在StrongARM-based核心平台進行差別式服務邊界路由器之實作及效能評比

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姓名

陳志遠(Zhi-Yuan Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

資訊工程學系

論文名稱

在StrongARM-based核心平台進行差別式服務邊界路由器之實作及效能評比
(Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Diffserv Edge Router over StrongARM-based Core Platforms)

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摘要(中)

近年來，隨著網路的蓬勃發展，網路上的應用也愈趨多元化，除了傳統的資料數據之外，像是多媒體資訊、VoIP、視訊會議、遠距教學、VPN等此類的新一代以資源需求為主的多媒體應用程式，更是以驚人之速度快速成長，網路使用者若能依據不同應用的應用特性來分配頻寬的多少與使用頻寬的優先權，將可對網路資源作合理而有效的運用。
StrongARM-based網路處理器已漸漸成為傳統以ASIC為主要來處理用戶層面封包(user plane)的另一可程式化的選擇。它利用協同處理器(coprocessors)協助處理原本一般用途處理器(general-purpose processor)所負責的用戶層面的封包。在本論文中我們提出基於Diffserv Edge Routers分類及排程處理效能之研究，實作於StrongARM-based Core嵌入式開發平台。本論文分別採用Intel兩種不同系列的網路處理器做為我們的研究平台，研究差別式服務封包在NPE-based Ethernet及Microengine處理上的流程及造成效能瓶頸的所在。在封包處理上，採用聚集(Aggregate)和PHB(Per Hop Behavior)進行分類及排程，以提供一定程度上的QoS保證。另外，我們也指出在頻寬管理方面採用不同的佇列排程方式所產生的效能瓶頸。其中HTB的產出標準差遠比CBQ的產出標準差小13.98倍。以及經由內部測試，量測出在Diffserv封包傳輸，當涉及眾多規則表查詢及計算時，SRAM和Microengine則分別為IXP2400效能瓶頸，最後針對IXP425平台設計9項實驗驗證本系統的正確性並探討其效能。

摘要(英)

In recent years, with the flourishing development of the network, the network applications tend to pluralism too. Besides traditional materials data, as if the application program of multimedia, VoIP, Video Conference, long-distance teaching, VPN, etc., these new multimedia application program on the basis of resource request grow up fast at the surprising speed even more. If network user can distribute the bandwidth and the usage priority according to different application characteristics that use, can make rational and effective application to resources of the network.
Network Processors are emerging as a programmable alternative to the traditional ASIC-based solutions in scaling up the user-plane processing of network services. They serve as co-processors to offload user-plane traffic from the original general-purpose microprocessor. In this work, we illustrate the classification and scheduling performance research on Diffserv Edge Routers. And implement on StrongARM-based core embedded development platforms. We adopt Intel two different series Network Processors as our research platforms. Research the processing procedures and performance bottlenecks of Differentiated Service packets on NPE-based Ethernet and Microengines respectively. In the packets processing procedures, adopt aggregate and PHB to offer the guaranteed QoS. Besides, we also point out the performance bottlenecks by adopting different Queuing scheduling on bandwidth management. And through internal benchmarks, we found that when the Diffserv packets involve several rules and calculations, SRAM and microengine are the main components of the performance bottlenecks. Finally, we design 9 experiments to verify the correctness and performance issues of our system.

關鍵字(中)

★ 系統單晶片
★ StrongARM
★ 網路處理器
★ 服務品質
★ 差別式服務

關鍵字(英)

