海陸風對台灣沿海地區空氣品質之影響

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：10

、訪客IP：3.144.238.20

姓名

江宙君(Chou-Chun Chiang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

大氣物理研究所

論文名稱

海陸風對台灣沿海地區空氣品質之影響
(The impact of sea-land breeze on air quality in Taiwan coastland areas)

相關論文

★ 東亞出流對春季大台北地區臭氧的影響	★ 地面風及溫度納進對台灣空氣品質模擬的影響
★ 台灣地區PAMS觀測資料之顯著性和規律性的分析與探討	★ 北台灣地區臭氧汙染之季節效應與東亞汙染出流之影響
★ PAMS光化評估測站揮發性有機物模擬及模式發展

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

台灣四面環海，易引發由於比熱不同所引起的局部環流，如海陸風。沿海地區，海陸風為污染物重要傳輸因子之一。在台北地區及高屏地區高污染源之沿海地區，由於海陸風的發生對於空氣品質的影響，為本文討論之重點。
本研究探討，在海陸風發生日時，沿海地區污染物，臭氧的變化。首先依據海陸風發生成因、發生情況，以及整理許多研究所定義之海陸風，作為本研究所定義海陸風發生日。以沿海測站為中心，將垂直於平行海岸線之角度為中心，各取一百度，來作為海風及陸風風向。在日間發生陸風風向轉為海風風向，夜間發生海風風向轉為陸風風向，須同一天均發生，風向轉變須維持三小時，風速方面不得大於4 m/s，作為海陸風發生日之條件。
以觀測資料月平均24小時時序圖與測站時序資料，分析海陸風發生日與非海陸風發生日時，臭氧的變化，可由觀測資料分析中得知，在台北地區夜間發生陸風時，從內陸吹進一氧化氮將沿海地區臭氧消耗，故在夜間，海陸風發生日時的臭氧會比非海陸風發生日時低。在夏季時，由於台北地區污染範圍擴大，沿海地區亦為污染範圍內，故在台北地區夏季時，海陸風之發生未產生明顯的影響。高屏地區由於污染源位於沿海地區，故於高屏地區，海陸風未造成不同污染程度的影響。
模擬2003年海陸風發生日中，發現海風環流於日間時，會將內陸城市區域之污染物傳送至上空，經由海風環流於沿海以及海洋降下來，造成沿海地區於海風發生時，污染濃度增加。
由觀測資料得知，若污染源距離沿海區有一段距離時，內陸之污染物會經由海陸風傳輸。夜間經由陸風將內陸污染物傳送至沿海地區，與臭氧反應，使得臭氧濃度降低，而到了日間，陸風轉為海風，由模式結果可得知，海風將前一天海上之污染物吹進來，並且海風環流可將內陸污染物從上空帶至沿海近地表處，增加沿海地區污染物濃度。又由觀測資料分析結果中，發現污染源擴大至近海地區時，由於海陸風將其污染物的傳輸時，沿海地區均處於污染範圍內，故海陸風之發生於沿海地區未產生不同污染程度之影響。

摘要(英)

Taiwan is surrounded by sea, where local circulation is easily formed. One of the typical examples is the sea-land breeze, which is also one of the most significant factors for transport pollutant in the coastland. In the area of Taipei and Kaoping in the Taiwan have high pollution source. This paper will focus on the influence of sea-land breeze on air quality over highly polluted area of Taipei and Kaoping.
First of all, we would like to define “sea-land breeze day” according to the cause, the situation, and the definition in many papers of sea-land breeze. First, we draw straight a line parallel to the coastline. Then, draw a perpendicular line to it through the station. Take 50 degree, in the direction of clockwise and counterclockwise, as the direction for sea and land breeze. The conditions for sea-land breeze day include, land breeze direction switch to sea breeze direction during daytime and sea breeze direction switch to land breeze direction at night, which occur in the same day with wind direction change duration at least 3 hours long and the wind speed less than 4 m/s.
If we average the daily 24 hours chart by month, the result indicates that ozone concentration of sea-land breeze days is lower than that of non sea-land breeze days among the Taipei area. In daytime, ozone concentration in sea-land breeze days is often higher then in non sea-land breeze days in Taipei area. In summer, due to the expansions of pollution area, including coastland, the influence of sea-land breeze is not obvious. However, in Kaoping area, ozone concentration in sea-land breeze days is almost the same with ozone concentration in non sea-land breeze days.
In addition to analysis of observation data, we used the model to simulate the cases in 2003. In order to understand influence of sea-land breeze on air pollution in the coastland. It is shown that when sea breeze take place during daytime, the air pollution in the land will be transported to upper sky and dropped to coastland and sea with sea breeze circulation. This increased the ozone concentration in the sea-land breeze days.
After analyzing the observation data, it is shown that if the pollutant is away from the coastland, the pollutant transportation will via sea-land breeze. At night, the pollutant in land is transported to the coastland via land breeze to react with ozone, which reduce the concentration of ozone. Till the daytime, land breeze will turn to sea breeze. From the modeling result, sea breeze will bring the pollutant back to land. Due to the sea breeze circulation, the pollutant will be transported from upper sky to the surface near coastland, which increase the concentration of coastland pollution. From observation result, it is also shown that the sea-land breeze will not have influence on the pollution in coastland due to the coastland is also in the range of sea-land pollutant transportation.

