接觸式膠囊內視鏡之成像系統設計

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姓名

陳兆俞(Chao-Yu Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

光電科學與工程學系

論文名稱

接觸式膠囊內視鏡之成像系統設計
(Design of Imaging System in Contact Capsule Endoscope)

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摘要(中)

目前膠囊內視鏡成像系統的應用上，面臨一些難以突破之問題，例如影像不清晰、影像視角過小、無法完全撐開腸道皺摺死角、以及無法控制膠囊行進速度等問題，往往造成醫師診療上的困難。如何運用非廣角鏡頭卻能獲得超廣角的腸道檢體影像，提供醫學上檢測人體內贅生細胞組織，是本論文最主要的課題。提供一個簡單、實用的設計方式，建立一個完整、清晰的全方位視景（omni-directional view）之小腸環場影像，以提供腸道病徵分析檢測之用，更能提高腸道疾病的鑑別率。
本研究利用光學設計軟體建立接觸式膠囊內視鏡成像系統光學模型，包含環狀物面、環狀透明觀景窗、錐狀光學反射鏡、兩片式鏡組以及像平面。克服膠囊內視鏡機構空間有限的限制，針對接觸式膠囊內視鏡作錐狀光學反射鏡及專用鏡頭之設計。藉由增加鏡組焦數及改變錐狀光學反射鏡的位置，來改善錐狀光學反射鏡之像散現象，以提升接觸式膠囊內視鏡成像品質。設計得到一個視場角FOV =65.08度、焦數F/#=4.2的新鏡組，並且取得三個視場的光點半徑大小在17μm以下，增加了接觸式膠囊內視鏡可利用的視場範圍。在空間頻率100lp/mm的最大MTF 由使用初始兩片式鏡組時的7%提升到新鏡組的36%。可以提供給有效像素為512×512，像素大小5.6μm的CMOS 影像感測器更佳的成像品質。

摘要(英)

Recently, the applications of the capsule endoscope which face the problems, including unclear image, low viewing angle, the enteric fold which is unable to be held opening completely, and the velocity of the capsule endoscope which is unable to control in alimentary canal. All of the above are difficult for doctors to check. In order to improve the disadvantages of the capsule endoscope, we offer a designed method that is simple and practical. We also establish a completed and clear omni-directional view of the small intestine to provide doctors for check.
This study tries to utilize the prospective optical method to solve the problems of the capsule endoscope. We propose an innovative way that making 360 degrees of images of the field of ring within small intestine. The images of the enteric fold’s surfaces can be taken from the sideway of the capsule endoscope without anywhere which is covered and hided by enteric folds. This study proposes that how to use a cone mirror as the reflection plane of the contact capsule endoscope. Using the annular transparent view window to observe the sideway images of alimentary canal. Most important of all, we should reduce disadvantages when we observe the dead spaces where are caused by enteric fold. In addition, the velocity of the capsule endoscope can also be obtained accurately than before. We can not only reduce the astigmatism effect of the image system which is caused by cone mirror, but also design the new double lenses for the contact capsule endoscope. The view’s field of the new double lenses can reach to 65.08 degrees. When F/#=4.2, the RMS spot radii of three fields are less than 17?m, the MTF of tangential rays improve from -7.762% to 36% at 100lp/mm, and the distortion reduce from -7.762% to -5.0595%.

關鍵字(中)

★ 成像系統
★ 錐狀光學反射鏡
★ 全方位視景
★ 膠囊內視鏡

關鍵字(英)

★ cone mirror
★ omni-directional view
★ capsule endoscope

論文目次

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………… i
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………… ii
致謝………………………………………………………………………… iii
目錄………………………………………………………………………… iv
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………… vii
表目錄……………………………………………………………………… xi
第一章緒論………………………………………………………………… 1
1-1 研究背景與目的……………………………………………………… 1
1-2 國內外膠囊內視鏡之研究發展……………………………………… 3
1-3 擷取環場腸道影像…………………………………………………… 6
1-3.1 全方位視景系統…………………………………………………… 6
1-3.2 錐狀光學反射鏡…………………………………………………… 11
1-4 接觸式膠囊內視鏡與一般膠囊內視鏡之差異……………………… 12
1-5 研究動機與目的……………………………………………………… 16
第二章光學設計原理……………………………………………………… 17
2-1 成像原理……………………………………………………………… 17
2-2 反射定律……………………………………………………………… 18
2-3 符號定義……………………………………………………………… 18
2-4 光學像差理論………………………………………………………… 20
2-4.1 單色像差…………………………………………………………… 20
2-4.2 色差………………………………………………………………… 24
2-5 近軸光線追跡原理…………………………………………………… 25
2-6 形狀因子及共軛因子………………………………………………… 27
2-7 非球面理論…………………………………………………………… 28
2-8 景深理論……………………………………………………………… 30
第三章接觸式膠囊內視鏡結構…………………………………………… 34
3-1 錐狀光學反射鏡之幾何設計………………………………………… 34
3-1.1 使用兩片式鏡組…………………………………………………… 35
3-1.2 錐狀光學反射鏡尺寸計算………………………………………… 38
3-2 建立光學模型………………………………………………………… 41
3-2.1 光圈設定…………………………………………………………… 41
3-2.2 透鏡參數設定……………………………………………………… 42
3-2.3 錐狀光學反射鏡設定……………………………………………… 42
3-2.4 透明觀景窗設定…………………………………………………… 43
第四章模擬分析與實驗…………………………………………………… 44
4-1像差分析……………………………………………………………… 44
4-1.1 像散與柯丁頓方程式……………………………………………… 44
4-1.2 薄透鏡像散誤差…………………………………………………… 46
4-1.3 球面鏡像散誤差…………………………………………………… 48
4-1.4 折反射成像系統的像散效應……………………………………… 49
4-2 光點圖………………………………………………………………… 53
4-3 MTF圖………………………………………………………………… 59
4-4 實際成像拍攝………………………………………………………… 61
4-5 設計流程……………………………………………………………… 65
第五章接觸式膠囊內視鏡鏡頭設計步驟………………………………… 66
5-1 鏡頭規格訂定………………………………………………………… 66
5-1.1 有效焦距及物像距………………………………………………… 66
5-1.2 視場角……………………………………………………………… 67
5-2 初始值計算…………………………………………………………… 67
5-2.1 折光率計算………………………………………………………… 68
5-2.2 形狀因子及共軛因子計算………………………………………… 70
5-2.3 透鏡曲率計算與增厚……………………………………………… 71
5-3 優化設計……………………………………………………………… 74
5-3.1 兩片式鏡組優化設計……………………………………………… 77
5-3.2 新鏡組優化設計…………………………………………………… 80
5-3.3 使用新鏡組的接觸式膠囊內視鏡………………………………… 86
5-3.4 改變焦數與錐狀光學反射鏡位置………………………………… 91
5-4 設計結果討論………………………………………………………… 94
第六章結論與未來展望…………………………………………………… 97
6-1 結論…………………………………………………………………… 97
6-2 未來展望……………………………………………………………… 98
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………… 99
個人著作…………………………………………………………………… 103

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指導教授

歐陽盟(Mang Ou-Yang)

審核日期

2009-7-16

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