★ Differentiated Service
★ QoS
★ Network Processor
★ StrongARM
★ SoC

論文目次

Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Quality of Service on Network Processor Platforms 1
1.2 Motivation 2
1.3 Goals 3
1.4 Thesis Organization 4
Chapter 2. Background and Related Work 5
2.1 Architecture of Intel IXP425 6
2.1.1　StrongARM Core 7
2.1.2　Network Processing Engines (NPEs) 8
2.1.3　Memory Management Unit (MMU) 9
2.1.4　Typical Packet Transfer Scenarios 12
2.1.5　Performance Monitor Unit (PMU) 13
2.2 Architecture of Intel IXP2400 14
2.2.1　Hardware Architecture of IXP2400 16
2.2.2　Microengines 17
2.2.3　Detail Packet Flow in IXP2400 21
2.2.4　 Programming Models and Environment 22
2.2.4.1　 Building an Application 22
2.2.4.2　 Intel IXA Portability Framework 24
2.2.4.3　 Developing Microblock (IXA SDK) 25
2.2.5　 Diffserv Data and Control Plane in IXP2400 26
2.2.5.1　 Diffserv Data Plane 27
2.2.5.2　 Diffserv Control Plane 29
2.3 Integrated Service 30
2.3.1　Integrated Service Drawbacks 31
2.4 Differentiated Service 32
2.4.1　 Per Hop Behavior 34
2.4.1.1　 Assured Forwarding 34
2.4.1.2　 Expedited Forwarding 35
2.4.2　 Diffserv Building Blocks 35
2.4.2.1　 Classification 36
2.4.2.2　 Conditioning 36
2.4.3　 Active Queue Management 38
2.4.3.1　 Random Early Detection 39
2.4.4　 Scheduling 40
2.4.4.1　 First Come First Served 40
2.4.4.2　 Priority Queuing 41
2.4.4.3　 Fair Queuing 42
2.4.4.4　 Weighted Fair Queuing 43
2.4.4.5　 Round Robin Scheduling 45
2.4.4.6　 Class Based Queuing 46
2.4.4.7　 Hierarchical Token Bucket 47
2.4.5　 Differentiated Services on Linux Platforms 50
Chapter 3. Implementation of Differentiated Services on StrongARM based Platforms 53
3.1 Implementation Environment and Requirement Analysis 55
3.2 Operating System Board Support Packages 56
3.3 IXP4XX Software Toolkit Architecture 58
3.4 A Simple Application Using Ethernet Transmit/Receive 61
3.5 Implementation Issues 63
3.2.1　Queue Operations 63
3.2.2　Output Buffer Model 64
3.6 Linux Traffic Control 66
Chapter 4. Measurement Setup 70
4.1 Traffic Tracing and Analysis Tools 70
4.1.1　Packet Capturing 70
4.1.2　MGEN 71
4.1.3　Smartbits 72
4.2 Technology and Topology 72
4.3 Baseline Delay Measurements 73
4.4 Traffic Sources 74
4.4.1　Voice over IP 75
4.4.1.1　Perceptual Speech Quality Measure 75
4.4.2　Video Streaming 76
4.4.3　World Wide Web 77
4.4.4　File Transfer Protocol 78
4.4.5　Background Traffic 78
4.5 Measurement Procedure 79
4.6 Terminology 80
4.6.1　Delay 80
4.6.2　Jitter 80
4.6.3　Packet Loss 81
4.6.4　Throughput 81
4.6.5　Latency 81
Chapter 5. Experimental Results and Performance Evaluation 82
5.1 The Level of Differentiation 85
5.1.1　Best Effort Model 85
5.1.2　Two Class Model (BE, EF) 90
5.1.3　Three Class Model (BE, EF, AF) 98
5.1.4　Four Class Model (BE, EF, AF11, AF12) 103
5.2 Experiment 1: Building Embedded Development Platforms and Network Environment 111
5.3 Experiment 2: Using CBQ for Bandwidth Management 117
5.4 Experiment 3: Using CBQ with Route Classifier Application 122
5.5 Experiment 4: Using HTB Queuing Discipline to Implement Hierarchical Link-Sharing Queuing Structure 128
5.6 Experiment 5: A Full NAT Solution with QoS 137
5.7 Experiment 6: DSMARK Implementation 145
5.8 Experiment 7: Expedited Forwarding PHB Guarantee Real Time Services 148
5.9 Experiment 8: Assured Forwarding PHB Guarantee Non-Real Time Applications 152
5.10 Experiment 9: All PHBs Guarantee Real Time and Non-Real Time Applications 154
Chapter 6. Intel IXP2400 with Diffserv Strategies 159
6.1 Hardware Overview 160
6.2 Mapping Diffserv Frameworks 161
6.2.1　Ingress Network Processor 161
6.2.2　Egress Network Processor 164
6.3 Internal Benchmark and Bottleneck Discussions 165
6.3.1　Simulation Model 166
6.3.2　Simulation Result – Ingress Router 167
6.3.3　Simulation Result – Egress Router 175
6.4 Performance Evaluation with ADLink IXP2400 179
6.4.1　Porting Procedures with ADLink IXP2400 180
6.4.2　Benchmark and Simulation Results 184
Chapter 7. Conclusions and Future Works 189
References 191
Appendix 196

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指導教授

周立德(Li-Der Chou)

審核日期

2006-7-25

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