比較集集地震引致紅菜坪地滑及九份二山地滑特性之研究

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李旺儒(Wang-Ru Lee) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

比較集集地震引致紅菜坪地滑及九份二山地滑特性之研究
(Influence of geological factors on the kinematics of the neighboring Jiufengershan and Hungtsaiping landslides trigged by Chi-Chi earthquake)

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摘要(中)

1999年9月21日集集大地震重創台灣，除造成草嶺與九份二山兩處大山崩外，同時也使中部山區發生數千處大小不一的山崩。李錦發等人以數值航測技術進行山崩立體判釋，圈繪紅菜坪地滑分佈位置及影響範圍，根據其圈繪結果，紅菜坪地滑地之滑動面積廣達100多公頃，此與滑動面積亦超過100公頃之九份二山只相距約2公里。然而，根據區域地質圖以及地形圖，得知九份二山與紅菜坪現地地質、地形條件類似，受集集地震之影響也相似，但紅菜坪之滑動相對於九份二山山崩卻較緩慢，造成兩大型山崩之運動特性差一之原因值得深入探究。本研究根據現地調查確認紅菜坪地滑之滑動區域面積約88.6公頃，滑動材料則為厚層崩積層，根據滑動體地表位移方向及地形特徵，研究將紅菜坪滑動塊體分為三塊（滑動塊體A、滑動塊體B、滑動塊體C），其中滑動塊體A主要為崩積層沿頁岩層面滑動。其次蒐集中央氣象局於紅菜坪地滑地以及九份二山地滑地附近之強震資料(12地震測站)，除分析強震資料之方向性外，並利用累積位移分析法計算強震引致邊坡位移之方向性。結果發現水平加速度、艾氏震度以及邊坡永久位移之最大值幾乎分佈於E ~W及WNW ~ ESE等方向。本研究定量計算集集地震對紅菜坪地滑地及九份二山地滑地運動特性之影響，逆分析結果顯示，九份二山之破壞摩擦角比紅菜坪大2.6°，根據引入速度相關摩擦率累積位移量計算結果，得知九份二山之地質材料對於滑動速度之影響比對紅菜坪影響敏感，由此可知，此二大型滑動之運動特性與震波方向、坡向、地質材料以及構造特性皆有相當大的關係。

摘要(英)

The Chi-Chi Earthquake (Mw=7.6) of September 21, 1999 triggered many landslides in central Taiwan. Two of these landslides, Hungtsaiping and Jiufengershan were gigantic landslides. The distance between these two landslides is 2km. The kinematic of these two landslides is significant different. Jiufengershan landslide was a catastrophic rockslide-avalanche and the Hungtsaiping landslide was relatively slow-moving. This research explores the geological factors accounts for the differences. Factors such as the characteristics of strong-motion, geology and geomorphology were considered in the study. Based on the site investigation, the mechanism of Hungtsaiping landslide is studied. The sliding area is 88.6ha. Three slid masses(slid mass A, slid mass B, slid mass C) are identified. Thick colluvium sliding along bedding plane of shale are also identified.
An analysis of 12 strong-motion records collected in the concern area showed that the distribution of horizontal pseudostatic coefficients and earthquake energy ratio were anisotropic. The principal direction of strong-motion is mostly in the E/W~ESE/WNW trending. The maximum permanent displacements computed using the strong-motion records and a modified sliding-block method were also direction-dependent and oriented in the trend of E/W~ESE/WNW. This direction is perpendicular to the trend of the main geological structures of the studied area.
The back calculated friction angle that corresponds to a critical land mass displacement for the Jiufengershan landslide is about 2.6º larger than that of Hungtsaiping landslide. The material on the sliding surface in Jiufengershan should be more velocity-dependent than that of the Hungtsaiping landslide according to the back calculations. The difference of the friction angles of the sliding surface of two study landslides. The difference of the friction angles of the sliding surface of two study landslides is oriented from the different slid materials. The importance of direction-dependent strong-motion, slope aspect, and mechanical properties of sliding surface on the kinematics of two nearby deep-seated landslides is demonstrated.

關鍵字(中)

★ 速度相關摩擦率
★ 集集地震
★ 累積位移分析法
★ 邊坡穩定
★ 地震測站異象性
★ 紅菜坪地滑
★ 九份二山地滑

關鍵字(英)

★ Slope Stability
★ Jiufengershan landslide
★ Hungtsaiping landslide
★ Anistropic strong-motion
★ Chi-Chi earthquake
★ Velocity-dependent friction law
★ Newmark method

論文目次

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xii
表目錄 xii
第一章緒論 1
1.1研究動機與目的 1
1.2 論文格式及內容 2
1.3 研究架構流程圖 4
第二章文獻回顧 5
2.1 集集地震誘發之山崩 5
2.1.1集集地震概述 5
2.1.2台灣中部之區域地質概況 7
2.1.3集集地震山崩災害 8
2.2 兩大型地滑鄰近地區區域地質 10
2.2.1地層 10
2.2.2 地質構造 15
2.3 九份二山大型順向坡滑動 18
2.3.1 九份二山崩塌區地形與地質 18
2.3.2 九份二山崩塌機制 22
2.4 紅菜坪地滑 23
2.4.1 紅菜坪地滑地之滑動範圍 23
2.4.2 紅菜坪地滑區地質特性 26
2.5 地震誘發山崩之相關研究 27
2.6 Newmark位移分析法 28
2.6.1 Newmark位移分析法基本概念 29
2.6.2 未考慮垂直加速度Newmark位移分析法之演算 32
2.6.3 考慮垂直加速度Newmark位移分析法之演算 34
2.7速度相關摩擦率 36
2.7.1 速度相關摩擦率簡介 37
2.7.2 a、b、L參數探討 40
第三章紅菜坪地滑區地質調查 42
3.1 航照判釋 42
3.2 地表地質調查 44
3.2.1 工作底圖 45
3.2.2現地調查 45
3.3鑽探調查 53
3.3.1 鑽孔位置、深度以及水壓計之埋設 53
3.3.2崩積層之分類 57
3.4 地球物理探測 59
3.5紅菜坪地區地質解釋 62
3.5.1紅菜坪地質構造及岩層分佈之探討 62
3.5.2 紅菜坪地質圖 66
3.5.3 集集地震誘發紅菜坪地滑範圍 70
3.5.4 滑動塊體分區 71
第四章集集地震對兩邊坡影響分析 73
4.1 地震波特性對兩山崩影響之定性分析 73
4.1.1選取之地震測站 73
4.1.2集集地震主震加速度記錄 76
4.1.3 水平加速度值之方向性 77
4.1.4艾氏震度之方向性分析 80
4.2地震特性對兩大型山崩之影響- Newmark位移分析法定量結果 84
4.2.1 Newmark 位移分析法演算過程 84
4.2.2 程式計算與驗證 85
4.2.3 Newmark位移分析結果 86
4.2.4滑動面之抗剪摩擦角逆分析 89
4.3 兩大型山崩滑動距離、滑動速度與摩擦角之變化 91
4.4 分析結果綜合討論 97
4.4.1 車籠埔斷層上、下盤地震測站記錄集集地震特性比較 97
4.4.2震波之方向性對不同方向邊坡之影響 97
4.4.3 滑動材料對Newmark位移之影響 99
第五章結論與建議 101
5.1 結論 101
5.2 建議 102
參考文獻 103
附錄(A) 永祿溪下游沿線露頭 108
附錄(B) 岩心紀錄 117
附錄(C) Foartran程式碼 142

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指導教授

董家鈞(Jia-Jyun Dong)

審核日期

2006-7-22

推文