以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：12

、訪客IP：3.142.12.240

姓名	郭鎮魁(Jhen-Kuei Guo)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	天文研究所
論文名稱	活躍星系中分子雲之物理特性 (Physical Properties of Molecular Clouds in Active Galaxies)
相關論文	★ 亮紅外線星系ARP 55的CO(J=2-1)和CO(J=1-0)之譜線研究 ★ 合併中之明亮紅外線星系的次毫米波段觀測 ★ 后髮座星系團內相對論性電子能譜的數值計算 ★ 萊曼α吸收雲的運動學SZ效應所引起之宇宙背景輻射非均向性 ★ 類星體-星系對 0248+430 中的原子與分子氣體 ★ 亮紅外星系 NGC 6090 中分子氣體之研究 ★ X射線背景輻射對星系團質量-溫度關係之限制 ★ AM CVn系統之可見光觀測 ★ 利用電波與近紅外線觀測資料研究活躍星系核的性質 ★ 具有偏極化寬譜線與不具有偏極化寬譜線的西佛二型星系之塵埃型態 ★ On the Origin of the Radio Emission of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies ★ 使用近紅外波段搜尋高質量X射線雙星的光學對應體 ★ 窄線西佛I型星系之電波及紅外線性質 ★ 合併星系的快速搜尋法 ★ 伽瑪射線爆周圍環境探討 ★ 西佛一型和窄線西佛一型星系中，黑洞質量和核球的關係
檔案	[Endnote RIS 格式]    [Bibtex 格式]    [相關文章]   [文章引用]   [完整記錄]   [館藏目錄]   [檢視]  [下載] 本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。 已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。 請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。
摘要(中)	我們研究在活躍星系中分子雲的物理特性。最近次毫米波陣列望遠鏡(SMA)的觀測發現在一些活躍星系中心區域有一些高溫的分子雲，然而我們對於這些高溫分子雲的加熱機制還尚未清楚。我們透過冷卻(cooling)和加熱(heating)的機制來分析這些高溫分子雲的熱物理性質。在我們的模型中，透過一些原子和分子的冷卻來進行研究，其中包括C I、C II、O I、H2 和CO；並將塵埃、X 射線和宇宙射線視為三種可能的加熱源。由冷卻和加熱的熱平衡，我們發現在這些活躍星系中的冷卻率(cooling rate)高出銀河系的冷卻率約一千倍或更多。而由塵埃及X 射線所造成的加熱並沒有辦法供給所有的冷卻。如果在活躍星系中的冷卻是由宇宙射線來達成熱平衡，由宇宙射線所導致的游離率(ionization rate)高達10 的-13 或-15 次方。研究來自超新星遺骸的宇宙射線發現，這些宇宙射線占所需要宇宙射線的5%不到，無法供給平衡所需要的量。我們認為這麼大量的宇宙射線是來自中心的活躍星系核的活動，如噴流和震波。
摘要(英)	We study the physical properties of molecular clouds in active galaxies. Recent SMA observations have discovered several high temperature molecular clouds around the center regions of some active galaxies. The origin of the heating mechanism for these high temperature clouds is unclear. We analyze the thermal properties of these high temperature molecular clouds by considering various cooling and heating mechanisms within these clouds. We consider the cooling of several different atomic and molecular species, including CI, CII, OI, H2, and CO. We consider three heating mechanisms in the active galaxies: dust heating, X-ray heating, and cosmic-ray heating. By considering the thermal balance between cooling and heating, we find that the cooling rates in these active galaxies are about three order or more higher than that in the Milky Way. Our results indicate that the heating from dust grains and X-ray could not account for the total cooling in the active galaxies. If the cooling is balanced by the heating of cosmic rays in the active galaxies, the ionization rates due to the cosmic rays can be as high as 10 to the power of -13 to -15. Studying the cosmic ray from the supernova remnants, we find that these cosmic rays contribute at most 5% of the total cosmic rays and can not account for the amount of cosmic rays required. We suggest that these cosmic rays are from the AGN activities, such as jets or shocks.
