以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：3

、訪客IP：3.15.3.154

姓名	陳以忱(I-Chenn Chen)  查詢紙本館藏	畢業系所	天文研究所
論文名稱	(Color Variabilities of Spectrally-defined Red QSOs at z = 0.3 − 1.2)
相關論文	★ 亮紅外線星系ARP 55的CO(J=2-1)和CO(J=1-0)之譜線研究 ★ 合併中之明亮紅外線星系的次毫米波段觀測 ★ 后髮座星系團內相對論性電子能譜的數值計算 ★ 萊曼α吸收雲的運動學SZ效應所引起之宇宙背景輻射非均向性 ★ 類星體-星系對 0248+430 中的原子與分子氣體 ★ 亮紅外星系 NGC 6090 中分子氣體之研究 ★ X射線背景輻射對星系團質量-溫度關係之限制 ★ AM CVn系統之可見光觀測 ★ 利用電波與近紅外線觀測資料研究活躍星系核的性質 ★ 具有偏極化寬譜線與不具有偏極化寬譜線的西佛二型星系之塵埃型態 ★ On the Origin of the Radio Emission of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies ★ 使用近紅外波段搜尋高質量X射線雙星的光學對應體 ★ 窄線西佛I型星系之電波及紅外線性質 ★ 合併星系的快速搜尋法 ★ 活躍星系中分子雲之物理特性 ★ 伽瑪射線爆周圍環境探討
檔案	[Endnote RIS 格式]    [Bibtex 格式]    [相關文章]   [文章引用]   [完整記錄]   [館藏目錄]   [檢視]  [下載] 本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。 已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。 請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。
摘要(中)	在這篇論文中，我們利用泛星巡天計畫的資料追蹤了34個紅移值介於 0.3和1.2之間的偏紅類星體及122個正常類星體的光度及顏色變化。類星體在光學波段的顏色較為偏藍；然而，在過去三十年間，天文學家陸續發現了為數不少的顏色較為偏紅的類星體。這些偏紅類星體的主要成因和確切定義尚未有明確定論。利用類星體的光譜，我們藉由計算靜止參考系上 3000 埃及 4000 埃的光通量密度比值，定義了偏紅類星體及正常類星體。在 34 個偏紅類星體中，我們發現有 16 個類星體被識別為展源；這些被識別為展源的類星體在短波長端往往呈現較大的光度及顏色變化，我們認為這是由於該類星體的宿主星系中，恆星光的汙染所造成的。另一方面，我們也發現有一些被識別為點源的類星體其顏色變化程度之大，足以改變我們利用光譜所定義它們的顏色分類。由於這些類星體的顏色變化時間尺度相當短（泛星計畫的巡天時間僅有四年），所以我們認為造成該顏色變化的物理機制的規模尺度應當非常小，可能僅有數光年的大小。我們發現有些偏紅類星體的光譜可以用正常類星體被塵埃紅化後的光譜加以解釋。然而，也有一些偏紅類星體的光譜是完全無法用塵埃紅化加以解釋的。
摘要(英)	We study the brightness and the color variabilities of 34 red and 122 typical quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) at ? = 0.3 − 1.2 using data from the Pan-STARRS Medium Deep Survey. The red and the typical QSOs are selected based on the ratios of the flux densities at 3000 Å to those at 4000 Å in the rest frame. We find that 16 out of 34 red QSOs are identified as extended sources, which exhibit strong brightness and color variabilities at shorter wavelengths due to the contamination of the emission from their host galaxies. Some point-like QSOs with significant color variabilities are able to change their color classification according to our spectral definition. The time scales of the color variabilities for these point-like QSOs are within four years, suggesting that the size scales of the mechanisms producing the color variabilities are less than a few light-years. The spectra of some extended and point-like red QSOs can be well fitted with the dust-reddened spectra of a typical QSO, while others are difficult to explain with dust reddening.
