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姓名	黃罡(Gang Huang)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	化學工程與材料工程學系
論文名稱	甲醇蒸氣重組觸媒之設計-CuO/ZnO/CeO2/ZrO2/Al2O3
相關論文	★ Ag/Mg2AlO-hydrotalcite觸媒於α,β-不飽和醛選擇性氫化反應之研究 ★ 貴金屬對CuO/ZnO/Al2O3觸媒於甲醇部分氧化/蒸汽重組複合式反應的影響 ★ Au觸媒於硝基苯氫化反應及硝基苯乙烯選擇性氫化反應之研究 ★ 苯於CuO/Ce0.9-xZr0.1MnxO2觸媒 之全氧化反應研究 ★ 化學還原法製備Ag/Mg2AlO觸媒之研究-α,β-不飽和醛選擇性氫化反應 ★ 苯於Ag/Ce0.9-xZr0.1MnxO2觸媒之全氧化反應研究 ★ 甲醇蒸汽重組產氫觸媒之設計 ★ CH4+CO2於ZrO2/SiO2與La2O3/Al2O3負載式鉑觸媒之重組反應研究 ★ 以化學還原/共沉澱法製備Cu/ZrO2/metal oxide觸煤應用於CO2+H2合成甲醇反應之研究 ★ CuB超細合金觸媒之製備與催化性質探討 ★ 負載式CoB非晶態合金觸媒製備與催化性質探討 ★ CuB系列觸媒於甲酸甲酯氫解及一段式甲醇合成法之研究 ★ Ni/Mg-Al-O觸媒於CH4/CO2重組反應之研究 ★ 負載式CuB合金觸媒製備與催化性質探討 ★ CH4/CO2於CeO2氧化物與CexZr1-xO2共氧化物負載式Pt觸媒之重組反應研究 ★ 奈米NiB、CoB非晶態合金觸媒於檸檬醛選擇氫化反應之研究
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摘要(中)	燃料電池中氫氣來源主要是由液態碳氫化合物的重組轉換，其中以甲醇蒸氣重組反應即時產生氫氣，系統最簡單，適合移動式供氫，為目前最具潛力的產氫反應。甲醇蒸氣重組觸媒成分以CuO/ZnO/Al2O3為主，為了增加觸媒的活性與穩定性，有不少研究者引入CeO2、ZrO2，並對CeO2與ZrO2的優點做了很多的闡述，但是觸媒成分比例討論範圍偏狹，不具實用性。 本研究以商用觸媒G66B (CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 = 30/60/10)為參考成分，進行調變，以共沉澱法製備不同比例CuO/ZnO/CeO2/ZrO2/Al2O3觸媒，進行甲醇蒸氣重組反應，以期設計出最佳觸媒。 首先將商用比例觸媒中ZnO的一半30 wt%以不同比例CeO2/ZrO2取代，發現CeO2與ZrO2皆可以增加觸媒的分散性以及還原能力，可是CeO2的添加會使Al遷移至觸媒近表層，產生負面影響，而ZrO2的添加確實有促進效果。改變觸媒ZnO/ZrO2比例，發現以10~20 wt% ZrO2取代ZnO有最佳效果。改變觸媒基本成分CuO/ZnO/Al2O3中ZnO/Al2O3的比例，觸媒活性隨Al2O3增加而驟降，Al2O3雖然是負面影響，但仍扮演穩定觸媒、增加觸媒機械強度的角色，宜適量添加，如G66B之成分，10 wt%即可。CuO的負載量以CuO/ZnO/Al2O3(50/40/10)、CuO/ZnO/Al2O3(40/50/10)觸媒活性最佳，但Cu分散性差，且穩定測試中活性隨時間持續衰退。為了增加觸媒分散性與穩定性，分別以10~20 wt% ZrO2取代ZnO，製得活性、穩定性最佳觸媒為CuO/ZnO/ZrO2/Al2O3(40/30/20/10)。
摘要(英)	On-board generation of hydrogen by methanol steam reforming is being used in the development of fuel-cell engines for various transportation applications. In the past the reaction was studied over CuO/ZnO/Al2O3-based catalyst. Previous studies have reported that CeO2 and ZrO2 both enhanced the reducibility of CuO, the Cu dispersion and the amount of Cu+, and those causes have been cited as a possible reason for the activity and stability promotion of catalyst. Although the advantages of CeO2 and ZrO2 have gone into details, their catalyst composition is limited. Our researchers varied commercial catalyst G66B composition (CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 = 30/60/10), and introduced CeO2 and ZrO2 simultaneously. In the methanol steam reforming, CeO2 inhibited the activity of catalyst because of the movement of Al atom. ZrO2 certainly enhanced the performance of catalysts, and 10~20 wt% ZrO2 was most effective for catalyst. Al2O3 which played the role of texture promoter inhibited the activity of catalyst seriously, need adding moderately. Varying the ratio of Cu/Zn, CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 (50/40/10) and CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 (40/50/10) showed better activity, but their stability was bad. In order to enhance the performance of catalyst, we introduced 10~20 wt% ZrO2, and produced the best catalyst CuO/ZnO/ZrO2/Al2O3 (40/30/20/10).
