醋酸丁酯之液-固相轉移催化合成及其水解研究

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李昆祐(Kun-You Li) 查詢紙本館藏

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化學工程與材料工程學系

論文名稱

醋酸丁酯之液-固相轉移催化合成及其水解研究
(The liquid-solid phase transfer catalyzed acetate substitution of 1-chlorobutane to synthesize n-butyl acetate and the liquid-liquid phase transfer catalyzed hydrolysis of n-butyl acetate to synthesizes 1-butanol.)

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摘要(中)

本研究探討氯丁烷之液-固相轉移催化醋酸根取代以合成醋酸丁酯並探討醋酸丁酯之液-液相轉移催化水解以合成丁醇。首先考慮氯丁烷、醋酸鈉、相轉移催化劑和溶劑之液-固相轉移催化系統之物理與化學程序，衍導得醋酸丁酯總生成速率方程式。該式中影響醋酸丁酯之生成速率因素包括相轉移催化劑結構(包含陽離子結構與陰離子結構影響)、相轉移催化劑劑量、溶劑(需考慮介電常數、偶極矩)、攪拌速率、溫度、水量等，實驗因素對總生成速率之影響可以用總生成速率方程式解釋。
醋酸丁酯之適當生產條件有兩組，其一為在常壓下生產，此需添加溶劑以提高反應溫度，溶劑方面直接採用醋酸丁酯(產物)為溶劑，此可免溶劑之分離。條件為氯丁烷0.5 mole，醋酸鈉0.6 mole，醋酸丁酯0.24 mole，溴化四丁基銨0.0183 mole，溫度設定為起始溫度90℃，每隔一小時升5℃，2小時後溫度達100℃後維持此溫度至反應結束，轉速300rpm。在此組條件下反應9小時之產率為99％以上。
其二為使用Parr高壓反應器，不需添加溶劑。條件為氯化丁烷0.35 mole，醋酸鈉0.42 mole，溴化四丁基銨0.0080 mole，溫度設定為100℃並維持此溫度至反應結束，轉速300rpm。在此組條件下反應8小時之產率為99％以上。
至於醋酸丁酯之液-液相轉移催化水解合成丁醇方面，因為該反應速度很快，所以考慮以較為溫和的條件來生產，以溫度約30℃與常壓下來進行反應。由於有機相與水相相容性很低，因此需提高轉速以利系統兩相混合，考慮上述因素後，適當生產條件為醋酸丁酯0.3 mole，氫氧化鈉0.3 mole，水0.9 mole，溴化四丁基銨0.0108 mole，溫度30℃，轉速500 rpm。在此組條件下反應2.5小時之產率為99%以上。

摘要(英)

The liquid-solid phase transfer catalyzed acetate substitution of 1-chlorobutane to synthesize n-butyl acetate and the liquid-liquid phase transfer catalyzed hydrolysis of n-butyl acetate to synthesizes 1-butanol were studied. The physical and chemical processes were considered to derive the overall production rate equation for n-butyl acetate. The experiment results of the factors including amounts and structures of phase transfer catalyst, kinds and amounts of solvents, stirring speed and reaction temperature can be explained with the rate equation.
A set of suitable conditions for producing n-butyl acetate under atmospheric pressure is 1-chlorobutane 0.5 mole, sodium acetate 0.6 mole, n-butyl acetate 0.24 mole, tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide 0.0183 mole, initial reaction temperature 90℃ raised 5℃ per hours and final temperature 100℃ and stirring speed 300 rpm. Under this set of condition, 99% yield can be achieved at the reaction time of 9 hours.
Another set of suitable conditions for producing n-butyl acetate using Parr high pressure reactor and without solvent is 1-chlorobutane 0.35 mole, sodium acetate 0.42 mole, tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide 0.0080 mole, reaction temperature 100℃ and stirring speed 300 rpm. Under this set of condition, 99% yield can be achieved at the reaction time of 8 hours.
As for the liquid-liquid phase transfer catalyzed hydrolysis of n-butyl acetate to synthesizes 1-butanol. A set of suitable conditions is n-butyl acetate 0.3 mole, sodium hydroxide 0.3 mole, water 0.9 mole, tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide 0.0108 mole, reaction temperature 30℃, stirring speed 500 rpm. Under this set of condition reaction 2.5 hours yield rate achieve 99%.