關鍵字(中)	★ 類星體 ★ 活躍星系核 ★ 星系	關鍵字(英)	★ galaxies: active ★ galaxies: nuclei ★ (galaxies:) quasars: general
論文目次	摘要 ii Abstract iii Acknowledgements iv List of figures vii List of tables viii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Red QSOs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Variability of QSOs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Different Selection of Red QSOs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.4 Outline of This Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Selection of Red QSOs 4 3 Data Analysis 8 4 Results 10 4.1 Brightness Variability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.2 Color Variability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5 Discussion 20 5.1 Host Galaxy Contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.2 Dust Reddening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5.3 Influence of Emission Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.4 Influence of Cosmological Time Dilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Table of contents 6 Summary 27 References 29 Appendix A Information of the selected QSOs 34 Appendix B Installing the CUED class file 39
參考文獻	Ai, Y. L., Yuan, W., Zhou, H. Y., Wang, T. G., Dong, X.-B., Wang, J. G., and Lu, H. L. (2010). Dependence of the Optical/Ultraviolet Variability on the Emission-line Properties and Eddington Ratio in Active Galactic Nuclei. ApJ, 716:L31–L35. Antonucci, R. (1993). Unified models for active galactic nuclei and quasars. ARA&A, 31:473–521. Benn, C. R., Vigotti, M., Carballo, R., Gonzalez-Serrano, J. I., and Sánchez, S. F. (1998). Red quasars not so dusty. MNRAS, 295:451. Chambers, K. C. (2011). The First year of the Pan-STARRS 1 System: Surveys, Cadences, Data Products, and Performance. In American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #218, volume 43 of Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, page 113.01. Cristiani, S., Trentini, S., La Franca, F., and Andreani, P. (1997). The optical variability of QSOs. II. The wavelength dependence. A&A, 321:123–128. Fukugita, M., Ichikawa, T., Gunn, J. E., Doi, M., Shimasaku, K., and Schneider, D. P. (1996). The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Photometric System. AJ, 111:1748. Fynbo, J. P. U., Krogager, J.-K., Venemans, B., Noterdaeme, P., Vestergaard, M., Møller, P., Ledoux, C., and Geier, S. (2013). Optical/Near-infrared Selection of Red Quasi-stellar Objects: Evidence for Steep Extinction Curves toward Galactic Centers? ApJS, 204:6. Giveon, U., Maoz, D., Kaspi, S., Netzer, H., and Smith, P. S. (1999). Long-term optical variability properties of the Palomar-Green quasars. MNRAS, 306:637–654. Glikman, E., Gregg, M. D., Lacy, M., Helfand, D. J., Becker, R. H., and White, R. L. (2004). FIRST-2Mass Sources below the APM Detection Threshold: A Population of Highly Red- dened Quasars. ApJ, 607:60–75. Glikman, E., Helfand, D. J., White, R. L., Becker, R. H., Gregg, M. D., and Lacy, M. (2007). The FIRST-2MASS Red Quasar Survey. ApJ, 667:673–703. Glikman, E., Urrutia, T., Lacy, M., Djorgovski, S. G., Mahabal, A., Myers, A. D., Ross, N. P., Petitjean, P., Ge, J., Schneider, D. P., and York, D. G. (2012). FIRST-2MASS Red Quasars: Transitional Objects Emerging from the Dust. ApJ, 