關鍵字(中)	★ 氧化鋯 ★ 銅觸媒 ★ 氧化鈰 ★ 甲醇蒸氣重組	關鍵字(英)	★ ZrO2 ★ CeO2 ★ Copper catalyst ★ Hydrogen production ★ Methanol steam reforming
論文目次	目 錄 摘 要…………………………………………………………....................... i Abstract…………………………………………………………...…………. ii 誌 謝…………………………………………………………....................... iii 目 錄…………………………………………………………...…................ iv 圖 目 錄…………………………………………………………...…............ vi 表 目 錄…………………………………………………………...…............ ix 第一章 緒 論…………………………………………………………......... 1 第二章 文獻回顧………………………………………………………........ 2 2-1 甲醇產氫反應……………………………………………………. 2 2-2 甲醇蒸汽重組的反應路徑…………………………………......... 3 2-3 甲醇蒸汽重組反應機構…………………………………………. 6 2-4 引入ZrO2對反應的影響………………………………………… 11 2-4-1 引入ZrO2對反應活性的影響…………………………………… 11 2-4-2 引入ZrO2對觸媒穩定性的影響………………………………… 14 2-4-3 引入ZrO2對觸媒實用性的影響………………………………… 15 2-5 引入CeO2對反應的影響………………………………………… 15 2-5-1 CeO2的特性…………………………………………………........ 15 2-5-2 引入CeO2對反應活性的影響…………………………………… 17 2-5-3 引入CeO2對CO濃度的影響……………………………………... 19 2-5-4 引入CeO2對觸媒穩定性的影響………………………………… 20 2-6 Cu-Mn尖晶石結構觸媒………………………………..………... 20 第三章 實驗方法與設備………………………………………………........ 22 3-1 CuO/ZnO/CeO2/ZrO2/Al2O3觸媒之製備………………………... 22 3-2 觸媒性質鑑定……………………………….. ………………….. 24 3-2-1 元素組成分析(ICP)………………………………..……….......... 24 3-2-2 比表面積測定(BET)……………………………………………... 24 3-2-3 X-射線繞射分析(XRD)………………………………..……….... 25 3-2-4 X-射線光電子光譜(XPS)………………………………..………. 26 3-2-5 氫-程溫還原(H2-TPR)…………………………………………… 27 3-2-6 銅表面積測量TPR法…………………………………………… 27 3-3 甲醇蒸氣重組反應活性測試……………………………………. 30 3-4 轉化率與選擇率之計算…………………………………………. 33 3-5 實驗藥品及氣體…………………………………………………. 33 第四章 結果與討論……………………………………………………........ 35 4-1 觸媒基本性質鑑定………………………………………………. 35 4-2 觸媒活性測試與探討……………………………………………. 38 4-2-1 引入不同比例CeO2/ZrO2對觸媒的影響……………………….. 38 4-2-2 不同ZnO/ZrO2比例對觸媒的影響……………………………… 51 4-2-3 不同ZnO/Al2O3比例對觸媒的影響…………………………….. 59 4-2-4 不同CuO/ZnO比例對觸媒的影響……………………………… 70 4-2-5 引入ZrO2對CuO/ZnO/Al2O3(40/50/10)觸媒的影響…………… 80 4-2-6 自製觸媒與商用觸媒的比較……………………………………. 86 4-3 觸媒穩定性測試…………………………………………………. 91 第五章 結 論…………………………………………………………......... 99 總結…………………………………………………………………………... 