顧茲耐曲線之實證研究—以台灣家用垃圾製造量為例

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姓名

何修賢(Hsiu-hsien Ho) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

產業經濟研究所

論文名稱

顧茲耐曲線之實證研究—以台灣家用垃圾製造量為例
(The Empirical Evidence for Environmental Kuznets Curve: Base on public waste generation data from Taiwan.)

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摘要(中)

此篇論文主要針對環境經濟學當中之環境顧茲耐曲線做實證研究，並檢驗其是否存在於臺灣環境中。本研究目的為探討家用垃圾製造量與所得間之關係，討論是否會呈現出如同顧茲耐曲線所謂存在轉折點(Turning Point)之倒U字型曲線之理論現象，換言之，探討垃圾製造量是否隨著所得提升而惡化(增加)，但當所得達到一定程度之後，便開始改善(減少)垃圾製造量之現象。
　　關於資料蒐集方面，本研究從台灣行政院環境保護署之環保統計資料庫取得各鄉鎮家戶垃圾產生量資料，並另由行政院財政部財稅中心取得所需之各鄉鎮所得資料。本篇研究資料是以鄉鎮市資料為單位，並以此資料為本研究模型迴歸之依據，此一方式為國內文獻首見。
　　在研究方法上，根據過去探討垃圾製造量，並且針對單一國家之顧茲耐曲線實證研究，本研究主要分為三部份做檢驗分析；首先，檢驗混合迴歸(Pooling Regression)模型是否適合做為本研究之理論模型，並且比較其與長期追蹤資料法(Panel Data Method)之間何者較適合套用在本研究之中。此外，本研究亦討論模型中之倒U字型曲線是為較傾向二次式(Quadratic Model)或者為三次式(Cubic Model)之型式；而最後歸納出最具有效率之理論模型，並依此模型來評估是否高所得之鄉鎮市相較於低所得者，會呈現出較接近於轉折點(Turning Point)之結果。
　　本研究之實證結果中得出，台灣地區之垃圾製造量確實存在有所謂顧茲耐曲線之現象，並且得出二次式固定效果模型(Quadratic Fixed Effect Model)是最具有效率之理論模型，不過在高低所得差距影響之分析結果上，由於資料期間不足之故，於本研究中並無法得到高低所得之間差距在顧茲耐曲線分析上存在顯著差異之結果。

摘要(英)

This is an environmental economic research empirically examining the existence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and focusing on the public waste generation problem in Taiwan. In our research, we try to construct a statistical explanation toward the relationship between waste generation and income booming process, and test whether we can obtain invert-U shape result. We collect our waste data from EPA (Environmental Protecting Administrations) and income data from Ministry of Finance, then using the township data to approach the diminishing effect of environmental degradation.
About the estimation strategy, we firstly decide whether the panel regression model is better (comparing to pooling regression model), and secondly decide whether the quadratic model is more efficient than cubic. From our empirical result, we find that the quadratic fixed effect model is the most powerful one. Base on this model, we can strongly conclude the existence of EKC, a significant invert-U shape relationship between waste generation and income increasing process, and obtain the EKC turning point. Besides, we try to discuss whether the township with higher income level would be closer to the turning point. Due to small period of sample data, we can not acquire a reliable explanation from our empirical result.

關鍵字(中)

★ 環境顧茲耐曲線
★ 倒U字型曲線
★ 家用垃圾

關鍵字(英)

★ General Public Waste Generation
★ Waste
★ Panel Data
★ Environmental Kuznets Curve
★ EKC

論文目次

ABSTRACT II
中文摘要 III
CONTENTS V
LIST OF TABLES VII
LIST OF FIGURES VII
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1-1 MOTIVATION 2
1-2 RESEARCH STRATEGY 2
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2-1 BACKGROUND 4
2-2 CROSS-COUNTRY EVIDENCES 5
2-3 WITHIN-COUNTRY EVIDENCES 6
2-4 QUADRATIC AND CUBIC MODELS 6
2-5 EMPIRICAL STUDIES IN TAIWAN 7
CHAPTER 3 DATA DESCRIPTION 9
3-1 GENERAL PUBLIC WASTE GENERATION 9
3-2 INCOME DATA 11
3-3 CONTROLLING VARIABLES 12
CHAPTER 4 EMPIRICAL MODELS 16
4-1 ORDINAL EKC MODEL 16
4-2 POOLING CROSS-SECTION MODEL 16
4-3 PANEL REGRESSION MODEL 17
4-4 TESTS WITH DIFFERENT INCOME CATEGORIES 19
CHAPTER 5 EMPIRICAL RESULTS 21
5-1 POOLING OR PANEL MODELS 21
Random effect vs. Pooling 23
Fixed effect vs. Pooling 23
5-2 FIXED OR RANDOM MODELS 24
5-3 THE CUBIC EFFECTS 29
5-4 THE CORRESPONDING OF INVERT-U RESULTS 30
5-5 THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT INCOME GROUPS 31
5-6 OTHER CONTROLLING AND PROXY VARIABLES 34
Density 34
Age 34
Truck 35
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION 36
REFERENCES 38

參考文獻

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指導教授

劉錦龍(Jin-long Liu)

審核日期

2008-7-24

推文