關鍵字(中)

★ 空氣品質
★ 海陸風
★ 臭氧

關鍵字(英)

★ ozone
★ sea breeze
★ air quality
★ land breeze

論文目次

摘要…………………………………………………………………….I
致謝…………………………………………………………………….V
目錄…………………………………………………………………….VI
附表說明……………………………………………………………….IX
附圖說明……………………………………………………………….X
第一章前言………………………………………………………1
1-1 研究背景…………………………………………………1
1-2 研究動機…………………………………………………5
第二章資料來源與研究方法……………………………………6
2-1 資料來源…………………………………………………6
2-2 研究範圍…………………………………………………7
2-3 分析方法…………………………………………………9
第三章觀測資料分析與結果結果………………………………11
3-1 沿海測站臭氧濃度介紹…………………………………11
3-2 月平均24小時時序圖分析………………………………13
3-2-1 台北地區沿海測站月平均污染濃度變化…13
3-2-2 高屏地區沿海測站月平均污染濃度變化…15
3-3 測站時序資料分析………………………………………16
3-3-1 台北地區沿海測站之觀測分析……………16
3-3-2 高屏地區沿海測站之觀測分析…………………..20
第四章個案模擬與結果分析……………………………………23
4-1 模式簡介…………………………………………………23
4-1-1 氣象模式簡介………………………………23
4-1-2 化學模式簡介……………………………...23
4-2 實驗設計………………………………………………...25
4-3 模式評估…………………………………………………26
4-3-1 風向評估……………………………………26
4-3-2 污染物濃度評估…………………………...27
4-4 模擬結果分析……………………………………………28
4-1-1 平面分佈……………………………………28
4-1-2 單點垂直時間序列………………………...29
4-4-3 水平風速垂直濃度剖面…………………...32
4-4-4 垂直風速垂直濃度剖面……………………34
第五章結論與未來展望…………………………………………36
5-1 結論………………………………………………………36
5-2 未來展望…………………………………………………37
參考文獻……………………………………………………………….38
附表…………………………………………………………………….42
附圖…………………………………………………………………….46

