溴化四丁基銨鹽之製備與其電解─電透析方法以合成氯化四丁基銨鹽之研究

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：8

、訪客IP：52.14.253.170

姓名

廖振凱(Chen-Kai Liao) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

化學工程與材料工程學系

論文名稱

溴化四丁基銨鹽之製備與其電解─電透析方法以合成氯化四丁基銨鹽之研究

相關論文

★ 以溴化四丁基銨鹽電解-電透析合成醋酸四丁基銨鹽及該鹽之精製	★ 彩色濾光片再生製程強鹼染料廢水之電解-電透析處理以去除廢水中之KOH，並同時合成KOH與NaOCl
★ 彩色濾光片玻璃基板再生製程強鹼染料廢液之催化濕式氧化處理	★ 甚高濃度有機廢水之催化溼式氧化處理
★ 甚高有機污染強鹼廢水之電透析前處理	★ 甲醇鈉之製備與其與二氯甲烷之液-固相轉移催化甲氧基取代
★ 醋酸丁酯之液-固相轉移催化合成及其水解研究	★ 醋酸丙烯酯之液-固相轉移催化合成及其水解研究
★ 鹵化四丁基銨之合成動力學、溶解、萃取及精製研究	★ 醋酸戊酯之相轉移催化水解以合成正戊醇之研究
★ 四丁基銨鹽之溶解度、締合常數、活性係數及分佈係數	★ 溶劑與陰離子(Y)之結構對一典型相轉移催化親核取代反應BzCl + Bu4NY→BzY + Bu4NCl之反應性之效應
★ 溶劑、親核劑(QBr)陽離子之結構及溫度對相轉移催化反應BzCl + QBr<--> BzBr + QCl 之反應性之效應	★ 溶劑、基質結構及溫度對相轉移催化親核取代反應ROH + Bu4NCl<-->RCl +Bu4NOH 之反應性之效應
★ 2-胺基噻吖唑衍生物合成與其性質之探討	★ 合成1,3-双[5-苯基-1,3,4-

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

至系統瀏覽論文 ( 永不開放)

摘要(中)

摘要
　　氯化四丁基銨鹽 Bu4NCl 是一常用的相轉移催化劑，在某些酯化反應特具功效。但由於氯化四丁基銨鹽難以季化合成，故利用電解﹣電透析溴化四丁基銨鹽 Bu4NBr 以合成之。
　　本研究首先對於三丁胺 Bu3N 與碘丁烷 BuBr 之季化反應合成溴化四丁基銨鹽 Bu4Br。選擇一既容易進行反應且容易結晶之溶劑，本實驗選擇 DMA 當溶劑，其反應莫耳比為 Bu3N : BuBr : DMA = 1 : 1 : 3.73，溫度控制在 100℃，反應 16 小時候，冷卻析出結晶鹽，過濾後取出。其濾液再加入適當溶劑，利用溶解度與介電常數之不同，可再次析出結晶鹽。如此循環可將產率提高，亦可得到高純度之溴化四丁基銨鹽 Bu4NBr。
　　本實驗裝置為四隔室型，陽極採用鉑鈦合金電極板，陰極採用不鏽鋼電極板。陽極室通入 NaCl 水溶液，濃縮室通入 NaBr 水溶液，淡化室通入 Bu4NBr 水溶液，陰極室通入 HCl 水溶液，配合陽離子交換膜 Nafion NX982TX 及陰離子交換膜 Asahi AMV。在陽極室與濃縮室溶液濃度固定不變情況下，則由實驗所得數據可知，電流效率、電壓效率與淡化室液、陰極室液濃度、電流密度、流速及各隔室間寬度之關係。以及電能消耗與淡化室液、陰極室液濃度、電流密度、流速及各隔室間寬度之關係。
　　同時由無因次的分析，可得電流效率和電壓效率與系統操作變因有著無因次之關係。

摘要(英)

Abstract
Tetrabutylammonium chloride is a phase transfer catalyst which is especially useful in some solid-liquid phase transfer catalyzed esterifications. It is not feasible to synthesize this compound by quaternization or by nucleophilic double displacement because that both the quaternization rate constant and the displacement equilibrium constant are very small. The tetrabutylammonium chloride can be prepared by the electrodialysis of tetrabutylammonium iodide. The advantages of the process are that the iodide can be easily obtained by quaternization and that only a cation exchange membrane is need. But, the disadvantages are that it is slightly soluble in water and the produced iodine would be absorbed on the anode. This project proposes a new electrodialysis process for synthesizing the tetrabutylammonium chloride.
From the derived current density equation and the applied voltage equation in this project, it is inspected that the factors affecting both the current efficiency and the voltage efficiency are: current density, concentration, flow velocities of electro-lytes and width of compartments.
From the two equations, the dimensionless correlations of two efficiencies with the operating variables are also proposed. The parameters in the equations will be ob-tained in this project so as to get the basic information for synthesizing tetrabu-tylammonium chloride.

