獨立型充蓄太陽能發電系統在馬拉威的模擬與性能表現評估

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洪雷曼(Lameck Kabambalika) 查詢紙本館藏

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國際永續發展碩士在職專班

論文名稱

獨立型充蓄太陽能發電系統在馬拉威的模擬與性能表現評估
(SIMULATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BATTERY BASED STAND-ALONE PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS OF MALAWI)

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摘要(中)

馬拉威目前積極地推廣太陽光電系統，在2002-2008年間公共與私人安裝的系統數量大幅增加。而為了確立系統的標準與可靠性，政府於2004年制定獨立型充蓄太陽光發電系統（BSPVS）的國家標準，但是目前對安裝系統的技術性能缺少相關資訊。為了縮小此差異，因此本文將對馬拉威的充蓄太陽能發電系統進行性能分析。本研究以TRNSYS軟體進行BSPVS的性能模擬，並利用在台灣得到的實驗數據來驗證模擬結果。本文說明位在Chitedze和Mzuzu二地區模擬系統的性能表現。結果顯示若是系統依據馬拉威國家標準設計，則整年的平均性能比（mean performance ratio）可達0.68，太陽電池陣列的生產因子（production factor）為0.88，系統整體效率則為78%。而在系統可靠性方面可發現其和當地的日照情形有關，以模擬的兩地區（Chitedze和Mzuzu）為例，Mzuzu的負荷損耗概率(loss of load probability)為0.13，而Chitedze為0.09。此外，當白天系統運作時，若將對電池充電設定為系統的優先作動順序，則整體系統的可靠性可提升40%。如果系統發電量低於負載的需求（under-designed），將會使性能比明顯的下降、可靠性變低及電池長期處於未完全充電。

摘要(英)

The promotion of photovoltaic (PV) systems in Malawi yielded an increased number of institutionally and privately owned installed PV systems during 2002-2008. The national standards for battery-based standalone PV systems (BSPVS) were written in 2004 in order to ensure high standard and thus reliable systems. However, there had been information gap on technical performance of the installed system. To narrow the gap, a study was made with an aim of analyzing performance of PV systems in Malawi. As such, the BSPVS of Malawi were simulated using a TRNSYS simulation model which was validated by data measured from actual operating PV system in Taiwan. This study reports on performance results of the simulated systems located at Chitedze and Mzuzu in Malawi. The results showed that if the system is designed in accordance to procedures stipulated in Malawi standards then it is capable of operating annually with mean performance ratio of 0.68, PV array production factor of 0.88 and system efficiency of 78%. Regarding reliability, it was found that difference of radiation within locations in Malawi has an impact on system’s reliability. For the two simulated locations, loss of load probability of systems in Mzuzu city was 0.13 and for Chitedze was 0.09. It is further found that during daytime, if the battery charging is given priority then overall system’s reliability is improved by 40%. If the system is under-designed, it was found that its performance ratio is reduced considerably, it is less reliable and its battery remains in low state of charge for long periods.

關鍵字(中)

★ TRNSYS軟體
★ 系統性能
★ 獨立型充蓄太陽光發電系統

關鍵字(英)

★ Battery-based stand-alone PV systems
★ TRNSYS
★ BSPVS Performance

論文目次

Chinese abstract i
English abstract ii
Acknowledgements iii
Table of contents iv
List of Tables and Figures vi
Nomenclature viii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of Photovoltaics 2
1.2 Organization of thesis 5
Chapter 2 Review of battery-based standalone PV systems 6
2.1 Rural electrification using BSPVS 6
2.1.1 Lessons learnt 6
2.1.2 Future prospects 8
2.2 Technical Performance 8
2.3 Efforts for performance improvements 11
2.3.1 Battery management 12
2.3.2 Charge control algorithms 13
2.4 BSPVS in Malawi 14
Chapter 3 Rationale of study 16
3.1 Problem Statement 16
3.2 Justification of the study 16
3.3 Goal and Scope of the Study 18
Chapter 4 Theory and calculation 20
4.1 Sizing of Battery based stand alone photovoltaic systems 20
4.2 Performance analysis of BSPVS 23
4.2.1 Derivation of PR, PF, and ηsys 23
4.2.2 Loss of load probability 26
4.3 Simulation of BSPVS 27
Chapter 5 Methodology 30
5.1 Experimental methods 30
5.2 Simulation Methods 35
5.2.1 Weather data reader component 37
5.2.2 PV array component 39
5.2.3 Battery Component 41
5.2.4 Regulator/Inverter 43
5.3 Data Analysis 43
Chapter 6 Results and discussion 45
6.1 Experimental results and discussion 45
6.1.1 Results 45
6.1.2 Discussion 51
6.2 Simulation results and discussion 52
6.2.1 Validation of simulation model 52
6.2.2 Simulation results 55
6.2.3 Discussion 62
Chapter 7 Conclusions and recommendations 65
7.1 Conclusions 65
7.2 Summary of contributions 66
7.3 Recommendations 66
7.4 Future Research 67
References 68
Appendix 72

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指導教授

吳俊諆(Jiunn-Chi Wu)

審核日期

2009-6-26

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