參考文獻

行政院環保署網頁，http://www.epa.gov.tw。
王明星，大氣化學，明文書局，民國八十一年。
陳德鈞，季延安，林肇信，大氣污染化學，科技圖書，民國八十年。
行政院環保署，中華民國台灣地區空氣品質監測報告九十二年年報，行政院環
保署，民國九十二年。
劉遵賢，黃賀春，張艮輝，張時禹，鄭福田，台灣空氣品質模式Taiwan Air
Quality Model (TAQM) 操作使用手冊 Version 1.11，民國九十一年。
呂世宗，1977：高雄地區空氣品質污染受海陸風之影響。行政院國家科學
委員會專題研究計畫成果報告，NSC66-0201-M052-02。
張能復，1999：南高屏地區空氣污染總量管制規劃-E1計畫反應性軌跡模式空
氣污染事件之應用與解析。行政院環境保護署，EPA-88-FA21-03-0012。
張艮輝，張能復，鄭曼婷，吳義林，吳俊傑，林沛練，望熙榮，謝祝欽，
2000：南高屏地區空氣污染總量管制規劃（空氣品質模式組）。行政院環
保署，EPA-89-FA11-03-101。
周仲島、張茂興、何台華，1997：山區雷雨系統之降水與運動場結構分析。
大氣科學，2 5 ，483-506頁。
許武榮，侯昭平，1997：海風環流與陸地對流邊界曾交互影響之數值研究。
，大氣科學，2 5 ，397-416頁。
柳中明，蘇維中，1997：區域氣象環境與高臭氧之相關分析。大氣科學，
2 5 (1 ) ，27-49頁。
柯亙重，2000：高雄市區夏季風向風速日夜變化及海陸風分析。環境與
世界，4，105-113頁。
柯亙重，李西謀，2003：高雄市東下風向量日夜變化分析。環境與世界，
7，47-53頁。
Brümmer, B., B. Hennemuth, A. Rhodin, S. Thiemann, 1995: Interaction of a
cold front with a sea-breeze front observations. Tellus, 47A, 383-402.
Cheng, W.L., 2002: Ozone distribution in coastal central Taiwan under sea-breeze
conditions. Atmos. Environ., 36, 3445-3459.
Chou, Charles C.K., Shaw C. Liu, C.Y. Lin, C.J. Shiu, K.H. Chang, 2006: The trend
of surface ozone in Taipei, Taiwan, and its causes: Implications for ozone
control strategies. Atmos. Environ., 40, 3898-3908.
De Leeuw, Frank, Rob Sluyter, Peter van Breugel, Ferdinand Bogman, 2000:
Air pollution by ozone in Europe in 1999 and summer 2000. European
Environment Agency.
Ding, A., T. Wang, M. Zhao, T. Wang, Z. Li, 2004: Simulation of sea-land breezes
and a discussion of their implications on the transport of air pollution during a
multi-day ozone episode in the Pearl River Delta of China. Atmos. Environ.,
38, 6737-6750.
Fuhrer, J., et. al., (1997)Critical levels for ozone effects on vegetation in Europe.
Environmental Pollution, 97, 91~106.
Galbally, I.E., Roy C.R., 1980: Destruction of ozone at the earth’s surface. Q. J. R.
Meteorol. Soc., 106, 599-620.
Kok, G.L., J.A. Lind, M. Fang, 1997: An airborne study of air quality around the
Hong Kong territory. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 19,043–19,057.
Liu, KY., Z. Wang, LF. Hsiao, 2002: A modeling of the sea breeze and its impacts on ozone distribution in northern Taiwan. Environmental Modelling & Software, 17,
21-27.
Lu, R., R. P. Turco, 1995: Air pollutant transport in a coastal environment: Part II:
Three-dimensional simulations over Los Angeles basin. Atmos. Environ., 29,
1499-1518.
Lu, R., R. P. Turco, 1995: Air pollutant transport in a coastal environment: Part I:
Two-dimensional simulations of the sea-breeze and mountain effects. J. atmos.
Sci., 51, 2285-2308.
McConnell, R., K. Berhane, F. Gilliland, S. J. London, T. Islam, W. J. Gauderman, E.
Avol, H. G.. Margolis and J. M. Peters, 2002: Asthma in exercising children
exposed to ozone: a cohort study. Lancet, 359, 386-391.
Oh, I.B., Y.K. Kim, Hwa woon Lee, C.H. Kim, 2006: An observational and numerical
study of the effects if the late sea breeze on ozone distributions in the Busan
metropolitan area, Korea. Atmos. Environ., 40, 1284-1298.
Oltmans, S.J., A.S. Lefohn, J.M. Harris, I. Galbally, H.E. Scheel, G. Bodeker, E.
Brunke, H. Claude, D. Tarasick, B.J. Johnson et al., 2006: Long-term changes
in tropospheric ozone. Atmos. Environ., 40, 3156-3173.
Pont, V., J. Fontan, 2000: Local and regional contributions to photochemical
atmospheric pollution in southern France. Atmos. Environ., 34, 5209-5223.
Prospero, J.M., R. Schmitt, E. Cuevas, D.L. Savoie, W.C. Graustein, K.K. Turekian,
A. Volz-Thomas, A. Diaz, S. J. Oltmans, and H. Levy II, 1995:
Temporal variability of summer-time ozone and aerosols in the free troposphere
over the eastern North Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2925-2928.
Rao, M.V., H.-I. Lee, R.A. Creelman, J.E. Mullet and K.R. Davis, 2000: Jasmonic
acid signaling modulates ozone-induced hypersensitive cell death. Plant Cell,
12,1633–1648.
Wang, K.Y., D.E. Shallcross, P. Hadjinicolaou and C. Giannakopoulos, 2004:
Ambient vehicular pollutants in the urban area of Taipei: comparing normal
with anomalous vehicle emissions. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 156, 29-55.
Wang, T., Joey Y. H. Kwok, 2003: Measurement and Analysis of a multiday
photochemical smog episode in the Pearl River Delta of China. J. Appl. Meteor.,
42, 404-416.
Wang, T., C.N. Poon, Y.H. Kwok, Y.S. Li, 2003: Characterizing the temporal
variability and emission patterns of pollution plumes in the Pearl River Delta of
China. Atmos. Environ., 37, 3539–3550.
Wang, T., Y.Y. Wu, T. F. Cheung, K. S. Lam, 2001: A study of surface ozone
and the relation to complex wind flow in Hong Kong. Atmos. Environ., 35,
3203- 3215.
Yang, Y., Y.L. Chen, 2005: Numerical simulations of the island-induced circulations
over the island of Hawaii during HaRP. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 3693-3713.

指導教授

張時禹(Julius S. Chang)

審核日期

2007-7-19

推文