關鍵字(中)

★ 氯化四丁基銨鹽
★ 電解─電透析

關鍵字(英)

★ tetrabutylammonium chloride
★ electrodialysis-electrolysis

論文目次

目錄
摘要.................................................................I
目錄.................................................................IV
圖目錄.................................................................IX
表目錄.................................................................XI
符號說明.................................................................XII
第一章前言............................................................1
1-1 鹵化四級銨鹽之性質.............................................1
1-2 鹵化四級銨鹽之合成方法.........................................2
1-2-1 碘化四級銨鹽之合成方法..................................2
1-2-2 氯化四級銨鹽之合成方法..................................3
1-2-3 其它鹵化四級銨鹽之合成方法..............................4
1-3 鹵化四丁基銨鹽之應用...........................................5
1-3-1 當相轉移催化劑..........................................5
1-3-2 其他重要的用途..........................................7
1-4 電解﹣電透析之簡介.............................................7
1-4-1 電透析之濃縮﹣淡化過程..................................8
1-4-2 電透析之應用............................................8
1-4-3 對於電解﹣電透析之合成.................................10
1-4-4 季銨氫氧化物非電解﹣電透析之合成.......................12
1-5 本文的動機與主旨..............................................13
第二章理論部份.......................................................14
2-1 二分子親核取代反應之速率方程式................................14
2-2 溶劑對季化反應之效應..........................................16
2-3 由阿瑞尼亞定律解釋溫度對反應速率常數之影響....................16
2-4 電解﹣電透析之流程............................................17
2-5 離子通量方程式與電極間之電位梯度..............................18
2-6 通電初態系統之濃度分佈........................................21
2-7 平衡極電位與電荷轉移過電程....................................21
2-7-1 平衡極電位.............................................21
2-7-2 電荷轉移過電壓.........................................24
2-8 擴散電位......................................................25
2-9 歐姆電位降....................................................25
2-10 Donnan potential.............................................26
2-11 濃度偏極化...................................................27
2-12 系統外加電壓方程式...........................................28
2-13 電流效率、電壓效率及電能消耗與無因次操作變數群之關係式.......30
第三章實驗部份.......................................................37
3-1 實驗及分析用藥品..............................................37
3-2 實驗裝置及分析儀器............................................38
3-2-1 實驗裝置...............................................38
3-2-2 電導度計...............................................39
3-2-3 離子層析儀.............................................39
3-3 樣品分析......................................................39
3-3-1 電導度分析.............................................39
3-3-1.1 淡化室 Q+ 分析.......................................40
3-3-1.2 陰極室 Q+ 分析.......................................40
3-3-2 離子層析儀(IC)之校正曲線極樣品分析.....................40
3-4 實驗步驟......................................................42
3-4-0 溴化四丁基銨鹽的製備...................................42
3-4-1 極限電流密度之測定.....................................42
3-4-2 HCl(aq) 濃度對電流效率、電壓效率及電能消耗之影響.......43
3-4-3 QBr(aq) 濃度對電流效率、電壓效率及電能消耗之影響.......43
3-4-4 電流密度對電流效率、電壓效率及電能消耗之影響...........44
3-4-5 HCl(aq) 流速對電流效率、電壓效率及電能消耗之影響.......44
3-4-6 QBr(aq) 流速對電流效率、電壓效率及電能消耗之影響.......45
3-4-7 隔室寬度對電流效率、電壓效率及電能消耗之影響...........45
第四章結果與討論.....................................................46
4-1 極限電流密度之測定............................................46
4-2 HCl(aq) 濃度對電流效率、電壓效率及電能消耗之影響..............46
4-3 QBr(aq) 濃度對電流效率、電壓效率及電能消耗之影響..............47
4-4 HCl(aq), QBr(aq) 濃度對電流效率、電壓效率及電能消耗影響之比較.48
4-5 電流密度對電流效率、電壓效率及電能消耗之影響..................49
4-6 HCl(aq) 流速對電流效率、電壓效率及電能消耗之影響..............50
4-7 QBr(aq) 流速對電流效率、電壓效率及電能消耗之影響..............51
4-8 HCl(aq), QBr(aq) 流速對電流效率、電壓效率及電能消耗影響之比較.51
4-9 隔室寬度對電流效率、電壓效率及電能消耗之影響..................52
4-10 電流效率及電壓效率與無因次操作變數群之關係式.................53
4-11 電解﹣電透析之最適條件.......................................55
第五章結論..........................................................80
參考文獻..............................................................83

