華格納歌劇《帕西法爾》之研究

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蔡毓純(Yu-Chun Tsai) 查詢紙本館藏

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藝術學研究所

論文名稱

華格納歌劇《帕西法爾》之研究
(The Study of PARSIFAL - Wagner's opera)

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摘要(中)

摘要
華格納 (Wilhelm Richard Wagner, 1813-1883)被視為是浪漫樂派最具革命性代表的作曲家之一,由其所發表大量理論性文章、書籍,顯示他在音樂創作與歌劇革新上的不遺餘力;同時,因不滿部份音樂家在歌劇創作中淪陷於僅扮演歌曲提供者的角色,致力追尋劇作元素各方面的協調與融合,終而建立「拜羅伊特節慶劇院」(Bayreuth Festspielhaus) 以發揚其理想。綜觀而論,華格納所揭櫫的多項創舉,不啻空前於中外,而「拜羅伊特節慶劇院」(拜羅伊特節慶) 僅上演單一作曲家作品所形成的氛圍,更是史無前例。
《帕西法爾》( Parsifal ) 是華格納最後一部作品,也是唯一專為「拜羅伊特節慶劇院」量身打造的歌劇,華格納為此劇所訂下的副標 ——「節慶舞台戲劇」 ( Buhnenweihfestspiel ) ,詮釋了兩者密不可分的關係。就音樂層面,此劇達到了成熟巔峰的狀態,內容承載作曲家對於人生、社會、哲學、宗教......等其他層面的投射,是個不朽的巨作,並於任何時期都值得被持續研究的作品。
首先,本論文將作曲家生平做一整理:分為家庭生活、教育時期、戀情與婚姻、朋友與事業等四大面向;在事業部份,針對「拜羅伊特節慶劇院」的建立作一介紹。並在整理其歌劇創作後,闡述《帕西法爾》的首演與演出權等情況,以期在深入探討本作品之前,讓讀者對作曲家與演出背景有ㄧ初步瞭解,進而針對劇本題材、戲劇角色、劇情和音樂等進行深入的探討與分析。

摘要(英)

ABSTRACT
Wilhelm Richard Wagner (1813-1883), regarding as one of the most revolutionary composer of The Romantic Era, had spared no effort on musical creation and operatic reform by issued a great number of theoretical articles and books. Wagner sought to achieved the synthesis of all aspects in opera for expressed his dissatisfaction with those musicians who only compose music. To carry out the ideal, moreover, he established the Bayreuth Festspielhaus (Bayreuth Festival Theatre) which is unprecedented at all times and in all countries not only on its provided particular composer’s works but on the atmosphere Bayreuth Festival Theatre has created.
Wagner bestowed the title Buhnenweihfestspiel on his last completed opera Parsifal , tailor-made for Bayreuth Festspielhaus, that showed the two is closely connected and inseparable. Parsifal reached a climax of the musical part and reflected the composer’s feelings on each aspect such as, life, society, philosophy, and religion. As well, the immortal work is worthy of our continued research in the future generations.
This proposal firstly includes FOUR parts of all Wilhelm Richard Wagner’s life—Family life, Educations, Love affair and Marriage, Friends and Career. In the career part, I will introduce the establishment of Bayreuth Festspielhaus. In order to give readers the preliminary understanding on composer and on the background of Parsifal, after deal with the composer’s works, I will describe the debut of Parsifal and the right of presentation of the theater before we going into its details which comprise the profound research and analysis of subject matter, characters, plot and music.

關鍵字(中)

★ 華格納
★ 帕西法爾
★ 拜羅伊特節慶劇院

關鍵字(英)

