適用於動態行車視訊壓縮之H.264移動估測

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葉忠偉(Yeh Chung) 查詢紙本館藏

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通訊工程學系在職專班

論文名稱

適用於動態行車視訊壓縮之H.264移動估測
(H.264 Motion Estimation Algorithm for Moving Vehicle Video Compression)

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摘要(中)

動態行車視訊應用非常廣泛，例如:可作為測速影像、行車即時監控與行車紀錄器等用途。當動態行車視訊被使用在高速行駛車輛上，現今先進的H.264影像編碼未必能達到有效的移動估測。若一段影片有受到動態行車所影響，基於動態行車視訊的特性，我們個別依畫面遠近景運算動態行車視訊因子(Speed Factor)，可更準確預測動態行車視訊移動向量，取代原H.264區塊導向的移動向量(MV prediction)，本研究所提出「修改型動態行車視訊因子移動向量(Modify Motion Vector of Speed Factor)」取代H.264在移動估測流程內「移動向量預測搜尋中心(MV Predict Search Center) 」，並依緩慢移動區塊(stationary region)的特性，結合本研究所提出「動態行車視訊因子移動向量差(Motion Vector Difference of Speed Factor)」作為區塊模式決策運算，可減少模式決策運算量並節省區塊編碼時間。本研究所提出的方法仍可相容於H.264 標準。
本研究所提出演算法(不含減少模式決策運算)，在相同實驗條件下與H.264比較，會造成PSNR提升0.018dB與bit-rate減少1.21%，但增加16.55%編碼時間。另本研究所提出演算法(含減少模式決策運算)，在相同實驗條件下與H.264比較，此演算法會造成PSNR減少0.001875 dB、bit-rate增加0.3%，可節省10.42%編碼時間。

摘要(英)

High quality videos captured on moving vehicles are essential in many applications, such as speed-measuring, surveillance, and reconnaissance. The current state-of-art H.264 video coding may not be very effective in motion estimation when it is used in high speed moving vehicles. Based on the characteristics of moving vehicles, the motion vector can be more accurately predicted by incorporating the “Speed Factor” into the computation of the H.264 block-oriented MV prediction. This thesis proposes "Modified Motion Vector by Speed Factor" to replace" MV Prediction Search Center" in H.264. Based on characteristics of stationary region, we also propose a fast mode decision method that uses "Motion Vector Difference by Speed Factor" as block model decision criterion which can decrease model decision computation and save coding time. In addition, the proposed method is still H.264 standard compatible.
Comparing with H.264 with the same experimental setups, the proposed algorithm without fast mode reduction decision improves the image quality by increasing 0.018dB in PSNR and decreasing 1.21% in bit-rate, but increases 16.55% coding time. On the other hand, the proposed algorithm with fast mode reduction decision can saves 10.42% coding time with minor image quality degradation of 0.001875 dB decreasing in PSNR and 0.3% bit-rate increasing.

關鍵字(中)

★ 動態行車視訊壓縮
★ 動態行車視訊因子
★ 移動估測

關鍵字(英)

★ Motion Estimation
★ Moving Vehicle Video Compression
★ Speed Factor

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
附圖索引 VI
附表索引 IX
第一章. 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 3
1.3 研究目的 3
1.4 論文架構 4
第二章. H.264移動估測與相關文獻回顧 5
2.1 H.264視訊壓縮標準回顧 5
2.1.1 H.264架構介紹 5
2.1.1.1 畫面內預測( Intra Prediction ) 6
2.1.1.2 畫面間預測( Inter Prediction ) 9
2.1.1.3 轉換、量化與熵編碼 12
2.2 移動估測(motion estimation, ME) 12
2.2.1 可變區塊大小(variable block size)的移動估測 14
2.2.2 非整數點的移動估測 15
2.3 攝影鏡頭拉近因子(zoom-in factor)之移動估測演算法 16
2.3.1 攝影鏡頭拉近之移動 16
2.3.2 攝影鏡頭拉近移動之理想假設 18
2.3.3 攝影鏡頭拉近因子之移動估測演算法 19
2.4 動態行車視訊研討 22
第三章. 動態行車視訊壓縮之移動估測演算法 30
3.1 動態行車視訊因子(speed factor)之移動估測演算法 30
3.1.1 動態行車視訊因子(speed factor) 30
3.1.2 動態行車視訊因子(speed factor)之移動估測演算法 32
3.2 動態行車視訊因子之移動估測運作流程 39
3.3 動態行車視訊因子移動估測減少模式決策運算演算法 43
3.4 攝影鏡頭拉近因子與動態行車視訊因子移動估測演算法比較 46
第四章. 實驗結果與討論 56
4.1 實驗參數環境 56
4.2 動態行車視訊因子移動估測不含減少模式決策運算(without Mode Reduction)效能分析與比較 62
4.3 動態行車視訊因子移動估測減少模式決策運算(Mode Reduction,MR)效能分析與比較 74
4.4 動態行車視訊因子移動估測依不同車速實驗之效能分析與比較 83
第五章. 結論 95
參考文獻 97

參考文獻

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指導教授

張寶基(Pao-Chi Chang)

審核日期

2009-2-3

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