757:51. Glikman, E., Urrutia, T., Lacy, M., Djorgovski, S. G., Urry, M., Croom, S., Schneider, D. P., Mahabal, A., Graham, M., and Ge, J. (2013). Dust Reddened Quasars in FIRST and UKIDSS: Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg. ApJ, 778:127. Hall, P. B., Gallagher, S. C., Richards, G. T., Alexander, D. M., Anderson, S. F., Bauer, F., Brandt, W. N., and Schneider, D. P. (2006). Chandra Observations of Red Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasars. AJ, 132:1977–1988. Hawkins, M. R. S. (2003). Colour changes in quasar light curves. MNRAS, 344:492–500. Hodapp, K. W., Kaiser, N., Aussel, H., Burgett, W., Chambers, K. C., Chun, M., Dombeck, T., Douglas, A., Hafner, D., Heasley, J., Hoblitt, J., Hude, C., Isani, S., Jedicke, R., Je- witt, D., Laux, U., Luppino, G. A., Lupton, R., Maberry, M., Magnier, E., Mannery, E., Monet, D., Morgan, J., Onaka, P., Price, P., Ryan, A., Siegmund, W., Szapudi, I., Tonry, J., Wainscoat, R., and Waterson, M. (2004). Design of the Pan-STARRS telescopes. As- tronomische Nachrichten, 325:636–642. Kaiser, N., Aussel, H., Burke, B. E., Boesgaard, H., Chambers, K., Chun, M. R., Heasley, J. N., Hodapp, K.-W., Hunt, B., Jedicke, R., Jewitt, D., Kudritzki, R., Luppino, G. A., Maberry, M., Magnier, E., Monet, D. G., Onaka, P. M., Pickles, A. J., Rhoads, P. H. H., Simon, T., Szalay, A., Szapudi, I., Tholen, D. J., Tonry, J. L., Waterson, M., and Wick, J. (2002). Pan-STARRS: A Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Array. In Tyson, J. A. and Wolff, S., editors, Survey and Other Telescope Technologies and Discoveries, volume 4836 of Proc. SPIE, pages 154–164. Kaiser, N., Burgett, W., Chambers, K., Denneau, L., Heasley, J., Jedicke, R., Magnier, E., Morgan, J., Onaka, P., and Tonry, J. (2010). The Pan-STARRS wide-field opti- cal/NIR imaging survey. In Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes III, volume 7733 of Proc. SPIE, page 77330E. Kawaguchi, T., Mineshige, S., Umemura, M., and Turner, E. L. (1998). Optical Variability in Active Galactic Nuclei: Starbursts or Disk Instabilities? ApJ, 504:671–679. Magnier, E. (2006). The Pan-STARRS PS1 Image Processing Pipeline. In The Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference, page E50. Magnier, E. (2007). Calibration of the Pan-STARRS 3? Survey. In Sterken, C., editor, The Future of Photometric, Spectrophotometric and Polarimetric Standardization, volume 364 of Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, page 153. Magnier, E. A., Liu, M., Monet, D. G., and Chambers, K. C. (2008). The extended solar neighborhood: precision astrometry from the Pan-STARRS 1 3? Survey. In Jin, W. J., Platais, I., and Perryman, M. A. C., editors, A Giant Step: from Milli- to Micro-arcsecond Astrometry, volume 248 of IAU Symposium, pages 553–559. Magnier, E. A., Schlafly, E., Finkbeiner, D., Juric, M., Tonry, J. L., Burgett, W. S., Cham- bers, K. C., Flewelling, H. A., Kaiser, N., Kudritzki, R.