★ Bayreuth Festspielhaus
★ Parsifal
★ Wagner

論文目次

目次
緒言 1
第一章華格納生平、歌劇創作成果和《帕西法爾》演出 7
第一節華格納生平 7
一、家庭生活 7
二、教育 10
(一) 一般教育 11
(二) 音樂教育 13
1. 韋伯 (Carl Maria von Weber, 1786-1826) 17
2. 貝多芬 (Ludwig van Beethoven , 1770-1827) 18
3. 莫札特 (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, 1756-1791) 19
三、戀情與婚姻 19
(一) 早期戀愛 20
(二) 第一次婚姻 21
(三) 第二次婚姻 23
(四) 外遇 25
四、朋友與事業 26
(一) 尼采 (Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, 1844-1900) 27
(二) 李斯特 (Franz Liszt, 1811-1886) 29
(三) 路德威希二世 (Ludwig II von Bayern, 1845-1886) 30
(四) 拜羅伊特節慶劇院 (Bayreuth Festspielhaus) 31
第二節華格納歌劇創作成果 39
一、第一創作階段 (至 1848 年止) 42
二、第二創作階段 (1853-1882) 45
第三節《帕西法爾》演出 50
第二章《帕西法爾》帕西法爾劇情、劇本與角色 61
第一節《帕西法爾》劇中人物與劇情概要 61
一、劇中人物配置 61
二、劇情概要 61
(一) 第一幕 61
(二) 第二幕 63
(三) 第三幕 64
第二節《帕西法爾》題材來源之探討 66
第三節《帕西法爾》各角色與劇情意涵中的檢視與行為、物件之分析 75
一、帕西法爾 (Parsifal) 76
二、昆德麗 (Kundry) 78
三、辜內曼茲 (Gurnemanz) 82
四、安佛塔斯 (Amfortas) 83
五、提圖瑞爾 (Titurel) 85
六、克林索爾 (Klingsor) 85
七、珈凡 (Gawan) 86
八、昆德麗對帕西法爾的吻以及洗腳、抹膏,辜內曼茲對帕西法爾的洗頭以及
抹香膏 87
九、聖杯城堡 90
十、聖杯聖矛 91
小結 92
第三章《帕西法爾》節情及音樂之關連與分析 95
劇中人物演唱聲部與樂團編製 95
第一節《帕西法爾》第一幕劇情解說與音樂分析 97
第二節《帕西法爾》第二幕劇情解說與音樂分析 139
第三節《帕西法爾》第三幕劇情解說與音樂分析 162
小結 179
結論 182
參考資料 188
附錄 196

參考文獻

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網站
1. 拜羅伊特節慶劇院網站 http://www.bayreuther-festspiele.de/ (2010.04.05)
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museum.ch/de/index/index.php (2011.11.8)
4. 華格納的繆斯 —— 法國作家莒蒂特與德國作曲家理查華格納之間的關係
http://www.istrianet.org/istria/illustri/grisi/gautier/judith-muse.htm
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10. Millington, Barry: “Richard Wagner”
http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/29769p
g1#S29 769.1 (2010.03.15) (New Grove2007 線上版)
11. Skramstad, Per-Erik: “Wagneropera” http://www.wagneropera.net/
(2011.11.8)
12. Vargas, Vincent: “Wagner Operas. com” http://www.wagneroperas.com/
(2011.11.14)
13. “Historicopera” http://www.historicopera.com/ (2011.11.15)
14. Wikipedia :
“Dresden Amen”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden_amen (2012.02.02)
“Richard Wagner”
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Wagner (2011.11.8)
“Planer Minna”
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minna_Planer (2011. 10. 10)
“Hans von Bulow”
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_von_Bulow (2011. 10. 10)
“Houston Stewart Chamberlain” http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain (2011.10.10)
樂譜
1. Wagner, Richard: Parsifal. Leipzig (C. F. Peters), 1914.
2. Wagner, Richard: Parsifal. Arr. by: Karl Klindworth. Mainz (B. Schott’s
Sohne), 1902.
DVD
1. Palmer, Tony: Richard Wagner. Parsifal. The search for the grail. America
(Well Go USA, Inc. WD-164), 2005.
2. Rohmer, Eric: Perceval le Gallois
3. Wagner, Richard: Parsifal. conducted by Horst Stein, Bayreuther Festspiele
Orchestra & Chorus, staged by Wolfgang Wanger. Hamburg (Deutsche
Grammophon GmbH, 00440 073 4328), 2007. Recording: Festspielhaus,
Bayreuth, 24 June – 15 July 1981.
4. Wagner, Richard: Parsifal. conducted by James Levine, Metropolitan Opera
Orchestra & Chorus, staged by Phebe Berkowitz. Hamburg (Deutsche
Grammophon GmbH, 073 032-9), 1994.
5. Wagner, Richard: Parsifal. conducted by Bernard Haitink, Oper Zurich
Orchestra & Chorus, staged by Hans Hollmann. Hamburg (Deutsche
Grammophon GmbH, 00440 073 4407), 2008.

指導教授

曾瀚霈(Hannpey Tseng)

審核日期

2012-6-16

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