含界面活性劑水溶液中有機污染物揮發特性之探討

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：41

、訪客IP：18.117.182.179

姓名

陳秀芬(Hsiu-Fen Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

環境工程研究所

論文名稱

含界面活性劑水溶液中有機污染物揮發特性之探討
(Volatilization of Organic solutes from surfactant solutions)

相關論文

★ 工業廢水對灌溉水質影響之研究-以黃墘溪為例	★ 廢冷陰極管汞回收處理效率之研究
★ 室內懸浮微粒與生物氣膠之相關性探討-以某醫學中心為例	★ 化學機械研磨廢液對工業區污水處理效益與操作成本之影響
★ 網路數位電力監測系統於大學用電行為分析之研究	★ 光電業進行自願性碳標準(VCS)減量計畫可行性之研究
★ 污染農地整治後未能符合農用成因之探討	★ 桃園縣居家入侵紅火蟻防治方法探討
★ 印刷電路板產業濕式製程廢液回收鈀金屬可行性之研究	★ 不同表面特性黏土催化高分子凝聚劑與消毒劑(氯)反應之研究
★ 界面活性劑對土壤/水系統中有機污染物分佈行為之研究	★ 淨水程序中添加高分子凝聚劑對混凝與加氯處理效應之研究
★ 土壤無機相對揮發性有機污染物吸∕脫附行為之影響	★ 土壤對Triton 系列各EO鏈選擇性吸附之研究
★ 土壤有機質對土壤/水系統中低濃度非離子有機污染物吸附行為之研究	★ 不同表面特性黏土催化水中有機物之氯化反應研究

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

本研究群先前曾提出一個揮發模式-表面損失揮發模式，用以說明環境條件對有機物揮發速率之影響，故本研究之主要內容是延續先前之表面損失揮發模式之觀念，並利用有機化合物質傳係數KOL值之變化，解釋有機物污染物自界面活性劑水溶液中或氣相擾動條件下之揮發機制。本研究中所選擇之化合物包括相對高水溶解度(Sw)及高亨利常數(H)之單環芳香族化合物及相對低水溶解度(Sw)及低亨利常數(H)之有機氯農藥；界面活性劑為十二烷基苯磺酸鈉，其濃度則包含低於及高於臨界微胞濃度之範圍；選擇風速大小條件為0、0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0及4.0 m/s。
研究結果指出(1) 水中添加界面活性劑可有效抑制低水溶解度化合物之揮發量，對於高水溶解度之有機物抑制作用並不明顯，但是當界面活性劑濃度超過臨界微胞濃度時，低水溶解度化合物揮發量將明顯減少。(2)高亨利常數化合物在不同風速條件下之質傳係數KOL高於低亨利常數化合物，但以有風及無風條件下之KOL/KOLO比值而言，卻得到相反的結果。(3)利用化學結構相近之參考化合物，作為估算有機物自界面活性劑溶液中之揮發行為，確實是可行的。(4)溶液中同時加入界面活性劑及風速條件，可以發現有機物受風速之影響量是大於界面活性劑之抑制作用。(6)利用新建立的α值(有機物在液體交界與溶液中濃度比值)，可用來解釋當低水溶解度化合物存在於界面活性劑溶液時，此溶質也許會被濃縮於界面上。

摘要(英)

In the previous researches, a volatilization model, surface depletion rate-limiting (SDRL), has been presented to elucidate the effects of environmental conditions on volatilization rates of organic solutes. Here, the SDRL model has been extended to explain the mechanisms of organic solutes in the surfactant solution or under gas turbulence, based on the changes in overall mass transfer coefficient (KOL) of the organic solutes. The selected compounds consist of monaromatic compounds with the relatively higher water solubilities (Sw) and Henry’s law constant (H), as well as pesticides with relatively lower Sw and H. The surfactant used in this research is DBS with concentration from below critical micelle concentration (CMC) to above CMC. The wind speeds selected include 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 m/s.
The obtained results indicated that (1) the added surfactant could effectively inhibit the volatilization of the low Sw pesticides, but less-effective on the high Sw solutes. Especially, when the surfactant concentrations exceed CMC, the low Sw solutes exhibit the more volatilization reduction; (2) KOL values of high H solutes is higher than those of low H solutes under the various wind speeds, but the KOL/KOLO (wind /static) ratios show an opposite result; (3) it is feasible to estimate the KOL values of the organic solutes using those with similar chemical structure as a reference compound; (4) the effect of wind speeds on the selected solute volatilization was significant as the solutes existing in the surfactant solutions under the gas turbulence; (5) an new α value (ratio of solute concentration in bulk phase to interface phase) resulting from SDRL was established to explain the solutes possibly was concentrated at the interface when the low Sw solutes exist in the surfactant solutions.