-P., Morgan, J. S., Price, P. A., Sweeney, W. E., and Stubbs, C. W. (2013). The Pan-STARRS 1 Photometric Reference Ladder, Release 12.01. ApJS, 205:20. Malkan, M. A. and Sargent, W. L. W. (1982). The ultraviolet excess of Seyfert 1 galaxies and quasars. ApJ, 254:22–37. Matthews, T. A. and Sandage, A. R. (1963). Optical Identification of 3C 48, 3C 196, and 3C 286 with Stellar Objects. ApJ, 138:30. Oke, J. B. and Gunn, J. E. (1983). Secondary standard stars for absolute spectrophotometry. ApJ, 266:713–717. Pei, Y. C. (1992). Interstellar dust from the Milky Way to the Magellanic Clouds. ApJ, 395:130–139. Pereyra, N. A., Vanden Berk, D. E., Turnshek, D. A., Hillier, D. J., Wilhite, B. C., Kron, R. G., Schneider, D. P., and Brinkmann, J. (2006). Characteristic QSO Accretion Disk Temperatures from Spectroscopic Continuum Variability. ApJ, 642:87–95. Rees, M. J. (1984). Black Hole Models for Active Galactic Nuclei. ARA&A, 22:471–506. Richards, G. T., Hall, P. B., Vanden Berk, D. E., Strauss, M. A., Schneider, D. P., Weinstein, M. A., Reichard, T. A., York, D. G., Knapp, G. R., Fan, X., Ivezić, Ž., Brinkmann, J., Budavári, T., Csabai, I., and Nichol, R. C. (2003). Red and Reddened Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. AJ, 126:1131–1147. Sakata, Y., Morokuma, T., Minezaki, T., Yoshii, Y., Kobayashi, Y., Koshida, S., and Sameshima, H. (2011). Ultraviolet Continuum Color Variability of Luminous Sloan Dig- ital Sky Survey QSOs. ApJ, 731:50. Sanders, D. B., Soifer, B. T., Elias, J. H., Madore, B. F., Matthews, K., Neugebauer, G., and Scoville, N. Z. (1988). Ultraluminous infrared galaxies and the origin of quasars. ApJ, 325:74–91. Schlafly, E. F., Finkbeiner, D. P., Jurić, M., Magnier, E. A., Burgett, W. S., Chambers, K. C., Grav, T., Hodapp, K. W., Kaiser, N., Kudritzki, R.-P., Martin, N. F., Morgan, J. S., Price, P. A., Rix, H.-W., Stubbs, C. W., Tonry, J. L., and Wainscoat, R. J. (2012). Photometric Calibration of the First 1.5 Years of the Pan-STARRS1 Survey. ApJ, 756:158. Schmidt, K. B., Rix, H.-W., Shields, J. C., Knecht, M., Hogg, D. W., Maoz, D., and Bovy, J. (2012). The Color Variability of Quasars. ApJ, 744:147. Schmidt, M. (1963). 3C 273 : A Star-Like Object with Large Red-Shift. Nature, 197:1040. Schneider, D. P., Richards, G. T., Hall, P. B., Strauss, M. A., Anderson, S. F., Boroson, T. A., Ross, N. P., Shen, Y., Brandt, W. N., Fan, X., Inada, N., Jester, S., Knapp, G. R., Krawczyk, C. M., Thakar, A. R., Vanden Berk, D. E., Voges, W., Yanny, B., York, D. G., Bahcall, N. A., Bizyaev, D., Blanton, M. R., Brewington, H., Brinkmann, J., Eisenstein, D., Frieman, J. A., Fukugita, M., Gray, J., Gunn, J. E., Hibon, P., Ivezić, Ž., Kent, S. M., Kron, R. G., Lee, M. G., Lupton, R. H., Malanushenko, E., Malanushenko, V., Oravetz, D., Pan, K., Pier, J. R., Price, III, T. N., Saxe, D. H., Schlegel, D. J., Simmons, A., Snedden, S. A., SubbaRao, M. U., Szalay, A. S., and Weinberg, D. H. (2010). The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog. V. Seventh Data Release. AJ, 139:2360. Shields, G. A. (1978). Ionization structure and composition of the planetary nebula NGC 7027. ApJ, 219:565–574. Sun, Y.-H., Wang, J.-X., Chen, X.-Y., and Zheng, Z.-Y. (2014). The Discovery of Timescale- dependent Color Variability of Quasars. ApJ, 792:54. Tonry, J. L., Stubbs, C. W., Lykke, K. R., Doherty, P., Shivvers, I. S., Burgett, W. S., Cham- bers, K. C., Hodapp, K. W., Kaiser, N., Kudritzki, R.-P., Magnier, E. A., Morgan, J. S., Price, P. A., and Wainscoat, R. J. (2012). The Pan-STARRS1 Photometric System. ApJ, 750:99. Ulrich, M.