101 參考文獻……………………………………………………………………... 102 圖目錄 圖2-1 改變CO2成分比對轉化率的影響………………………………. 4 圖2-2 改變CO2成分比對CO濃度的影響…………………………….. 5 圖2-3 改變接觸時間對CO與CO2選擇率的影響…………………….. 5 圖2-4 Cu/ZnO/Al2O3觸媒經過甲醇蒸汽重組反應後的FTIR圖譜….. 8 圖2-5 甲醇蒸汽重組反應機制圖…………………………………........ 9 圖2-6 新鮮觸媒與再氧化觸媒的TPR圖譜…………………………… 13 圖2-7 CuO/ZrO2觸媒的XRD圖譜……………………………………. 14 圖2-8 CeO2的晶體結構………………………………………………… 16 圖2-9 CeO2的剖面層結構……………………………………………… 16 圖2-10 CuO/CeO2之結構示意圖………………………………………... 17 圖2-11 Cu/CeO2/Al2O3的Cu粒徑分布…………………………………. 19 圖2-12 Cu-Mn觸媒的TPR/TPO循環實驗…………………………….. 21 圖3-1 觸媒製備裝置………………………………………………........ 23 圖3-2 氫-程溫還原與銅表面積測量裝置圖…………………………... 29 圖3-3 甲醇蒸氣重組反應裝置圖…………………………………........ 31 圖4-1 不同CeO2/ZrO2比例對CuO/ZnO/CeO2/ZrO2/Al2O3觸媒活性的影響……………………………………………………................ 40 圖4-2 CeO2/ZrO2比例對甲醇轉化率與CO選擇率之影響…………… 42 圖4-3 不同CeO2/ZrO2比例之觸媒XRD圖譜………………………… 44 圖4-4 不同CeO2/ZrO2比例之觸媒TPR圖譜…………………………. 45 圖4-5 不同CeO2/ZrO2比例之觸媒Cu 2p3/2 XPS圖譜………………… 47 圖4-6 不同CeO2/ZrO2比例之觸媒Auger CuKLL電子動能圖……….. 48 圖4-7 不同ZnO/ZrO2比例對CuO/ZnO/ZrO2/Al2O3觸媒活性的影響…………………………………………………….................... 52 圖4-8 ZrO2含量對甲醇轉化率與CO選擇率之影響………………….. 54 圖4-9 不同ZnO/ZrO2比例之觸媒XRD圖譜…………………………. 55 圖4-10 不同ZnO/ZrO2比例之觸媒TPR圖譜………………………….. 57 圖4-11 不同ZnO/Al2O3比例對CuO/ZnO/Al2O3觸媒活性的影響…….. 60 圖4-12 Al2O3含量對甲醇轉化率與CO選擇率之影響………………… 62 圖4-13 不同ZnO/Al2O3比例之觸媒XRD圖譜………………………… 63 圖4-14 不同ZnO/Al2O3比例之觸媒TPR圖譜…………………………. 65 圖4-15 不同ZnO/Al2O3比例之觸媒Cu 2p3/2 XPS圖譜….…………….. 66 圖4-16 不同ZnO/Al2O3比例之觸媒Auger CuKLL電子動能圖………. 67 圖4-17 不同CuO/ZnO比例對CuO/ZnO/Al2O3觸媒活性的影響……… 71 圖4-18 CuO負載量對甲醇轉化率與CO選擇率之影響……………….. 73 圖4-19 不同CuO/ZnO比例之觸媒XRD圖譜………………………….. 75 圖4-20 不同CuO/ZnO比例之觸媒TPR圖譜………………………….. 76 圖4-21 不同CuO/ZnO比例之觸媒Cu 2p3/2 XPS圖譜…………………. 77 圖4-22 不同CuO/ZnO比例之觸媒Auger CuKLL電子動能圖譜……... 78 圖4-23 引入ZrO2之CuO/ZnO/Al2O3(40/50/10)觸媒反應活性測試........ 82 圖4-24 引入ZrO2之CuO/ZnO/Al2O3(40/50/10)觸媒XRD圖譜……… 84 圖4-25 引入ZrO2之CuO/ZnO/Al2O3(40/50/10)觸媒TPR圖譜………... 85 圖4-26 自製觸媒與商用觸媒之甲醇蒸氣重組反應活性測試……........ 87 圖4-27 自製觸媒與商用觸媒之XRD圖譜……………………………... 89 圖4-28 自製觸媒與商用觸媒之TPR圖譜…………………………........ 