關鍵字(中)

★ 界面活性劑
★ 表面損失揮發模式
★ 揮發
★ α值
★ 質傳係數KOL

關鍵字(英)

★ surfactant
★ α values
★ surface depletion rate-limiting
★ volatilization
★ mass transfer coefficient KOL

論文目次

第一章前言...... 1
1-1 研究緣起..... 1
1-2 研究目的..... 2
1-3 研究架構.... 4
第二章文獻回顧.. 6
2-1 基本理論介紹..6
2-1-1 勞特定律（Raoult’s Law）.... 6
2-1-2 亨利定律（Henry’s Law）.... 7
2-1-3 二層膜理論（Two-Film Theory） 7
2-1-4 表面損失揮發模式... 11
2-1-5 增溶作用... 14
2-2 界面活性劑... 15
2-2-1 界面活性劑之定義.... 15
2-2-2 界面活性劑之分類.... 16
2-2-3 臨界微胞濃度之定義.. 17
2-2-4 界面活性劑分子結構與CMC值之關係....... 21
2-2-5 界面活性劑本身的不同對增溶效應之影響.. 22
2-3 有機物之揮發 23
2-3-1 有機物自一般自然水體中揮發... 23
2-3-2 有機物自廢水中揮發.. 25
2-3-3 亨利常數與化合物揮發之相關性..26
2-4 影響揮發之因子...... 27
2-4-1 溫度影響....28
2-4-2 大分子有機物與界面活性劑..... 28
2-4-3 液相擾流... 29
2-4-4 氣相擾流... 30
第三章研究材料及步驟..... 32
3-1 實驗材料.... 32
3-1-1 有機化合物之分類.... 32
3-1-2 陰離子界面活性劑.... 35
3-1-3 其他試劑... 35
3-2 實驗設備..... 36
3-3 實驗方法..... 39
3-3-1 增溶實驗... 39
3-3-2 有機物揮發之實驗步驟 42
3-3-3 氣相擾動之控制...... 45
3-3-4 溫度控制... 45
3-3-5 取樣時間... 45
3-4 研究方法.... 46
3-4-1 質傳係數KOL計算方法 46
3-4-2 不同亨利常數化合物在風速下之揮發特性.. 46
3-4-3 界面活性劑溶液中有機物之揮發特性...... 47
第四章結果與討論 48
4-1 實驗條件測試及有機物增溶效應... 48
4-1-1 實驗條件選擇........ 48
4-1-2 一階反應測試........ 50
4-2 有機物在純水中之 KOL值 60
4-2-1 靜止條件下有機物之物化性質與KOL值之相關性...... 60
4-2-2 有機物在不同風速下KOL值增加趨勢....... 63
4-2-3 不同風速條件下有機物質傳係數比值之變化.67
4-3 有機物在界面活性劑溶液中之揮發值特性.... 72
4-3-1 有機物在界面活性劑溶液中之KOL值....... 72
4-3-2 界面活性劑對不同有機物揮發之抑制...... 79
4-3-3 添加風速條件對有機物揮發特性之比較.... 84
4-4 表面損失模式(SDRL)應用於有機物在界面活性劑溶液中揮發...... 88
4-4-1 有機物在風速與界面活性劑溶液中之KOL值. 88
4-4-2 有機物在純水中交界面濃度(α)變化....... 92
4-4-3 有機物於界面活性劑溶液中之αs 值....... 95
第五章結果與討論 99
5-1 結論 99
5-2 建議 101
參考文獻 102

