高延性鎂合金之特性及成形性研究

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徐章銓(Chang-chuan Hsu) 查詢紙本館藏

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機械工程學系

論文名稱

高延性鎂合金之特性及成形性研究
(Formability and Characteristics of High Ductile Magnesium Alloys)

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摘要(中)

鎂質輕(比重1.74)，可供結構件應用。但是鎂合金受限最密堆積六方(hcp)結構因素成形性較差。因此，藉由熱機處理和搭配熱處理製程嘗試獲得微細晶粒的Mg-Zn-Zr合金板材，進而達到高應變速率之超塑性供工業上應用。在這篇論文，主樣研究Mg-Zn-Zr合金經擠製、退火、及軋延的顯微組織及機械性質，及析出物對機械性質之影響。經350℃及80%軋延率軋延後，再265℃x16hrs退火之晶粒尺寸可達3μm之等軸晶，試片在高溫300℃、10-2S-1及10-3S-1拉伸應變速率下超塑性試驗，其伸長率分別可達240%及429%。
在論文中亦研究具有低密度及室溫良好成形性的α+β兩相之Mg-Li系合金，但是缺乏機械強度及加工硬化效能。選擇擠製之Mg-Li系合金經由不同製程如擠製+時效、擠製+冷軋、擠製+固溶、擠製+固溶+時效、及擠製+固溶+冷軋，探討顯微組織及機械性質，及析出物強化相之機制。結果發現擠製+固溶+冷軋過程中，以MgLiAlZn擠製板材經400℃x30mins固溶處理後，再經90%軋延率冷軋延，因固溶及加工強化雙重效果可提昇抗拉強度，由擠製時166MPa提昇至276MPa，伸長率仍有20%之高強度、高延性之MgLiAlZn板材。

摘要(英)

The magnesium is a very light metal(specific weight 1.74) that can be used for structural application. However, it is commonly recognized that magnesium possessed poor formability because of its hexagonal closed packed structure. Therefore, it is tempting to obtain the refining grain structure of Mg-Zn-Zr alloys plate passing through thermo-mechanical treatment processes and heat treatment, in order to get high strain rate superplasticity of Mg-Zn-Zr alloys for industry application. In this thesis, microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg-Zn-Zr alloy in as-extruded, as-annealed and subsequent rolled states are studied. The effects of deformation amount, possible precipitates on mechanical properties are examined. The result of grain size is reduced to the of 3μm after 80% rolled and at 265℃x16hrs annealed specimens. High temperature tensile tests indicated that the fine-grained rolling structure exhibited superplasticity，the elongation can reach 240% and 429% at strain rate of 10-2S-1 and 10-3S-1 respectively.
I also study two phase(α+β) Mg-Li series alloys，which have better mechanical properties and low density and high formability at room temperature. But Mg-Li series alloys normally have low strength and poor precipitation hardening effect. All those confine its application field. As-extruded of Mg-Li series alloys passed different processes such as extruded/natural aging, extruded/cold rolled, extruded/solid solution treatment, extruded/solid solution treatment/natural aging, and extruded/solid solution treatment/cold rolled . one effective process of improving the mechanical properties is that cold rolled 90% after solution treatment, which tensile strength from as-extruded at 166MPa get up to 276MPa.

關鍵字(中)

★ 熱機處理
★ 超塑性
★ 人工時效
★ 固溶處理
★ 軋延

關鍵字(英)

★ solid solution treatment
★ natural aging
★ rolling
★ thermo-mechanical treatment
★ superplasticity

