中文字詞辨識的語音運作單位

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沈雯琰(Wen-yen Shen) 查詢紙本館藏

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認知與神經科學研究所

論文名稱

中文字詞辨識的語音運作單位
(The unit of phonological processing in Chinese character identification)

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摘要(中)

中文字詞辨識歷程中，語音所扮演的角色一直是個熱門且未有定論的議題，特別是語音是否必然伴隨字詞辨識產生、語音是否在字義接觸前發生兩個議題上，引起相當多的討論。在過去的研究裡，研究者常用觸發效應來檢視語音在字詞辨識裡所扮演的角色，但是，研究卻呈現非常不一致的結果。本研究首先回顧過去的論文，並提出一個假設，嘗試用來檢視語音觸發效果不一致的原因，並進一步以實驗方式檢驗該假說。拼音文字的研究認為字詞辨識存在兩種歷程，一種是解碼，另一個是進行拼音的確認。本研究認為在中文字詞辨識歷程中，即使在辨識初期有語音介入，但因為需要依靠字形確認字詞意義，因此辨識中文時，字形確認的功能其影響權重會比拼音文字重要，而在觸發典範中，字形會產生穩定的抑制效應，因此，字形確認的運作可能抵銷語音所引起的促進觸發效果，使得過往的研究呈現不一致的語音觸發效應。為了驗證此假說，實驗一、二試圖比較沒有使用遮蔽及有使用遮蔽的情況下音義的觸發效應。在實驗二裡採用遮蔽的方式企圖降低觸發項字形確認的干擾作用，以檢視同音觸發與義似觸發效果。在相同的刺激材料以及類似的程序下，研究發現在沒有遮蔽的情形下，低頻目標字並沒有語音觸發效果，但是在遮蔽介入的情形下，低頻目標字可以產生語音觸發效果。實驗三則進一步討論語音觸發的運作單位為何，在遮蔽觸發典範裡的念名作業發現當目標字為低頻時，同音、同音首以及同韻母的觸發類型都出現顯著的促進效果。實驗四則使用注音符號為觸發項，在遮蔽觸發典範裡的念名作業裡，目標字為低頻字時，同音首及同韻母均有促進效果，但只有同音首促進效果達顯著。實驗五則進一步利用腦電波的研究，檢視產生觸發效果的語音單位，發現在不同時間階段觸發類型引發不同的腦波變化。

摘要(英)

This study mainly explored the phonological processing in Chinese character recognition by behavioral and electrophysiological approaches. The first issue was to find the experimental paradigm which is sensitive to the processing of phonological information. The unmasked priming paradigm and four-field priming paradigm were used in experiment 1 and 2 respectively to investigate priming effects. Results indicated an enlarged facilitated effect of homophonic priming on naming latencies when four-field priming paradigm was used. In experiment 3, I used the four-field priming paradigm and manipulated the character frequency (low and high) and four prime types to examine if subcomponent exits in phonological processing in naming of Chinese characters. Behavioral data showed significant facilitation effects of prime types when the target was of low frequency. Experiment 4 adopted the same procedure as experiment 2 and manipulated the character frequency and prime types to evaluate the effects of initial priming and final priming on naming Chinese characters. Results indicated that when the target character was of low frequency, the facilitated priming effects were found when the prime and the target share the same initial. In experiment 5, electrophysiological approaches were adopted to examine the time course of initial and final priming. Results indicated that there were facilitated priming effects in the rhyme-related condition. These results appear to support an important role of phonological processing and indeed subcomponent exists in identification of Chinese characters.

關鍵字(中)

★ 中文字詞辨識
★ 遮蔽觸發典範
★ 語音促進效果

關鍵字(英)

★ masked priming paradigm
★ Chinese character identification
★ phonological priming

論文目次

中文摘要 ………………………………………………………… i
英文摘要 ………………………………………………………… ii
誌謝 ………………………………………………………… iii
目錄 ………………………………………………………… v
圖目錄 ………………………………………………………… vii
表目錄 ………………………………………………………… viii
文獻探討
導讀 ………………………………………………………… 1
中文字的結構與特性………………………………… 1
字詞辨識歷程………………………………………… 4
英文的字詞辨識歷程…………………………… 4
字詞辨識歷程的聲韻處理………………… 4
雙路徑假說（dual-route model）… 4
雙循環模型（two-cycles model）………………… 5
確認模型（verication model）…………………… 6
語音運作單位……………………………… 9
中文的字詞辨識歷程…………………………… 11
語音在中文字詞辨識歷程中的可能作用……… 15
實驗一
研究方法……………………………………………… 16
結果與討論…………………………………………… 19
實驗二
研究方法……………………………………………… 22
結果與討論…………………………………………… 23
實驗三
研究方法……………………………………………… 26
結果與討論…………………………………………… 29
實驗四
研究方法……………………………………………… 32
結果與討論…………………………………………… 34
實驗五
研究方法……………………………………………… 43
結果與討論…………………………………………… 48
綜合討論 ………………………………………………………… 58
參考文獻 ………………………………………………………… 63
附錄 ………………………………………………………… 67

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指導教授

李俊仁、鄭仕坤
(Jun-Ren Lee、Shih-Kuen Cheng)

審核日期

2009-7-6

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