參考文獻

Alschuh, J., Briiggemann, R., Santl, H., Eichihger, G., and Piringer, O.G. " Henry’s Law Constants for a Ddiverse Set of Organic Chemicals: Experimental Determination and Comparison of Estimation Method " Chemosphere, 39, 1871-1887, 1999.
Chao, H. P. and Lee, J. F. " Volatilition Reduction Effects BTEX by
Surfactant and High-Molecular-Weight Organic Compounds in
Aqueous Solutions " IWA Asia-Pacific Regional Conference
, Fukuoka, Japan, 2001.
Chao, H. P., Lee, J. F., Lee, C. K. and Huang, H. C. " Volatilization
Characteristics of Organic Compounds in the Coagulation Process",
Journal of Environmental Engineering-ASCE, 131(9), 1253-1259,
2005.
Chao, H. P. and Lee, J. F. " Effects of Dissolved Chemicals on the
Volatilization Rates of BTEX", Journal of Environment Science
and Health PartA, A35(6), 869-881, 2000.
Cheng, W. H. " Determining the equilibrium partitioning coefficient
of volatilie organic compounds at an air-water interface ",
Chemosperehe, 54, 935-942, 2005.
Chiou, C. T. " On the Validity of Codistillation Model for the
Evaporation of Pesticides and Other Solutes from Water Solution",
Environmental Science & Technology, 14, 1253-1256, 1980.
Chiou, C. T. "Evaporation of Components from a Miscible Solution ",
Environment International, 4, 15-19, 1980.
Chiou, C. T., Freed, V. H., Peters, L. J. and Kohnert, R. L.
" Evaporation of Solutes from Water", Environment International, 3,
231-235, 1980.
Chiou, C. T., Malcoim R.L., Brinton T. I. and Kile D. E. " Water
Solubility Enchancement of Some Organic Pollutants and Pesticides
by Dissolved Humic and Fulvic Acids", Environmental Science &
Technology, 20(5), 502-508, 1986.
Chiou, C.T.; Kohnert, R. L., Freed, V. H. and Tonkyn, R. G.
" Prediction of Evaporative Loss Rate of Solutes in Stagnant and
Turbulent Waters in Relation to Rates of Reference Materials ",
Environment International, 9, 13-17, 1983.
Chunlong Zhang " Micellar Partitioning and Its Effects on Henry`s Law
Constants of Chlorinated Solvents in Anionic and Nonionic
Surfactant Solutions", Environmental Science &
Technology, 40, 208-214, 2006.
Cohen, N., Cocchio, W. and Mackay, D. "Laboratory Study of
Liquid-Phase Controlled Volatilization Rates in Presence of Wind
Waves", Environmental Science & Technology, 12(5), 553-558,
1978.
Cunningham, D. " Estimation of VOC Emissions", J. Cleaner.Pord, 3(4), 225- 228, 1995.
Dawson, D. S. and Gokare, M. A. " Gaseous emissions from wastewater
facilities", Water Environ. Res., 66(4), 375- 378, 1994.
Dewulf, J., Langenhove, Y. and Heireman, B. " The Air/Water
Exchange of Volatile Organic Compounds from Water in the
Transient and Turbulent Regime", Water Research, 32(7), 2106-
2122, 1998.
Hass, B. S. and Herrmann, R. " Transport of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Between Sewage Sewer Atmosphere", Water Science and
Technology, 37(1), 295-301, 1998.
Hideakil, T. and Shuzo, O. " Measurement of the Effect of Salt on
Vapor-Liquid Equilibria by Using Headspace Gas Chromatography"
J.Chem.Eng, 48, 277-279, 2003.
Hsieh, C. C., Babcock, Jr. R. W. and Stenstorm, M. K. " Estimating
Semivolatile Organic Compound Emission rate and Oxygen
Transfer Coefficients in Diffused Aeration", Water Environment
Research, 66(3), 206- 210, 1994.
Ince, N. and Inel, Y. " A Semi-Empircal Approach to Relate the Volatilization Rates of Organic Chemicals to Their Physical Properties", Water Research, 25, 903-909, 1991.
Jafvert, C. T. " Sediment-and Saturated-Soil-Associated Reactions
Involving an Anionic Surfactant (Dodecylsulfate).2.Partition of
PAH Compounds among Phases", Environmental Science &
Technology, 25(6), 1039-1045, 1991.
Kile, D. E. and Chiou, C. T. " Water Solubility Enhancements of DDT
And Trichlorobenzene by Some Surfactznts Below and Above the
Critical Micelle Concentration", Environmental Science &
Technology, 23(5), 502-508, 1989.
Lee, C. K., Chao, H. P. and Lee, J. F. " Effects of Organic Solutes Properties on the Volatilization Processes from Water Solutions" Water Research, 38, 365-374, 2004b.