參考文獻

參考文獻
[1] Dario Landini;Angelamaria Maia;Alessandro Rampoldi,“Stability of Qua-ternary Onium Salts under Phase-Transfer Conditions in the Presence of Aqueous Alkaline Solutions ”,J. Org. Chem.51,3187-3191,(1986).
[2] 蘇國銘,“叔胺與碘丁烷之親核取代反應之溶劑效應與結構效應”,中央大學化工所碩士論文(1996).
[3] 游昆麟,“三乙胺與鹵化物之親核取代反應之溶劑效應與結構效應”,中央大學化工所碩士論文(1996).
[4] G. Bermudez;L.H. Blanco;N. Vargas,“Synthesis and Analytical Charac-terization of Some Quaternary Amonium Salts”,Rev. Colomb. Quim.,11(1)33-8(Span), 1982(CA.98:142895t).
[5] 王天財“芐基氯之相轉移催化取代及其與叔胺之季銨化研究”,成功大學化工所博士論文(1990).
[6]I.L.Kotlyareevskii,“Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Salts”,Izv.Akad.Nauk SSSR,Ser.Khim,2820-1(Russ),1974(12).
[7] Kortvelyessi,Gyula;Almasy,Gedeon,Mrs.“Quaternization of Amines or Amines with Methyl or Ethyl Chloride Using Calcium Hydroxide or Llime Hydrate As Acid Trap”,Hung. Teljes HU 54,341(Cl.C07 C211/64) 1989,9.(CA.115:70907t).
[8] V.L. Shirokii;A.B. Sutormin;Maier, N.A.;Golubkov, N.E.;Belyanin,“Manufacture of Tetraalkylammoniu Chlo-rides”,U.S.S.R. ,SU1, 505 927 (Cl.C07 C87/30) 07 Sep 1989(33), 111(CA.112:5857z).
[9] C.M. Stark;C. Liotta, “Phase Transfer Catalysis:Principles and Tech-niques”,ACADEMIC PRESS, New York(1978).
[10] Geroia, Edwin;Cowiey, Alan H;Bard, Allen “Quaternary Analgams as Zintl Ion Salts and Their Use in the Synthesis of Novel Quaternary Am-monium Aslts”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 108(19) 6082-3,1986(CA.105:122860n).
[11] Rutzen, Horst；Lorenz, Peter；Tesmann, Holger,“Process for the Prepara-tion of Powdered or Granulated Quaternary Ammonium Halides from Al-kyl Halides and Tertiary Amines”, Eur. Pat. Appl. Ep.288,857 (Cl.C07 C85/04), 02 Nov 1988, DE Appl.3,713,996, 2 Apr 1987,4PP(CA110:59926z).
[12] K.R. Smith；J.E. Borland；J.W. Perine；J.D. Sauer,“Preparation of Solid Quaternary Ammonium Halides ”,U.S. US5,196,5282(Cl. 56 4-29；C07 C209/12), 23 Mar. 1993, Appl. 723,975, 01 Jul 1991, 3pp(CA.119:7229c).
[13] Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.“Tera-n-butylammonium bromide”, Jpn.Kokai tokkyo Koho JP 59 27,854[84 27,854](Cl.C07 C87/30) , 14 Feb 1984, Appl. 82/137,791, 06 Aug 1982, 4pp(CA.101:5459h).
[14] S. Dermeil ；Y. Sasson,“Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Flouoride Salts by a Solts by a Solid-Liquid Halogen Exchange Process in Protic Solvents”, J. Org. Chem. 54,4827-29(1989).
[15] Zahalka, Hayder A.；Sasson, Yoel.“Esterification of 1,4-DichlorobutaneWith Sodium Formate under Solid-Liquid Phase Transfer Catalysis“,Can J. Chem. 67(2), 245-9(1989).
[16] Desmurs, Jean Roger. Ratton. Serge,“Esterification Process of Hydroxy-benzoic Acids”,Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 467,727(ClC07 C69/88), 22 Jan 1992, FR Appl. 9017,818, 22 Jun 1990,28pp(CL.116: 193922x).
[17] Klan, Petr；Benovsky, Petr, “Phase-Transfer Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Propenylesters of Carboxylic Acids“,Monatsh. Chem. 123(5),469-71(1992).
[18] Hu, Yulai；Pa. Weihua；Cui, Wenfeng；Wang, Jinxian,“Synthesis of Es-ters from Acyl Chlorides and Halide under Solid-Liquid Phase-Transfer Catalysis”, Synth. Commun. 22(19), 2763-7(1992).
