平板式SOFC電池堆流場可視化與均勻度之實驗模擬和分析

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簡暐珉(Wei-Ming Chien) 查詢紙本館藏

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能源工程研究所

論文名稱

平板式SOFC電池堆流場可視化與均勻度之實驗模擬和分析
(Experimental Simulation and Analysis of Flow Visualization and Uniformity in a Planar SOFC Stack)

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摘要(中)

本論文以實驗的方法，量測外岐管(external manifold)設計之平板式固態氧化物燃料電池(solid oxide fuel cell, SOFC)短電池堆(short-stack)之流場特性，並分析與改善其流場均勻度。利用自行建立之水力測試平台，配合二維雷射誘導螢光法(laser-induced fluorescence, LIF)以及染液觀測(dye visualization, DV)法，分別獲得電池堆內各層含12個以肋條分隔之矩型流道(rib-channels)的流場影像，再利用Matlab進行影像處理與分析，進而量測計算電池內堆各層間所有流道之速度分佈及其流場均勻度。相互比較後，我們發現由DV與LIF，在雷諾數為25到100範圍內(Re = VDh/??，V為電池堆之平均流速、Dh為單一流道之水力直徑、?為運動黏滯係數(kinematic viscosity)，之數據最大相差約10 %，顯示DV實驗法具備足夠的可靠度來進行相關之流場量測。電池堆進口區(feed header, FH)和出口區(exhaust header, EH)之流向配置為本研究重點，共有五種不同配置，含三種具同向之FH與EH以及兩種反向之FH與EH，分別依序簡述如下：(1) Conventional-type，即同向之FH與EH位於流道之流線方向(streamwise)；(2)Z-type，即同向之FH與EH位於流道之翼展方向(spanwise)；(3)TZ-type，即同向之FH與EH位於流道之橫向方向(transverse)；(4)U-type，即反向之FH與EH位於流道之翼展方向(spanwise)和(5)TU-type，即反向之FH與EH位於流道之橫向方向(transverse)。實驗結果顯示，反向FH與EH之U-type之單電池流場均勻度約為61 % ~ 66 %，電池堆間流率的差異性約為4.8 %，是前述五種設計中較佳的設計。為了更進一步改善U-type之設計，在FH處加裝三角柱型的導流裝置，此種改良型的設計可將單電池的流場均勻度及電池堆流場均勻度各提升至少12 %，達約75%之流場均勻度，為一是種簡單有效提升流場均勻度之設計。在過去有限的文獻中，僅有以數值模擬來討論單電池之流場均勻度，本研究首次以實驗的方法來討論電池堆的流場均勻度，冀望對未來電池堆的發展有所助益。

摘要(英)

This thesis investigates experimentally flow distributions in a planar SOFC short-stack using various designs of external manifolds and thus increases flow uniformity of the short-stack. A hydraulic platform combined with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and dye visualization (DV) techniques are established to obtain flow fields in the short-stack including three layers, each layer having 12 rib-channels. A Matlab-based code is used to process these flow field images by the binary method and thus corresponding velocities in each of 12 channels for all three different layers can be extracted. Results from both LIF and DV methods are roughly the same with the largest difference up to 10 %, when the channel Reynolds number(Re = VDh/???are within 25~100, where V is the velocity, Dh is the hydraulic diameter of the rib channel, and ? is the kinematic viscosity of fluid. The focus is placed on the effect of different flow directions in both the feed header (FH) and the exhaust header (EH) to flow uniformity of the short-stack. There are five arrangements: (1) The Conventional-type, where both FH and EH are in the same streamwise direction of flow channels; (2) Z-type, where FH and EH are in the same spanwise direction of flow channels; (3) TZ-type, both FH and EH in the same transverse direction of flow channels; (4) U-type, similar to (2) but FH and EH are in opposite directions; (5) TU-type, similar to (3) but FH and EH are in opposite directions. These experimental results show that the fourth design (U-type) has the best flow uniformity among all different designs. In attempt to further improve flow uniformity of the U-type design, a triangular pyramid is placed in the feed header, which can further increase flow uniformity in each layer of the short-stack. Based on the best knowledge of the author, the present study is the first experimental measurement on the flow distributions in the short-stack of planar SOFC and should be useful for numerical simulations.

關鍵字(中)

★ 電池堆流率差異性
★ 流場均勻度
★ 外歧管
★ 固態氧化物燃料電池

關鍵字(英)

★ flow rate deviation.
★ flow uniformity
★ external manifolds
★ Solid oxide fuel cell

論文目次

第一章前言 1
1.1研究動機 1
1.2問題所在 3
1.3解決方法 4
1.4論文概要 5
2.1 SOFC的操作原理 7
2.1.1 電解質 7
2.1.2 觸媒與電極 9
2.1.3電極支撐型與電解質支撐型SOFC 10
2.1.4 三相邊界 11
2.1.5集電層概念應用 11
2.2 SOFC的發展 12
2.2.1 SOFC的歷史與發展現況 12
2.2.2 電池堆與發電成本 14
2.3流場特性分析之相關研究 15
2.3.1 影響流場特性因子 16
2.3.2流場特性與其他傳輸現象之相互關係 18
2.3.3電池堆的流場均勻度 19
2.4 流場可視化方法 19
第三章實驗設備與實驗方法 26
3.1 液態流場觀測水力平台 26
3.2 電池堆設計製作 27
3.3 染劑觀測方法 29
3.3.1螢光染劑觀測實驗方法 29
3.3.2藍色染劑觀測實驗方法 30
3.3.3影像截取 31
3.4 影像與速度分析方法 32
3.5 數值模擬 34
3.5.1 CFD軟體簡介 34
3.5.2 數值模擬模型 35
3.5.3 統御方程式 35
3.5.4 邊界條件設定 36
第四章結果與討論 42
4.1 流場均勻度與壓力分佈 42
4.2誤差分析 43
4.3 螢光染劑觀察法與藍色染液觀察法的誤差比較 45
4.4 U-type、Z-type與Conventional-type之流場均勻度分析 46
4.4.1 實驗測試 46
4.4.2 數值模擬結果 48
4.5 垂直型U-type與Z-type流場均勻度分析 49
4.6 U-type加上三角型導流裝置之流場均勻度分析 50
4.7 文獻比較 51
4.8 入口區寬度對流場均勻度的影響 52
4.9 雷諾數與流場均勻度之關係 52
第五章結論與未來工作 75
5.1 結論 75
5.1.1 電池堆流場觀測法 75
5.1.2 幾種進出口設計的流場均勻性比較 75
5.1.3 流場均勻性的較佳化 76
5.2 未來工作 76
5.2.1 流場均勻性的最佳化 76
5.2.2 電池堆流場均勻度的測試 76
5.2.3 實體電池系統的架設 77
參考文獻 78

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指導教授

施聖洋(Sheng-Yang Shy)

審核日期

2008-7-24

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