論文目次

目錄
摘要……………………………………………………………i
Abstract…………………………………………………………ii
誌謝………………………………………………………………iv
目錄………………………………………………………………v
表目錄……………………………………………………………ix
圖目錄……………………………………………………………xi
第一章前言…………………………………………………1
1.1 研究背景……………………………………………………1
1.2 研究目的…………………………………………………2
1.3 研究方向…………………………………………………2
第二章文獻回顧……………………………………………4
2.1 鎂合金的特性……………………………………………4
2.2 鎂合金的簡介……………………………………………5
2.2.1鎂合金的命名方式…………………………………… 5
2.2.2鎂合金的分類………………………………………… 5
2.3 鎂合金的用途……………………………………………6
2.4 添加合金元素對鎂合金之影響…………………………8
2.5 鎂合金的塑性成形…………………………………… 11
2.5.1鎂合金的塑性變形理論……………………………11
2.5.2鎂合金的晶粒細化及方法…………………………13
2.5.3鎂合金的超塑性 …………………………………14
2.5.3.1 超塑性變形原理………………………………14
2.5.3.2 超塑性變形機構………………………………16
2.5.3.3 超塑性之必要條件……………………………17
2.5.3.4 高應變速率超塑性……………………………18
2.6 鎂合金的熱處理…………………………………………19
2.6.1退火處理……………………………………………20
2.6.1.1 回復……………………………………………20
2.6.1.2 再結晶…………………………………………21
2.6.1.3 動態再結晶……………………………………22
2.6.2 固溶和時效…………………………………………24
2.6.2.1 固溶處理………………………………………24
2.6.2.2 時效處理………………………………………24
2.6.2.3 固溶+時效………………………………… …25
2.6.2.3.1 析出硬化原理……………………………25
2.6.2.3.2 析出強化理論……………………………26
2.6.2.3.2.1 差排環機構…………………………26
2.6.2.3.2.2 切割機構……………………………26
2.7 Mg-Li系合金先前的研究……………………………… 28
2.8 Mg-Zn-Zr合金先前的研究………………………………31
第三章實驗方法與步驟……………………………………48
3.1 實驗流程…………………………………………………48
3.2 實驗材料…………………………………………………48
3.3 實驗設備…………………………………………………49
3.4 軋延與熱處理……………………………………………49
3.4.1 MgZnZr合金……………………………………… 49
3.4.2 MgLi系合金……………………………………… 50
3.5 DSC量測………………………………………………… 50
3.6 型相分析儀測試………………………………………… 51
3.7 XRD測試………………………………………………… 51
3.8機械性質測試…………………………………………… 51
3.8.1硬度測試…………………………………………… 51
3.8.2常溫拉伸測試……………………………………… 53
3.8.3高溫超塑性試驗…………………………………… 54
3.9顯微鏡組織觀察………………………………………… 54
3.9.1光學顯微鏡(OM)組織觀察………………………… 54
3.9.2掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)組織觀察…………………54
3.9.3穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)組織觀察…………………54
第四章 MgZnZr合金之研究結果與討論……………………68
4.1 再結晶溫度量測結果…………………………………… 68
4.2 XRD繞射分析結果……………………………………… 68
4.2.1 擠製與軋延之優選方位…………………………… 68
4.2.2 析出物XRD繞射分析……………………………… 69
4.3 機械性質試驗結果與討論……………………………… 70
4.3.1硬度測試………………………………………… 70
4.3.2常溫拉伸試驗………………………………………71
4.3.3高溫超塑性拉伸試驗………………………………72
4.4 顯微組織觀察……………………………………………72
4.4.1金相顯微組織………………………………………72
4.4.1.1擠製後之金相顯微組織………………………72
4.4.1.2擠製後退火之金相顯微組織…………………73
4.4.1.3軋延後之金相顯微組織………………………73
4.4.1.4軋延後退火之金相顯微組織…………………76
4.4.2 SEM/EDS析出物分析…………………………………77
4.4.3 TEM/EDS析出物分析…………………………………77
4.5 製程改良後之材料性質…………………………………79
4.5.1 機械性質試驗結果與討論…………………………79
4.5.1.1 常溫拉伸試驗…………………………………79
4.5.1.2 超塑性拉伸試驗………………………………79
4.5.2 顯微組織觀察結果與討論…………………………81
4.5.2.1金相顯微組織觀察……………………………81
4.5.2.2 SEM拉伸破斷面觀察……………………………82
4.6 結論………………………………………………………83
第五章 Mg-Li系合金之研究結果與討論……………… 141
5.1 MgLiAlZn合金………………………………………… 141
5.1.1 再結晶溫度量測結果…………………………… 141
5.1.2 製程分類之顯微組織及機械性質結果與討論… 141
5.1.2.1 擠製………………………………………… 141
5.1.2.2 擠製+時效………………………………… 142
5.1.2.3 擠製+軋延………………………………… 143
5.1.2.4 擠製+固溶………………………………… 144
5.1.2.5 擠製+固溶+時效…………………………… 145
5.1.2.6 擠製+固溶+軋延…………………………… 147
5.1.3綜合討論…………………………………………… 148
5.1.4結論………………………………………………… 149
5.2 MgLiZn合金之研究………………………………………150
5.2.1顯微組織觀察及成份分析…………………………150 5.2.2拉伸性質………………………………………… 151
5.2.3 結論…………………………………………………152
第六章總結………………………………………………… 174
參考文獻……………………………………………………… 177

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指導教授

李雄(Shyong Lee)

審核日期

2009-1-12

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