人工髖關節雙軸向動態磨耗試驗平台開發

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姓名

郭修瑋(Shiou-Wei Kuo) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

人工髖關節雙軸向動態磨耗試驗平台開發
(Development of Dual-axial Dynamic Hip Joint Simulator)

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摘要(中)

全人工髖關節置換手術後發生植入物鬆脫現象，主要的可能原因有二：
一.
因磨耗而產生的磨屑，使周圍骨組織產生骨溶解等，造成固定失敗。
二.
因為應力遮蔽效應而造成骨質流失。
在人工髖關節的植入手術後，使得原本人體髖臼與股骨球頭之間接觸面積變小，單位面積上所承受的負荷相對提高，造成人工關節髖臼-球接觸面的磨損情形比起原本的人體髖關節更為嚴重，而人工髖關節中，髖臼-球之間的磨耗行為是造成鬆脫的一個相當重要的因素，為了降低人工髖關節在置換後的鬆脫情形，了解磨耗的行為過程進而設法改善磨耗情形，延長植入物使用的壽命，已成為現今骨科醫師與醫學工程人員的一個重大的研究方向。
本研究希望藉由簡化運動模式來製造Two-station的模擬磨耗機台。針對在生理解剖學上髖關節實際運動的情形，去設計開發一部人工髖關節的雙軸向磨耗模擬試驗平台。藉由此人工髖關節模擬磨耗試驗平台，將所得到磨耗結果，結合臨床上的磨耗數據，試圖接近人工髖關節的各種條件，例如荷重、角度，磨耗率等，實驗的結果更可以作為往後設計改進磨耗平台與人工髖關節抗磨耗材料選取之重要依據，有助於未來人工髖關節相關的研究與發展。

摘要(英)

There are two main factors causing loosening after total hip joint replacement.
1.
The wear debris which causes osteoclasis will make implant fixation failed.
2.
The osseous loss because of stress shielding.
The hip joint replacement makes acetabular cup and femur head exposing area diminish, and makes the load on unit area higher. Wearing becomes more serious than original human hip joint’s wearing. However, the behavior of wearing is a quite important factor to prosthetic loosening. In order to reduce loosening after replacing of artificial hip join, understanding the behavior of wearing and try to improve implants have become a great direction of researching orthopedists and the direction of the researchers in biomedical engineering.
This dissertation deal with using simplified motion cycles to design a two-station wear simulator. To develop a dual-axial dynamic hip joint wear simulator according to the motion of hip joint when exercising. Using the results of the wearing from the simulator, and combining with the clinical wearing data makes it close to various kinds of conditions of the artificial hip joint, such as the loading, angle, and wear rate etc. The results of the experiment can be regarded as the important basis of improving simulator and prosthetic design even more, and it also makes contribution to the research and development that the artificial hip joint is correlated with in the future.

關鍵字(中)

★ 簡化運動
★ 磨耗機
★ 髖關節

關鍵字(英)

★ two-station
★ simplified motion
★ simulator
★ hip joint

論文目次

摘要 I
目錄 III
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VIII
第一章序論 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 文獻回顧 3
1-2-1 髖關節之解剖學與病理學介紹 3
1-2-2 髖關節相關步態與生物力學 6
1-2-3 人工髖關節之磨耗現象 10
1-2-4 髖關節磨耗測試機之國際標準規範 10
1-2-5 髖關節磨耗測試機回顧 13
1-3 本文架構 20
第二章材料與方法 21
2-1 髖關節磨耗測試機之電腦模型建立 21
2-1-1 第一代髖關節磨耗試驗機的設計理念與過程 23
2-1-2 逆向設計第二代髖關節磨耗試驗機 26
2-2 電腦輔助模擬分析 31
2-2-1 彎曲和伸直方向之運動學動態模擬分析 34
2-2-2 內轉和外轉方向之運動學動態模擬分析 38
2-3 運動曲線評估指標 41
第三章結果 46
3-1 第一代髖關節磨耗試驗機 46
3-2 第二代髖關節磨耗試驗機 50
第四章討論 54
4-1 正常步態運動型式磨耗試驗機台文獻比較 54
第五章結論與未來展望 62
參考文獻 63

參考文獻

[1] John W. Hole, Jr., Karen A. Koos, Human Anatomy，胡銘一、孫穆乾、陳懿慧等譯，藝軒出版社，民國81年
[2] Martini, Bartholomew, Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology，林自勇、鄧志娟、陳瑩玲等譯，解剖生理學，全威圖書，民國九十二年
[3] Susan J. Hall, Basic Biomechanics, New York, 2003
[4] P. Bowker, D. N. Condie, D. L. Bader, D. J. Pratt, W. A. Wallace, Biomechanical Basic of Orthotic Management, OXFORD, 1993
[5] Paul, J. P. Force actions transmitted by joints in the human body, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 1976, 192(1107), 163–172.
[6] American Society for Testing and Materials F 1714 – 96 “Standard Guide for Gravimetric Wear Assessment of Prosthetic Hip-Designs in Simulator Devices ”(Reapproved 2002)
[7] ISO 14242-1 “Implants for surgery — Wear of total wear-testing machines and corresponding environmental conditions for test hip-joint prostheses” 2002.03
[8] V. Saikko, “A three-axis hip joint simulator for wear and friction studies on total hip prostheses.” Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 1996, 210(H3), 175–185
[9] V. Saikko and T Ahlroos, “Type of motion and lubricant in wear simulation of polyethylene acetabular cup” Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine 1999, 213,301-310
[10] C Liu, S M Green, N D Watkins, P J Gregg and A W McCaskie “A preliminary hip joint simulator study of the migration of a cemented femoral stem” Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine 2003, 217,127-135
[11] S L Smith, I C Burgess and A Unsworth “Evaluation of a hip joint simulator”, Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine 1999, 213,127-135
[12] P SM Barbour, MH Stone and J Fisher “A hip joint simulator study using simplified loading and motion cycles generating physiological wear paths and rates” Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine 1999, 213,455-467
[13] P SM Barbour, MH Stone and J Fisher “A hip joint simulator study using new and physiologically scratched femoral heads with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular cups” Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine 2000, 214,569-576
[14] O. Calonius, V. Saikko “Analysis of Relative Motion between Femoral Head and Acetabular Cup and Advances in Computation of the Wear Factor for the Prosthetic Hip Joint” Published in Acta Polytechnica vol.43, 2003 , No.4,43-54
[15] O. Calonius, V. Saikko “Slide track analysis of eight contemporary hip simulator designs” Journal of Biomechanics 35 (2002) 1439–1450
[16] Maquet, P. G. J. “Biomechanics of the Hip”, 1985 (Springer- Verlag, Berlin).
[17] M. Viceconti, G. Cavallotti and A. O. Adrisano, ”Discussion on the design of a hip joint simulator. Med. Engng Physics”, 1996, 18, 234–240.

指導教授

鄔蜀威、林上智
(Shu-Wei Wu、Shang-Chih Lin)

審核日期

2007-7-23

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