博碩士論文 942203035 詳細資訊




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姓名 林家瑞(Chia-Jui Lin)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 化學學系
論文名稱 以液相層析質譜儀分析六溴環十二烷之方法開發及研究
(Determination of the Flame Retardant Hexabromocyclododecane in Sediments by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry)
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摘要(中) 六溴環十二烷(Hexabromocyclododecane, HBCD)是目前工業上最常用的添加型耐燃劑之一。六溴環十二烷具有價格便宜,效果良好以及使用方便的特色,因此被廣泛的添加於電子產品及紡織品的塑膠中,作為防火耐燃劑。過去的研究顯示,因為有明顯的生物累積效應,它的濃度在食物鏈越末端會越高。過去的毒性研究則顯示六溴環十二烷具有干擾生物體內分泌的特性,以及可能為人體致癌物。由於過去台灣還沒有針對環境中六溴環十二烷相關研究,因此,有必要發展一套監測環境中六溴環十二烷濃度的方法。我們的實驗目的即是開發一套檢測固態樣品中,六溴環十二烷含量的檢測方法。
在實驗的第一部份,我們成功的分離了三種立體異構物,並且確定了三種異構物的滯留時間,層析峰的半高寬約在0.2到0.3分鐘之間。第二部分我們比較了大氣壓力光游離介面(Atmospheric Pressure Photo Ionization, APPI)與電灑游離介面(Electrospray Ionization, ESI),發現兩種游離介面都可以用來進行六溴環十二烷的游離工作。大氣壓力光游離介面有較好的線性範圍以及較不容易受到基質干擾,但是即使以加入正辛烷作為摻雜劑的方式提昇大氣壓力光游離介面的訊號強度,電灑游離介面依然有遠低於大氣壓力光游離介面的偵測極限 (limit of detection, LOD)。接下來我們比較了加壓溶液萃取法(pressure liquid extraction, PLE)與索氏萃取法(soxhlet extraction, SE)的萃取效果,在最佳化的萃取條件下,對三種立體異構物加壓溶液萃取的回收率均高於58 %,相對標準偏差值(RSD)介於1.9%-5.6%之間。對三種立體異構物索氏萃取的回收率均高於 61.8%,相對標準偏差值(RSD)介於2.7%-14.9%之間。兩種萃取方法均能有效的萃取樣品中的六溴環十二烷,但由於加壓溶液萃取較節省溶劑以及萃取時間,因此為較好的萃取方法。我們也單獨測定了淨化步驟的回收率,對於三種立體異構物淨化步驟的回收率均大於86%,相對標準偏差值(RSD)介於2.7%-6.3%.之間,顯示淨化步驟對回收率的損失只有很小的影響。最後,我們將標準品加入真實樣品中,可以得到可接受的回收率,證明我們的方法的確適用於樣品中六溴環十二烷的檢測。然而在已測試的底泥樣品中,我們還沒有測到六溴環十二烷的存在。
摘要(英) HBCD is one of the important class of additive flame retardants in commerce. Because it is a cheap, reliable compoundd and is easy to be used by adding directly, HBCD is widely used in the plastic of electric products and textile industries as a flame retardant. Because of it’s lipophilic property and structure stability, it behaves remarkable bioaccumulation. Previous studies have shown that concentrations of HBCD are rising alone the food chain. Some toxic researchs heve shown that it has the risk to effect endocrine system of animal or it may be as a carcinogen. Consequently, it is necessary to develop analytical methods for routinely determining the levels of HBCD in Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to develop a reliable method for routinely determining the levels of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in solid samples.
In the first part of our study, we separated the three disastereomers and identify each of their retention time. The width of the half peak high is about 0.2-0.3 minutes. In the second part, we compared the ionization ability of Atmospheric Pressure Photo Ionization (APPI) and Electrospray Ionization (ESI) for HBCD. The results show that the two ion sources are both practicable for the ionization of HBCD. APPI shows a better linear dynamic range and less influences from matrix effect. However, ESI shows a much lower limit of detection (LOD). In the third part, we compared two extraction methods of soxhlet extraction (SE) and pressure liquid extraction (PLE). In optimized conditions, the recovery of PLE is more than 58%, RSD is between 1.9%-5.6%. The recovery of SE is more than 61.8%, RSD is between 2.7%-14.9%. Both of them are practicable in HBCD analysis. We also test the recovery of the clean up step. The recovery of acidic silica column is more than 86%, RSD is between 2.7%-6.3%. It means that the clean up step will not reduce the recovery of extraction dramatically. At last we proved that our method is practicable by spiking standard to sediment to get an acceptable recovery. But we still did not detect any hexabromocyclododecane in sediment samples yet.