[19] Puntambekar,Hemalata M.“Mild,one-pot conversion of carboxylic acids into ester using phase transfer catalysis.” Indian J.chem.Sect.B 1993, 32B(7),793-4.
[20] Banait-JS Devi-R Singh-B“Electrochemical Reaction at Sacrifical Elec-trodes.7.Synthesis of some uniqe mercury alkoxides and glycolates and their coordination-compounds.” Bulletin of the Chemical Soceity of Japan 1991, vol 64, Iss 12,pp3669-3672.
[21] Opeida, I. A.；Zalevskaya, N. M.；Titsky, G. D.；Vasiliev, A. Yu.,“Catalysis by Tetrabutylammonium Salts in the Oxidation of Hydro-carbons”, UKR . Khim. Zh. 59(10),1072-7(1993).
[22] Chen, Youshuang；Huang, Wenbang；Li, Jiayuan,“Phase-Transfer Cata-lyzed Oxidation of n-octanol to n-octanal”, Huaxue Shiji 16(1),62 (1994).
[23] Kadaba-PK；Parmley-G；Crooks-PA；Agha-B,“Traizolines.24. Perman-ganate-Catalyzed Low-Temperature Thermolysis of 5-(4- Pyidyl) Substi-tuted a1,2,3-Triazolines”, 30(5), 1191-1195(1993).
[24] Nanba, Hiroyuki；Takahashi, Noriko；Abe, Koichi；Saito, Mas-sao,“Preparation of Suberonitrile by Catalytic Cyanation of 1,6-Dichlorohexane”,Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 63,196,546 [88,196,549] (Cl.C07 C121/20), 15 Aug 1988, Appl. 87/28,192, 12 Feb 1987,3PP(CA.110:23360w).
[25] Silhanek, Jaroslav；Bartl, Jiri,“Selectivity in two-phase Liquid-Liquid Re-action Systems”, Sb. Vys. Sk. Chem.-Technol. Praze, C：Org. Chem. Technol. C31, 81-93(1991).
[26] Yoneyama, Kiroxhi；Sugimura, Kenji；Kuwabata, Susumu,“Effects of Electrolytes on the Photoelectrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide at Illuminated p-type Cadmium Telluride and p-type Indium Phosphide Electrodes in Aqueous Solutions”Chem. Interfacial Electrochem. 249(1-2), 143-53(1988).
[27] Mariani,Robert Dominick.“Electrochemistry at liquid crystal/electrode in-terfaces.”From Diss.Abstr. Int. B, 48(12),Pt. 1, 3579(1988).
[28] Mao, Junye；Li, Fenggen,“Application of Tetraalkylammonium Chloride as Coagulant Aids in Coagulation of SBR Latex”,Hecheng Xiangjiao Gongye 11(3),206-9(1988).
[29] Biedron, Ralf,“Additives for the Strengthening, Abrasion Resistance, and Waterproofing of Concrete”, Ger. Offen. DE3,723,158(Cl.C04 B24/18), 26 Jan 1989, Appl. 14 Jul 1987,2pp(CA.110:140522m).
[30] Mori, Tosiki；Suzuki, Shigeaki；Onishi, Takashi,“Preparation of Acy-loxy-Terminated Polyisoprene Derivatives as Intermediates for Drugs, Per-fumes, and Heromones”, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 63,227,546[88,227,546](Cl.C07 C67/08), 21 Sep 1988, Appl. 87/63, 420, 17 Mar 1987, 6pp(CA.111:39634v).
[31] Applegate, L. E.,“Membrane Separation process”, Chemical eng., Jun. 11(1984).
[32] 郭文正；曾添文, “薄膜分離”，高立圖書公司，臺北(1998).
[33] Hung,T.C. and T. T. Wang ,“A Study on the Behavior of Cation on Ion Exchange ,” Desalination ,21, pp.327-340 (1977).
[34] Lacey, R. E.；S. Loeb,“Industrial Process with Membranes ”, John Wiley ＆Sons Inc., N.Y.,(1972).
[35] 田中正郎, “應用電化學”, Ch. 4,復漢出版社,(1994).
[36] Grot, G. F.,“Nafion as a Separator in Electrolytic Cells” ,The Abstrate of the Electrochemical Soc. Meeting, 7 May(1986).