90 圖4-29 CuO/ZnO/Al2O3(50/40/10)觸媒之110小時穩定測試………….. 93 圖4-30 CuO/ZnO/Al2O3(40/50/10)觸媒之110小時穩定測試………….. 94 圖4-31 CuO/ZnO/ZrO2/Al2O3(40/30/20/10)觸媒之110小時穩定測試……………………………………………………………........ 95 圖4-32 商用觸媒G66B之110小時穩定測試…………………………... 96 圖4-33 CuO/ZnO/Al2O3(40/50/10)與商用觸媒G66B之穩定性比較….. 97 圖4-34 CuO/ZnO/ZrO2/Al2O3(40/30/20/10)與商用觸媒G66B之穩定性比較……………………………………………………………… 98 表目錄 表2-1 Cu/ZnO/Al2O3甲醇合成反應中表面的吸附物質…………........ 10 表2-2 Cu/CeO2觸媒與各種銅觸媒的活性與選擇率比較…………….. 18 表2-3 Cu/ZnO/CeO2/Al2O3系列觸媒的活性與選擇率………………... 20 表3-1 氣相層析儀分析條件………………………………………........ 32 表4-1 觸媒鑑定項目………………………………………………........ 36 表4-2 CuO/ZnO/CeO2/ZrO2/Al2O3觸媒整體組成……………………... 37 表4-3 CuO/ZnO/CeO2/ZrO2/Al2O3觸媒物理表面積…………………... 37 表4-4 觸媒不同CeO2/ZrO2之調變比例……………………………….. 38 表4-5 不同CeO2/ZrO2比例觸媒之甲醇轉化率以及CO選擇率……... 41 表4-6 不同CeO2/ZrO2比例觸媒之表面銅物種百分比……………….. 49 表4-7 不同CeO2/ZrO2比例觸媒之XPS近表層原子組成…………….. 49 表4-8 不同CeO2/ZrO2比例觸媒之銅分散度與Cu表面積…………… 50 表4-9 觸媒不同ZnO/ZrO2之調變比例………………………………... 51 表4-10 不同ZnO/ZrO2比例觸媒之甲醇轉化率以及CO選擇率………. 53 表4-11 不同ZnO/ZrO2比例觸媒之XPS近表層原子組成……………... 58 表4-12 不同ZnO/ZrO2比例觸媒之銅分散度與Cu表面積……………. 58 表4-13 觸媒不同ZnO/Al2O3之調變比例……………………………….. 59 表4-14 不同ZnO/Al2O3比例觸媒之甲醇轉化率以及CO選擇率……... 61 表4-15 不同ZnO/Al2O3比例觸媒之表面銅物種百分比……………….. 68 表4-16 不同ZnO/Al2O3比例觸媒之XPS近表層原子組成……………. 68 表4-17 不同ZnO/Al2O3比例觸媒之銅分散度與Cu表面積…………… 69 表4-18 觸媒不同CuO/ZnO之調變比例………………………………... 70 表4-19 不同CuO/ZnO比例觸媒之轉化率以及CO選擇率……………. 72 表4-20 不同CuO/ZnO比例觸媒之表面銅物種百分比………………... 79 表4-21 不同CuO/ZnO比例觸媒之XPS近表層原子組成…………….. 79 表4-22 不同CuO/ZnO比例觸媒之銅分散度與Cu表面積……………. 80 表4-23 CuO/ZnO/Al2O3(40/50/10)觸媒引入ZrO2之調變比例……........ 80 表4-24 引入ZrO2之CuO/ZnO/Al2O3(40/50/10)觸媒甲醇轉化率以及CO選擇率……………………………………………………….. 83 表4-25 引入ZrO2之CuO/ZnO/Al2O3(40/50/10)觸媒銅分散度與Cu表面積………………………………………………………............ 86 表4-26 自製觸媒與商用觸媒的比較………………………………........ 86 表4-27 自製觸媒與商用觸媒之甲醇轉化率以及CO選擇率………….. 88 表4-28 自製觸媒與商用觸媒之銅分散度與Cu表面積………………... 91 表4-29 參與穩定性測試之觸媒成分………………………………........ 92
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指導教授	陳吟足(Yin-Zu Chen)	審核日期	2008-7-20
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