關鍵字(中) ★ 大氣壓力光游離法
★ 索氏萃取法
★ 電灑法
★ 六溴環十二烷
★ 加壓溶液萃取法
關鍵字(英) ★ soxhlet
★ ASE
★ ESI
★ hexabromocyclododecane
★ APPI
論文目次 中文摘要 ---------------------------------------------- I
英文摘要 -------------------------------------------- III
目 錄 ---------------------------------------------- V
表 目 錄 --------------------------------------------- IX
圖 目 錄 ---------------------------------------------- X
第一章 前言 ------------------------------------------- 1
1.1 研究源起 ------------------------------------------- 1
1.2 研究目標 ------------------------------------------- 5
第二章 文獻回顧 --------------------------------------- 7
2-1 耐燃劑 --------------------------------------------- 7
2-1-1 耐燃劑簡介 --------------------------------------- 7
2-1-2 耐燃劑之分類 ------------------------------------- 8
2-1-3 溴化耐燃劑簡介 ----------------------------------- 9
2-1-4 溴化耐燃劑的毒性與管制 -------------------------- 10
2-2 六溴環十二烷 -------------------------------------- 14
2-2-1 六溴環十二烷簡介 -------------------------------- 14
2-2-2 六溴環十二烷之性質 ------------------------------ 15
2-2-3 六溴環十二烷之毒性 ------------------------------ 18
2-2-4 六溴環十二烷檢測之相關研究 ---------------------- 18
2-3 萃取法 -------------------------------------------- 23
2-3-1 加壓溶液萃取法 ---------------------------------- 23
2-3-2 索氏萃取法 -------------------------------------- 26
2-4 液相層析質譜儀 ------------------------------------ 28
2-4-1 液相層析質譜儀簡介 ------------------------------ 28
2-4-2 電灑游離界面 ------------------------------------ 29
2-4-3 大氣壓力光游離界面 ------------------------------ 31
2-4-4 離子阱質譜儀 ------------------------------------ 37
第三章 實驗步驟與樣品分析 ---------------------------- 40
3-1 實驗藥品與儀器設備 -------------------------------- 40
3-1-1 實驗藥品 ---------------------------------------- 40
3-1-2 儀器設備 ---------------------------------------- 42
3-2 實驗步驟 ------------------------------------------ 44
3-2-1 標準品的配製 ------------------------------------ 44
3-2-1.1 待測物標準品的製備 ---------------------------- 43
3-2-1.2 內標準品的製備 -------------------------------- 44
3-2-2 層析分離 ---------------------------------------- 45
3-2-3 APPI與ESI游離條件最佳化 ------------------------- 46
3-2-4 加壓溶液萃取步驟 -------------------------------- 46
3-2-5 傳統索氏萃取步驟 -------------------------------- 47
3-2-5 真實樣品的萃取與淨化 ---------------------------- 47
第四章 結果與討論 ------------------------------------ 49
4-1 層析分離 ------------------------------------------ 49
4-1-1 最佳化的層析條件 -------------------------------- 49
4-1-2 動相組成的影響 ---------------------------------- 51
4-2 電灑游離界面 -------------------------------------- 54
4-2-1 質譜圖 ------------------------------------------ 54
4-2-2 二次質譜圖 -------------------------------------- 54
4-2-3 最佳化的游離條件 -------------------------------- 57
4-2-4 偵測極限 ---------------------------------------- 57
4-3 大氣壓力光游離界面 -------------------------------- 60
4-3-1 質譜圖 ------------------------------------------ 60
4-3-2 二次質譜圖 -------------------------------------- 60
4-3-3 摻雜劑 ------------------------------------------ 63
4-3-4 最佳化的游離條件 -------------------------------- 64
4-3-5 偵測極限 ---------------------------------------- 66
4-4 加壓溶液萃取法 ------------------------------------ 69
4-4-1 萃取溶劑 ---------------------------------------- 69
4-4-2 萃取溫度 ---------------------------------------- 70
4-4-3 靜態萃取時間 ------------------------------------ 72
4-4-4 動態萃取體積 ------------------------------------ 73
4-4-5 最佳化萃取條件 ---------------------------------- 74
4-5 索氏萃取 ------------------------------------------ 76
4-5-1 萃取溶劑 ---------------------------------------- 76
4-5-2 萃取頻率 ---------------------------------------- 77
4-5-3 萃取時間 ---------------------------------------- 78
4-5-4 最佳化萃取條件 ---------------------------------- 79
4-6 真實樣品 ------------------------------------------ 81
4-6-1 基質干擾 ---------------------------------------- 81
4-6-2 淨化步驟 ---------------------------------------- 82
4-6-3 游離介面比較 ------------------------------------ 83
4-6-4 萃取方法比較 ------------------------------------ 85
第五章 結論與建議 ------------------------------------ 86
5.1 結論 ---------------------------------------------- 86
參考文獻 --------------------------------------------- 87
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指導教授 丁望賢(Wang-Hsien Ding) 審核日期 2007-6-25
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