預力混凝土箱型梁橋外置預力補強之監測與分析

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陳志賢(Chih-Shian Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

預力混凝土箱型梁橋外置預力補強之監測與分析
(Health Monitoring of a PSC Box Girder Viaduct Retrofittedby External Postensioning Tendons)

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摘要(中)

本研究於台灣某橋設計並建置橋梁健康監測系統，記錄橋梁使用外置預力補強過程的短期與完工後的長期行為，監測項目包含溫度計、應變計與傾斜計，監測項目包含大氣溫度、箱梁溫度、橋體溫度、箱梁應變與縱向、橫向轉角，其中傾斜計的縱向轉角進一步以二次撓曲線近似法計算出橋體位移。兩年半的監測資料中，包含了外置預力補強過程的橋體應變及完工後的長期位移與應變。因大跨度箱型梁橋的變形受到溫度的影響相當顯著，容易影響資料的判讀，本研究中以全相經驗模態分解法（ensemble empirical mode decomposition, EEMD）作為資料分析的主要方法，將監測資料拆解成為數個本質函數，並進一步應用其中的日週期與年週期的分量進行分析。在本案例中，橋梁長期位移主要受到環境溫度與外置預力損失的影響，研究中以年週期的溫度與位移關係進行回歸，得到兩者間的關係後，用於消除位移資料中的長期溫度影響，使資料更容易研判預力損失的影響；日週期應變資料則應用於計算橋梁斷面中性軸位置，中性軸位置為斷面勁度的重要參數，因此可以作為橋梁的狀況指標。

摘要(英)

A 889 days performance evaluation of a prestressed concrete box girder viaduct retrofitted by external postensioning tendons is presented in this thesis. A PC viaduct exhibits substantial vertical deflection ever since construction completion. External postensioning tendons were designed and installed to increase the load carrying capacity and to lessen the deflection of the bridge. Deflection curves are calculated based on an approximation model using the tilting angles measured at five points along the girder. In this case, the deflection of bridge varies due to two chief parameters, prestress loss and temperature changes, in the long-term monitoring data. To extract the prestress-loss part in overall deflection data, the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method is used. Finite intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) without mode mixing were then obtained by EEMD method. Daily and annual components were identified from IMFs and applied in calculating the variation of neutral axis position of cross-section with time and eliminating thermal effects from deflection data. The data analysis process and monitoring program is introduced in this thesis.

關鍵字(中)

★ 橋梁補強
★ 預力損失
★ 溫度效應
★ 經驗模態分解法
★ 外置預力
★ 橋梁健康監測

關鍵字(英)

★ thermal effect
★ Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition
★ bridge strengthening
★ external tendons
★ bridge health monitoring

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第1章簡介 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 論文架構 3
第2章文獻回顧 4
2.1 預力混凝土橋 4
2.1.1 預力損失 5
2.2 橋梁過大撓度原因探討 8
2.3 外置預力補強 10
2.3.1 外置預力簡介 10
2.3.2 外置預力的二次彎矩效應 14
2.4 橋梁健康監測 14
2.5 經驗模態分解法 17
2.5.1 全相經驗模態分解法 20
2.5.2 全相經驗模態分解法之後處理 21
2.6 梁彎曲基本理論 22
2.6.1 預力混凝土梁的撓曲行為 26
第3章外置預力補強設計與監測系統 29
3.1 標的橋梁簡介 29
3.1.1 橋梁現況 31
3.2 外置預力補強設計 34
3.2.1 數值分析 35
3.3 監測系統架構 40
3.3.1 監測項目 40
3.3.2 感測器安裝與配置 42
3.3.3 資料擷取 47
3.3.4 二次曲線撓度計算法理論與驗證 47
3.4 監測資料成果 50
3.4.1 施工過程應變變化 51
3.4.2 長期應變資料 58
3.4.3 長期傾斜角資料 64
3.4.4 長期溫度資料 65
3.4.5 長期位移 66
3.4.6 小結 66
第4章訊號分析 68
4.1 溫度資料分析 68
4.1.1 溫度與橋梁反應 68
4.1.2 訊號分析 73
4.2 中性軸分析 78
4.2.1 應變中的日週期分量 78
4.2.2 計算中性軸位置 81
4.3 消除監測資料中溫度的影響 83
第5章結論與建議 90
5.1 結論 90
5.2 建議 91
參考文獻 93
附錄 A 各監測資料之IMF A-1
附錄 B 橋梁竣工圖及外置預力補強設計圖 B-1

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指導教授

王仲宇(Chung-Yue Wang)

審核日期

2012-8-28

推文