Lee, J. F., Chao, H. P., Chiou, C. T. and Manes, M. " Turbulence
Effects on Volatilization Rates of Liquids and Solutes",
Environmental Science & Technology, 38, 4327-4333, 2004a.
Liss, P. S. and Slater, P. G. " Flux of Gases across the Air-Sea Interface"
Nature, 247, 181-184, 1974.
Li, J. L., Chen, B. H. " Solubilization of model polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbonsby nonionicsurfactants" Chemical Engineering
Science, 57, 2825-2835, 2002.
Mackay, D. and Yuen, A. T. K. " Mass Transfer Coefficient for
Volalization of Orangic Solutes from Water" Environmental Science
& Technology, 17(4), 211-216, 1983.
Makcay, D. and Leinonen, P. J. " Rate of Evaporation of Low-Solubility
Contaminants fromWater Bodirs to Atmosphere", Environmental
Science & Technology, 25, 127-133, 1975.
Melcer, H. " Monitoring and Modeling VOCs in Wastewater Facilities"
Environmental Science ? Technology, 28(7), 328-335, 1994.
Milton, J. Rosen " A Simple Method To Estimate the Surfactant
Micelle-Water Distribution Coefficients of Aromatic Hydrocarbons"
Langumuir, 16, 3595-3605, 2000.
Munz, C. and Roberts, P. " Gas-and Liquid-Phase Mass Transfer
Resistances of OrganicCompounds During Mechanical Surfance
Aeration", 23(5), 589-601, 1989.
Peng, J., Bewtra, J. K. and Biswas, N. " Volatilization of Selected
Organic Compounds from Quiedcent Water" Water Environment
Engineering-ASCE, 120(3), 662-669, 1994.
Paria, S. and Yuet, P. K., " Solubilization of Naphthalene by Pure and
Mixed Surfactants " Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45, 3552-3558, 2006.
Rajesh Shah and P. Neogi " Interfacial Resistance in Solubilization
Kinetics", EJournal of Colloid Interface Science, 253, 443-454,
2005.
Rathbun, R. E. " Prediction of Stream Volatilization Coefficients”,
Journal of Environmental Engineering-ASCE, 116(3), 615-631,
1990.
Rathbun, R. E. and Tai, D. Y. " Gas-film Coefficient for Volatilization
of Ethylene Dibromide from Water", Environmental Science ?
Technology, 20(9), 949-952, 1986.
Rathbun, R. E. and Tai, D. Y. " Volatilization of Ethylene Dibromide
from Water", Environmental Science ? Technology, 21(3),
248-252, 1987.
Rathbun, R. E." Volatilization of Organic Compounds from Steam",
Journal of Environmental Engineering-ASCE, 108(5), 973-989,
1982.
Reid, R.C., Prausnitz, J. M. and Sherwood, T. K. "The properties of Gases and Liquid ", McGraw-Hill, New York, 1997.
Smith, J. H., Bomberger, D. C. and Haynes, D. L. " Predication of the
Volatilization Rate of High-Volatility Chemicals from Natural
Water Bodies", Environmental Science ? Technology, 14(11),
1332-1336, 1980.
Smith, J. H., Bomberger, D. C., Haynes, D. L. " Predication of the Volatilization Rate of Intermediate and Low Volatility Chemicals from Natural Water Bodies" Chemosphere, 10(3), 281-289, 1981.
Southworth, G. R. " The Role of Volatilization in Removing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon from Aquatic Environments", Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 21, 507-514, 1979.
Tsutomu, S. and William, A. A., " Measurement and Estimation of
Henry、s Law Constants of Chlorinated Ethylenes in Surfactant
Solutions", J. Chem. Eng. Date, 48, 253-261, 2003.
Vane, L. M. and Giroux, E. L. " Henry’s Law Constants and Micellar
Partitioning of Volatile Organic Compound in Surfactant Solutions", Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 45, 38- 47, 2000.
Zhou, W. J., Zhu, L. H., " Solubilization of pyrene by anionic-nonionic
mixed surfactants" Journal of Hazardous Materials, 213-220,
2004.
Zytner, R. G., Madani-Isfahani, M. R. and Corsi, L. " Oxygen Uptake
and VOC Emissions at Enclosed sewer Drop Structure", Water
Environment Research, 69(3), 286-294, 1997.
連文琪, "有機物於不同環境條件下揮發特性之探討",國立中央大
學環境工程研究所碩士論文,民國九十二年七月
陳道達譯，物理化學的世界，初版，民國87年，國立編譯館。（1998）
趙煥平,"有機物自水中揮發之研究",國立中央大學環境工程研究所
博士論文,民國九十二年十一月

指導教授

李俊福(Jiunn-Fwu Lee)

審核日期

2006-7-24

推文