鹿林山大氣氣膠含水量探討及乾氣膠光學特性

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余政哲(Zheng-zhe Yu) 查詢紙本館藏

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環境工程研究所

論文名稱

鹿林山大氣氣膠含水量探討及乾氣膠光學特性
(The water mass of atmospheric aerosol and the optical property of dry aerosol at Mt. Lulin in Taiwan)

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摘要(中)

本研究於2008/10/14 ~ 2009/04/30在鹿林山觀測氣膠、分析氣膠化學成分及檢索乾氣膠光學監測數據，研究目的是探討影響大氣氣膠含水量以及鹿林山乾氣膠光學係數的主要因子。
本研究以統計多元迴歸分析方法(N=37)發現大氣PM10氣膠含水量的影響因子，依照影響程度順序為未量測的氣膠成分(PM10, others)、氣膠硫酸根離子(SO42-)、氣膠鈣離子(Ca2+)、氣膠硝酸根離子(NO3-)以及氣膠水不可溶有機碳(WIOC)；PM10親水性水可溶有機氣膠只有在生質燃燒(BB)期間，對大氣氣膠含水量的影響較顯著。大氣PM2.5氣膠含水量的主要影響因子是水可溶有機碳(WSOC)和SO42-，兩者對大氣PM2.5氣膠含水量的影響相當。
生質燃燒長程傳輸氣膠會使鹿林山乾氣膠光學係數遠高於區域型測站，相對地，在非生質燃燒期間，鹿林山白天氣膠會受到谷風或亞洲大陸污染物傳送的影響。鹿林山氣膠各氣流軌跡來源，依污染嚴重性分別為生質燃燒期間來自源區和來自源區並經過中國南方，非生質燃燒期間來自亞洲大陸、海洋、源區並經過中國南方。鹿林山大氣氣膠在非生質燃燒期間，對於輻射作用力是降溫效應，但在生質燃燒期間，則相對會促進大氣暖化，因此對於環境變遷的影響是存在的。
鹿林山乾氣膠光學係數主要受到次微米氣膠影響，光學直徑粒徑範圍在0.10 ~ 0.26 μm和0.30 ~ 1.00 μm。此外，大部分的氣膠化學成分也都與光學直徑小於1 μm的細粒徑氣膠有很好相關。最後以統計多元迴歸分析探討乾氣膠光學係數影響因子(N=40)，發現依照氣膠成分濃度和迴歸係數乘積計算，影響順序為鉀離子、銨根離子以及NO3-。

摘要(英)

This study collected atmospheric aerosols, analyzed aerosol chemical composition, and retrieved optical data of dry aerosols at Mt. Lulin from 14 October 2008 to 30 April 2009. The objectives are aimed at investigating major factors for aerosol water mass and optical coefficients of dry aerosol.
Multiple regression analysis (N=37) shows that the order of importance for factors affecting PM10 water mass are unmeasured PM10 (PM10, others), sulfate ion (SO42-), calcium ion (Ca2+), nitrate ion (NO3-), and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC). Hydrophilic water-soluble organic carbon only shows its influence during biomass burning (BB) period. The major factors for PM2.5 water mass are water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and SO42-, both have equal significance.
The level of optical coefficients was observed to elevate significantly above other regional stations when Mt. Lulin was influenced by transported BB plume. In contrast, daytime aerosol was affected by pollution from local valley wind or Asian continent during non-biomass burning (NBB) period. Based on backward trajectory analysis, as sorted by seriousness of pollution, air masses from BB source region either directly or via the southern China during BB periods were most polluted followed by that from Asia continent, oceanic area, and source region via the southern China during NBB periods. The aerosols observed at Mt. Lulin have cooling effect in radiative forcing during NBB period, while that of BB period show relative warming effect and thus more toward environmental change. Optical coefficients of dry aerosols are mainly affected by submicron aerosols with optical diameter ranged from 0.10 ~ 0.26 and 0.30 ~ 1.00 μm. In addition, most aerosol chemical components are correllated well with fine aerosols with optical diameter less than 1 μm. Finally, the regression analysis on optical coefficients of dry aerosol (N=40) shows that important aerosol components calculated by the product of their atmospheric concentrations and regression coefficients are potassium ion, ammonium ions, and NO3- accordingly.