[37] Taguchi, Satoshi; Suetsugu, Masumi; Nagase, Tsutomu, “Manufacture of Aqueous Tetraalkylammonium Hydroxide Solutions”, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 06,25,880[94,25,880] (Cl.C25 B3/00), 01 Feb 1994, Appl. 92/184,998, 13 Jul 1992, 4pp(CA.120:283087r).
[38] Kojima, Kunihiko；Suzuki, Joji；Shida, Takeo；Imamura, Jui-chi,“Manufacture of High-Purity Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxide by Electrodialysis”, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 93,752[91 93,752 (Cl.C07 C211/62), 18 Apr 1991, Appl. 89/228,959, 04 Sep 1989, 9pp(CA.115:231682h).
[39] Rijkhof, Evert Jan；Tholen. Johannes Petrus Paulus；Van der Maas,“Method for Electrochemical Preparation of Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxide”, Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 420,331(Cl.C25 B3/00), 03 Apr 1991, GB Appl. 89/19,682, 31 Aug 1989,11pp(CA.115:101542b).
[40] Iwamoto, Hisahiko；Sada, Toshikatsu,“Electrolysis in Cell having Cation Exchangers”, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP02,115,387[90,115,387] (Cl.C25 B3/00) , 27 Apr 1990, Appl. 88/266,017, 24 Oct 1988, 5pp(CA.114:13949p).
[41] Sharifian, Hossein；Tanner, Alan R.,“Method for Purifying Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxides”, PCT Int. Appl. WO 90 06,382(Cl.C25B3/00),14 Jun 1990,US Appl. 276,651, 28 Nov 1988, 32pp(CA.113:105307k).
[42] Hossein, Sharifian；Tanner, Alan R.,“Process for Electrochemically Pre-paring Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxides”, PCT Int. Appl. WO 90 01,076(Cl.C25B3/00),08 Feb 1990,US Appl. 221,720, 20 Jul 1988, 18pp (CA.112:200749p).
[43] Takahashi, Shuji；Uchama, Minoru,“Manufacture of High-Purity Quater-nary Ammonium Hydroxides”, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 63,109,183[88,109,183] (Cl.C25 B3/00) , 13 May 1988, Appl.86/253,757, 27 Oct 1986, 3pp(CA.109: 82124z).
[44] Shimizu, Shunpei；Cho, Shunren；Yagi, Osamu,“Manutacture of Quater-nary Ammonium Hydroxide Aqueous Solution ”, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 63 24,080[88,24,080] (Cl.C25 B3/00) , 01 Feb 1988, Appl. 86/165,469, 16 Jul 1986, 5pp(CA.108: 194813j).
[45] Hale, Cecil H.；Tanner, Alan；Hale, Bryan M., “Electrochemical Method for Producing High-Purity Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxides”, U.S. us 4,714,530(Cl.204-131；C25 F5/00), 22 Dec 1987, Appl. 884,505, 1 Jul 1986,5pp(CA.108: 64672B).
[46] Kashiwase, Masaharu；Terumi,“Electrolytic Preparation of Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxides”, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP61,190,085[86,190,085] (Cl.C25 B3/00) , 23 Aug 1986, Appl.85/29,342, 19 Feb 1985, 4pp(CA.108: 102986s).
[47] Ochoa Gomez, Jose Ramon；Tarancon Estrads, Maria,“Electrolytic Prepa-ration of Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxides and Alkoxides”,Span. ES 2,019,550(Cl.C25 B3/00), 16 Jun 1991, Appl. 9,001,049,11 Apr 1990, 18pp(CA.116:58931J).
[48] Ochoa Gomez, J.R.；Tarancon Estrads, M.,“Electrosnthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxides”, J. Appl. Electrochem. 21(4),365-7(1991).
