部分則使用UNIQUAC液相模式關聯之值來畫出相圖，發現實驗點皆落於計算平面上，最後並分析四成份混合物形成汽液平衡或汽液液平衡的狀況。

摘要(英)

Acetic acid and water is a mixture with close oiling temperature. Therefore, a conventional distillation can not produce high purity acetic acid. In chemical industry, the azeotropic distillation is applied to the dehydration of acetic acid with an entrainer. The final aim of this study is to develop a new process that replaces the old entrainer with p-xylene.
In this work, the vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) and vapor liquid liquid equilibrium (VLLE) data of water-acetic acid-methyl acetate-para xylene (p-xylene) were conducted in a modified Othmer type equilibrium still at 101.32 kPa. The measured VLE and VLLE data were correlated by the activity coefficient models of UNIQUAC and NRTL with the consideration of the association by Hayden and O’Connell in the vapor phase. Our calculated results show that the correlation by the NRTL model was in good agreement with the experimental data for VLE. The VLLE data was suitably correlated by the UNIQUAC model, but it could not be correlated by NRTL model. The diagrams showing the experimental data and the calculated composition surfaces were plotted as a function of temperature. It can be seen that the experimental points lie on the calculated surface. This indicates that the calculated and the experimental data agreed with each other fairly. The diagram of liquid composition and vapor composition excluding methyl acetate show the relation of VLE for single liquid phase or VLLE for two liquid phase in this work.

關鍵字(中)

★ 相平衡
★ 醋酸
★ 四成份

關鍵字(英)

★ vapor-liquid equilibria
★ acetic acid
★ quaternary system

論文目次

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
表目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
符號說明 IX
第一章　緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 醋酸的製程 2
1.3 有機酸結合效應之影響 3
1.4 醋酸-水多成份之汽液平衡 4
第二章　理論 7
2.1 汽液相平衡理論 7
第三章　實驗部分 10
3.1 實驗裝置 10
3.2 實驗藥品 10
3.3 實驗設備 11
3.4 樣品分析之條件 11
3.5 實驗操作部分 12
3.5.1 檢量線的配製與濃度分析 12
3.5.2 混合物反應測試 13
3.5.3 共溶劑反應測試 13
3.5.4 可靠性實驗 14
3.5.5 汽液平衡和汽液液平衡實驗 14
3.5.6 液液平衡實驗 15
3.6. 實驗數據處理 15
第四章　實驗數據關聯結果與討論 18
4.1汽液及汽液液相平衡數據的關聯 18
4.2汽液平衡與汽液液平衡組成範圍分析 20
第五章　結論 21
參考文獻 23
附錄A　汽相非理想氣體的計算 52
附錄B　四成份系統組成分析法 54

參考文獻

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指導教授

李亮三(Liang-sun Lee)

審核日期

2006-6-27

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