關鍵字(中)

★ 氣膠含水量
★ 氣膠化學成分
★ 氣膠光學特性
★ 氣膠粒徑分布
★ 氣膠質量光學效率
★ 大氣能見度

關鍵字(英)

★ Aerosol water mass
★ aerosol chemical composition
★ aerosol optical properties
★ aerosol size distribution
★ aerosol mass optical efficiency
★ atmospheric visibility

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xiv
一、前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
二、文獻回顧 3
2.1 大氣氣膠組成 3
2.1.1 大氣水可溶有機氣膠 5
2.1.2 大氣似腐植質物質氣膠 6
2.2 大氣氣膠含水特性 9
2.2.1 無機氣膠含水特性 9
2.2.2 有機氣膠含水特性 10
2.2.3 有機與無機混合氣膠含水特性 11
2.3 氣膠光學特性 12
2.3.1 氣膠散光係數與氣膠吸光係數 12
2.3.2 氣膠質量光學效率 13
2.3.3 延伸的光學參數 15
2.3.4 大氣能見度 18
三、研究方法 19
3.1 研究架構 19
3.2 氣膠含水量量測 21
3.2.1 觀測地點介紹 21
3.2.2 手動採樣 23
3.2.3 手動採樣濾紙前處理 29
3.2.4 氣膠含水量分析 29
3.2.5 ISORROPIA模式分析 34
3.2.6 氣膠質量濃度分析 35
3.2.7 氣膠水溶性離子與氣膠有機酸分析 35
3.2.8 氣膠碳成分分析 38
3.2.9 氣膠水可溶有機碳成分分析 40
3.2.10 似腐植質氣膠碳成分分析 41
3.2.11 似腐植質氣膠含量分析 42
3.3 大氣氣膠連續監測系統 45
3.3.1 NOAA氣膠觀測系統 45
3.3.2 氣膠觀測系統主要量測儀器原理 51
3.3.3 氣膠觀測系統數據處理原則 57
3.3.4 其他儀器 58
3.4 數據分析方法 62
3.4.1 各儀器數據採樣時間 62
3.4.2 逆溯氣流軌跡線來源分類 64
3.4.3 長程傳輸污染判斷指標 70
四、結果與討論 76
4.1 氣膠水可溶有機氣膠成分對大氣氣膠含水量的影響 76
4.1.1 ISORROPIA模式推估無機氣膠含水量 87
4.1.2 影響大氣氣膠含水量因子的探討 90
4.1.3 氣膠含水量與氣膠成分的多元迴歸分析 101
4.1.4 水可溶有機碳及似腐植質物質對氣膠含水量的影響 118
4.1.5 氣膠化學成分交互作用對氣膠含水量影響評估 123
4.1.6 PM2.5氣膠含水量探討 127
4.2 鹿林山乾氣膠光學特性 133
4.2.1 觀測期間的乾氣膠光學特性 133
4.2.2 以逆溯氣流軌跡來源探討乾氣膠光學特性 152
4.2.3 鹿林山本地污染影響評估 169
4.3 乾氣膠光學特性受到氣膠粒徑分布和氣膠化學成分的影響 172
4.3.1 乾氣膠光學特性與氣膠粒徑分布 172
4.3.2 乾氣膠光學特性與氣膠化學成分 186
4.3.3 氣膠質量光學效率 191
4.4 鹿林山大氣能見度 204
4.4.1 鹿林山能見度觀測 204
4.4.2 鹿林山乾氣膠消光係數多元迴歸分析 214
五、結論與建議 226
5.1 結論 226
5.2 建議 229
六、參考文獻 230
附錄-口試委員意見與回覆 243
附錄-張順欽口試委員意見書與回覆 250

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指導教授

李崇德(Chung-te Lee)

審核日期

2010-7-22

推文