[49] Kofuch. Yasutosh；Deo, Takashi,“Electrochemical Manufacturing of High-Purity Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxide Aqueous Solution”, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 62,139,890[87 139,890](Cl.C25 B3/00), 23 Jur 1987, Appl. 85/277,888, 12 Dec 1985, 35pp(CA.107: 245184u).
[50] Kato, Tomomichi；Deo, Takashi；Terao, Hiroshi, “Electrolytic Cell for Manufacture of High-Purity Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxide”, Jpn. Ko-kai Tokkyo Koho JP 02, 129,390[90,129,390] (Cl.C25B /00), 17 May 1990, Appl. 88/282,374, 10 Nov 1988,4pp(CA.114: 13950g).
[51] Kato, Tomomichi；Yamauchi, Masaharu, Terumasa,“ Manu- facture of Tetraalkylammonium Hydroxide”, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP02, 70,080[90 70,080] (Cl.C25 B3/00) , 08 Mar 1990, Appl. 88/221,408, 06 Sep 1988, 7pp(CA.113: 200178c).
[52] Sada, Toxhikatsu；Iwamoto, Hisahiko；Deo, Takashi,“Manufacturing of High-Purity Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxide”,Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 01,87,793[89 87,793] (Cl.C25 B3/00),31 Mar 1989, JP Appl. 87/12,2238, 23 Jan 1987, 6pp(CA.112:13432y).
[53] Iwamoto, Hisahiko；Deo, Takashi；Sada, Toshikatsu,“ Manufacturing of High-Purity Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxide Using Anion Exchanger”, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP01,87,796 [89 87,796] (Cl.C25 B3/00) , 31 Mar 1989, JP Appl. 87/112,454, 11Mar 1987, 6pp(CA.111: 242643q).
[54] Iwamoto, Hisahiko；Suehiro, Mimoru；Takasaki, Yoshiharu, “Manufac-turing of High-Purity Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxide”, Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 01,108,388[89 108,388] (Cl.C25 B3/00), 25 Apr 1989, Appl. 87/262,799, 20 Oct 1987, 4pp(CA.111: 221100v).
[55] Iwamoto, Hisahiko；Deo, Takashi；Sada, Toshikatsu, “ Manufacturing of High-Purity Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxide by Electrolysis”, Jpn. Ko-kai Tokkyo Koho JP 63,213,686[88 213,686] (Cl.C25 B3/00), 06 Sep 1988, Appl. 87/43,168, 27 Feb 1987, 5pp(CA.110: 30511z).
[56] Ford, W. T.；R. J. Hauri, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,95,7381(1973).
[57] Kreshkov, A. P.；E. N. Saynshkina；B. A. Krozdov, J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 38,2357(1965).
[58] 張詠鈞,“氯化戊烷之相轉移催化醋酸根取代以合成醋酸戊酯之研究”,中央大學化工所碩士論文(1998).
[59] 郭啟忠,“季銨鹽之溶解度及其在有機相- 水相系統中之締合與分佈”, 中央大學化工碩士論文，(1996).
[60] J. O，M. Bockis；A. K. N. Reddy,“Modern Electrochemistry”,Plenum Press, New York(1970), Chap. 4.
[61] Klaus J. Vetter,“Electrochemical Kinetics”,Scripta Technica,INC., Chap. 2.
[62] Allen J. Bard ; Larry R. Faukner,“Electrochemical methods”, John Wiley and Sons,Inc.(1980),Chap.5.
[63] Robert E. Lacey and Sidney Loeb,“Industrial Processing with Membrance”, John Wiley and Sons,Inc.(1972),Chap.1.
[64] Charles M. Starks and Charles Liotta,“Phase Transfer Catalysis”New York San Francisco London(1978),Chap.2.
[65] Huang , T. C. and I. Y. Yu,“The Concentration Polarization of Electrodi-alysis in Ion Exchange Membrane Multi-Compartment Electrodia-lyzer ,”J. Chin. Inst. Chem.Eng. ,5, pp.39-48,(1974).
[66] 許習彰,“碘化四丁基銨鹽之製備與其電解- 電透析方法合成氯化四丁基銨鹽之研究”,中央大學化工所碩士論文(1999).
[67] 高志宏,“鹵化四丁基銨鹽之合成動力學、溶解、翠取及精製研究” 中央大學化工所碩士論文(2000).

指導教授

王天財(Ten-Tsai Wang)

審核日期

2006-7-22

推文