-H., Maraschi, L., and Urry, C. M. (1997). Variability of Active Galactic Nuclei. ARA&A, 35:445–502. Urrutia, T., Becker, R. H., White, R. L., Glikman, E., Lacy, M., Hodge, J., and Gregg, M. D. (2009). The FIRST-2MASS Red Quasar Survey. II. An Anomalously High Fraction of LoBALs in Searches for Dust-Reddened Quasars. ApJ, 698:1095–1109. Urry, C. M. and Padovani, P. (1995). Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei. PASP, 107:803. Vanden Berk, D. E., Richards, G. T., Bauer, A., Strauss, M. A., Schneider, D. P., Heckman, T. M., York, D. G., Hall, P. B., Fan, X., Knapp, G. R., Anderson, S. F., Annis, J., Bahcall, N. A., Bernardi, M., Briggs, J. W., Brinkmann, J., Brunner, R., Burles, S., Carey, L., Cas- tander, F. J., Connolly, A. J., Crocker, J. H., Csabai, I., Doi, M., Finkbeiner, D., Friedman, S., Frieman, J. A., Fukugita, M., Gunn, J. E., Hennessy, G. S., Ivezić, Ž., Kent, S., Kun- szt, P. Z., Lamb, D. Q., Leger, R. F., Long, D. C., Loveday, J., Lupton, R. H., Meiksin, A., Merelli, A., Munn, J. A., Newberg, H. J., Newcomb, M., Nichol, R. C., Owen, R., Pier, J. R., Pope, A., Rockosi, C. M., Schlegel, D. J., Siegmund, W. A., Smee, S., Snir, Y., Stoughton, C., Stubbs, C., SubbaRao, M., Szalay, A. S., Szokoly, G. P., Tremonti, C., Uomoto, A., Waddell, P., Yanny, B., and Zheng, W. (2001). Composite Quasar Spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. AJ, 122:549–564. Vanden Berk, D. E., Wilhite, B. C., Kron, R. G., Anderson, S. F., Brunner, R. J., Hall, P. B., Ivezić, Ž., Richards, G. T., Schneider, D. P., York, D. G., Brinkmann, J. V., Lamb, D. Q., Nichol, R. C., and Schlegel, D. J. (2004). The Ensemble Photometric Variability of ˜25,000 Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. ApJ, 601:692–714. Walcher, J., Groves, B., Budavári, T., and Dale, D. (2011). Fitting the integrated spectral energy distributions of galaxies. Ap&SS, 331:1–52. Webster, R. L., Francis, P. J., Petersont, B. A., Drinkwater, M. J., and Masci, F. J. (1995). Evidence for a large undetected population of dust-reddened quasars. Nature, 375:469– 471. Whiting, M. T., Webster, R. L., and Francis, P. J. (2001). Red synchrotron jets in Parkes quasars. MNRAS, 323:718–732. Wilhite, B. C., Vanden Berk, D. E., Kron, R. G., Schneider, D. P., Pereyra, N., Brunner, R. J., Richards, G. T., and Brinkmann, J. V. (2005). Spectral Variability of Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. Wavelength Dependence. ApJ, 633:638–648. Wills, B. J., Netzer, H., and Wills, D. (1985). Broad emission features in QSOs and active galactic nuclei. II - New observations and theory of Fe II and H I emission. ApJ, 288:94– 116. Yip, C. W., Connolly, A. J., Vanden Berk, D. E., Scranton, R., Krughoff, S., Szalay, A. S., Dobos, L., Tremonti, C., Taghizadeh-Popp, M., Budavári, T., Csabai, I., Wyse, R. F. G., and Ivezić, Ž. (2009). Probing Spectroscopic Variability of Galaxies and Narrow-Line Active Galactic Nuclei in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. AJ, 137:5120–5133. Young, M., Elvis, M., and Risaliti, G. (2008). The Reddest DR3 SDSS/XMM-Newton Quasars. ApJ, 688:128–147. Zuo, W., Wu, X.-B., Liu, Y.-Q., and Jiao, C.-L. (2012). The Correlations between Optical Variability and Physical Parameters of Quasars in SDSS Stripe 82. ApJ, 758:104.
指導教授	黃崇源(Chorng-Yuan Hwang)	審核日期	2018-1-29
推文	facebook   plurk   twitter   funp   google   live   udn   HD   myshare   reddit   netvibes   friend   youpush   delicious   baidu
網路書籤	Google bookmarks   del.icio.us   hemidemi   myshare