關鍵字(中)

★ 醋酸丁酯
★ 相轉移催化

關鍵字(英)

★ n-butyl acetate
★ phase transfer catalysis

論文目次

中文摘要...............................................i
英文摘要...............................................ii
誌謝...................................................iii
目錄...................................................iv
圖目錄.................................................viii
表目錄.................................................x
符號說明...............................................xi
第一章緒論...........................................1
1-1 相轉移催化之起源與定義........................1
1-2 相轉移催化之原理..............................1
1-2-1 液-液相轉移催化..................................1
1-2-2 液-固相轉移催化..................................2
1-3 相轉移催化之系統形態..............................2
1-4 相轉移催化劑之種類................................4
1-5 酯類之來源、用途與合成............................6
1-5-1 酯類之來源與用途.................................6
1-5-2 酯類之非相轉移催化合成法.........................6
1-5-3 酯類之相轉移催化合成法...........................6
1-6 醋酸丁酯之合成....................................8
1-6-1 工業上醋酸丁酯之合成.............................8
1-6-2 其他醋酸丁酯之非相轉移催化合成...................8
1-6-3醋酸丁酯之相轉移催化合成..........................9
1-7 醇的來源、用途與合成..............................9
1-7-1 酯類之來源與用途.................................9
1-7-2 醇之非相轉移催化合成法...........................9
1-7-3 醇之相轉移催化合成法.............................10
1-8 丁醇之合成........................................11
1-8-1 工業上丁醇之合成.................................11
1-8-2 其他丁醇之非相轉移催化合成.......................12
1-8-3 丁醇之相轉移催化合成.............................12
1-9 本研究之動機與主旨................................13
第二章理論...........................................15
2-1 親核取代反應......................................15
2-1-1 單分子親核取代反應...............................15
2-1-2 二分子親核取代反應...............................16
2-1-3 相轉移催化劑之親核取代反應.......................17
2-2 液-固相轉移催化系統之化學程序與質傳程序...........17
2-3 液-固相轉移催化系統中醋酸丁酯之總生成速率方程式...18
2-4 影響醋酸丁酯之總生成速率之因素....................22
2-4-1 溶劑效應.........................................23
2-4-2 相轉移催化劑結構之影響...........................23
2-4-3 相轉移催化劑劑量之影響...........................23
2-4-3 攪拌速率之影響...................................23
2-4-4 溫度之影響.......................................23
第三章實驗部分.......................................26
3-1 藥品..............................................26
3-1-1 實驗及分析用藥品.................................26
3-1-2 相轉移催化劑 .....................................27
3-1-3相轉移催化劑之製備................................27
3-2 實驗裝置及分析儀器................................29
3-2-1 實驗裝置.........................................29
3-2-2 氣相層析儀.......................................32
3-2-3 導電度計.........................................32
3-3 氣相層析儀(GC)之校正曲線及樣品分析................32
3-3-1 GC之校正曲線 .....................................32
3-3-2 GC之分析條件.....................................33
3-3-3 樣品分析.........................................33
3-4 實驗之操作........................................33
3-5 實驗步驟..........................................33
3-5-1 不含催化劑及溶劑之實驗...........................34
3-5-2 相轉移催化劑結構影響之實驗.......................34
3-5-3 溶劑影響之實驗...................................34
3-5-4 相轉移催化劑劑量影響之實驗.......................35
3-5-5 轉速影響之實驗...................................35
3-5-6 溫度影響之實驗...................................35
3-5-7 水份用量影響之實驗...............................35
3-5-8 適當實驗條件.....................................36
3-5-9 水解實驗.........................................36
第四章結果與討論.....................................38
4-1 不含催化劑及溶劑之實驗............................38
4-2 相轉移催化劑結構之影響............................38
4-3 溶劑之影響........................................41
4-4 相轉移催化劑劑量影響..............................45
4-5 攪拌速率之影響....................................49
4-6 溫度之影響........................................52
4-7 水份用量之影響....................................56
4-8 適當實驗條件......................................59
4-9 水解實驗..........................................66
第五章結論...........................................69
參考文獻...............................................71
附錄一.................................................76
附錄二.................................................80

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指導教授

王天財(Ten-Tsai Wang)

審核日期

2009-6-22

推文