關鍵字(中)	★ 活躍星系核 ★ 分子雲 ★ 活躍星系 ★ 宇宙射線	關鍵字(英)	★ molecular clouds ★ active galaxies ★ active galactic nuclei ★ cosmic rays
論文目次	1 Introduction 1 2 Cooling Rates 6 2.1 Cooling Rate of Carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2 Cooling Rate of Hydrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.3 Cooling Rate of CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.4 Other Cooling Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3 Heating Rate 13 3.1 Heating by Dust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2 Cosmic Ray Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4 Comparison with Observations 15 5 Results 18 6 Discussion 35 7 Summary 40 8 Bibliography 41
參考文獻	Antonucci, Robert 1993, ARA&A, 31, 473A Bakes, E. L. O., Tielens, A. G. G. M. 1994, ApJ, 427, 822 Brock, D., Joy, M., Lester, D. F., Harvey, P. M. and Ellis, H. B., Jr. 1988, ApJ, 329, 208 Chou, R. C. Y., Peck, A. B., Lim, J., Matsushita, S., Muller, S., Sawada-Satoh, S., Dinh, V.-T., Boone, F., Henkel, C. 2007, ApJ, 670, 116 Dalgarno, A., and McCray, R. A. 1972, Ann. Rev. Astr. Ap., 10, 375 Dewangan, Gulab C., Griffiths, Richard E., Choudhury, Manojendu, Miyaji, Takamitsu, Schurch, Nicholas J. 2005, ApJ, 635, 198D Done, C., Madejski, G. M., Smith, D. A. 1996, ApJ, 463L, 63 Feldmeier, John J., Ciardullo, Robin, Jacoby, George H. 1997, ApJ, 479, 231 Field, G. B., Somerville, W. B. and Dressler K. 1966, Ann. Rev. Astr. Ap., 4, 207 Freedman, Wendy L., Madore, Barry F., Gibson, Brad K., Ferrarese, Laura, Kelson, Daniel D., Sakai, Shoko, Mould, Jeremy R., Kennicutt, Robert C., Jr., Ford, Holland C., Graham, John A., Huchra, John P., Hughes, Shaun M. G., Illingworth, Garth D., Macri, Lucas M., Stetson, Peter B. 2001, ApJ, 553, 47 Glassgold, A. E. and Langer, W. D. 1973, ApJ, L147, L151 Goldsmith, P. F. and Langer, W. D. 1978, ApJ, 222, 881 Guesten, R., Walmsley, C. M., Ungerechts, H., Churchwell, E. 1985, A&A, 142, 381G Heckman 1980; Stauffer 1982; Makishima et al. 1994; Ho et al. 1997 Herrnstein, J. R., Moran, J. M., Greenhill, L. J., Diamond, P. J., Inoue, M., Nakai, N., Miyoshi, M., Henkel, C., Riess, A. 1999 Natur., 400, 539 Ho, Paul T. P., Moran, James M., Lo, Kwok Yung 2004, ApJ, 616L, 1 Hollenbach, D. J. and McKee, C. F. 1979, ApJS, 41, 555 Iono, D., Wilson, C., Takakuwa, S., Yun, M., Petitpas, G., Peck, A., Ho, Paul T. P., Matsushita, S., Pihlstrom, Y., Wang, Z. 2007, ApJ, 659, 283 Iwasawa, K., Koyama, K., Awaki, H., Kunieda, H., Makishima, K., Tsuru, T., Ohashi, T., Nakai, N. 1993, ApJ, 409, 155 Karachentsev, Igor D., Tully, R. Brent, Dolphin, Andrew, Sharina, Margarita, Makarova, Lidia, Makarov, Dmitry, Sakai, Shoko, Shaya, Edward J., Kashibadze, Olga G., Karachentseva, Valentina, Rizzi, Luca 2007, AJ, 133, 504 Kennicutt, R. C. 1998, ApJ, 498, 541 Kohno, Kotaro, Kawabe, Ryohei, Tosaki, Tomoka, Okumura, Sachiko K 1996 ApJ, 461L, 29 Komossa, Stefanie, Schulz, Hartmut, Greiner, Jochen 1998, A&A, 334, 110 Lehner, N., Wakker B. P., and Savage B. D. 2004, ApJ, 767, 793 Leung, C. M. 1975, ApJ, 199, 340 Madejski, G., Z.ycki, P., Done, C., Valinia, A., Blanco, P., Rothschild, R., Turek, B. 2000, ApJ, 535L, 87 Matsushita, S., Sakamoto, K., Kuo, C.-Y., Hsieh, P.-Y., Trung, D.-V., Mao, R.-Q., Iono, D., Peck, A. B., Wiedner, M. C., Liu, S.-Y., Ohashi, N., Lim, J. 2004, ApJ, 616, L55 McKee, C. F., Storey, J. W. V., Watson, D. M., and Green S. 1982 ApJ, 259, 647 Penston, M. V. 1970, ApJ, 162, 771 Rice, W., Lonsdale, Carol J., Soifer, B. T., Neugebauer, G., Kopan, E. L., Lloyd, Lawrence A., de Jong, T., Habing, H. J. 1988, ApJS, 68, 91 Sakamoto, Kazushi, Ho, Paul T. P., Mao, Rui-Qing, Matsushita, Satoki, Peck, Alison B. 2007, ApJ, 654, 782 Sanders, D. B., Mazzarella, J. M., Kim, D.-C., Surace, J. A., Soifer, B. T. 2003, AJ, 126, 1607 Sawada-Satoh S., Ho P. T. P., Muller S., Matsushita S., Lim J., 2007, ApJ, 658, 851 Seaton, M. J. 1951, M.N.R.A.S , 111, 368 Soria, R., Baldi, A., Risaliti, G., Fabbiano, G., King, A., La Parola, V., Zezas, A. 2007, MNRAS, 379, 1313S Spitzer, L., Jr. 1949, ApJ, 109, 337 Thaddeus, P. 1972, ApJ, 173, 317 van der Werf, Paul P., Goss, W. M., van den Bout, P. A. 1988, A&A, 201, 311V Webber, W. R. 1998, ApJ, 506, 329 Yun, M. S., Carilli, C. 2002, ApJ, 568, 88
指導教授	黃崇源(Chorng-Yuan Hwang)	審核日期	2008-6-24
推文	facebook   plurk   twitter   funp   google   live   udn   HD   myshare   reddit   netvibes   friend   youpush   delicious   baidu
網路書籤	Google bookmarks   del.icio.us   hemidemi   myshare