基於空間特徵之可調音訊編碼架構

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姓名

李宗奇(Tsung-Chi Lee) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

通訊工程學系

論文名稱

基於空間特徵之可調音訊編碼架構
(Spatial characteristic based scalable audio coding structure)

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摘要(中)

MPEG Layer-3(MP3) 以及MPEG-4 Advance Audio Coding(AAC)皆具有非常高的編碼效率，主要因素為使用了音響心理學模型(Psychoacoustic Model) 的分析，去除人類聽覺上被遮蔽的頻率成份；然而，音響心理學模型是針對單聲道音訊的分析模型，並沒有考慮多聲道音訊中，聲道之間的相關性，因此，編碼多聲道音訊時，位元率將會隨著聲道的增加而遞增。近年來被大量研究的空間音訊壓縮編碼 (Spatial Audio Coding) 技術，利用人耳在空間中聽覺的特性，抽取對音場感受的特徵參數，在接收端即可以較少的聲道配合
特徵參數重建音場。
基於目前正在推廣的網際網路電視技術，在網路上傳輸多聲道音訊勢在必行。本論文利用空間音訊壓縮編碼的演算法，架構一個分層可調的音訊編碼，隨著收到更多的增強層，音訊聲道的數量以及品質就會隨之增加，可針對網路的通道狀況進行調整，甚至在必要時調整音訊與視訊的頻寬，給予不同的品質，以符合使用者需求。另外，考慮到多聲道音訊中，若某個聲道出現與其他聲道不相關的音訊內容，將會影響音場重建後的音訊品質，故本論文設計一演算法，解決此
問題，使客觀品質量測的分數上升約1分。

摘要(英)

MPEG Layer-3 (MP3) and MPEG-4 Advance Audio Coding (AAC) exhibit high coding efficiency by utilizing the psychoacoustic model to remove the masked frequency components. However, the psychoacoustic model aims at the analysis of single channel audio signals without considering the correlation between audio channels. As a result, adding more audio channels to encode will result in an approximately linear increase of the total required transmission bit-rate. The Spatial Audio Coding (SAC) technology exploits human perceptual capability to locate sound in space. It captures and encodes the spatial characteristic parameters at the encoder. At the decoder, the sound field can be reconstructed from fewer audio channels with spatial parameters.
In this work, we propose a scalable audio coding scheme, which is based on spatial audio coding techniques including parametric stereo and MPEG surround, to transmit multi-channel audio through networks. More audio channels and better quality can be obtained with more enhancement layers received. We also observe that when uncorrelated signals, such as dialogs, exist in multi-channel signals the reconstructed audio suffers from serious interference. In this case, we execute inter-channel interference processing to encode the uncorrelated part individually. The experimental results show excellent subjective as well as objective quality improvement.

關鍵字(中)

★ 可調音訊編碼
★ 空間音訊編碼

關鍵字(英)

★ spatial audio coding
★ scalable audio coding

論文目次

第一章緒論............................1
1.1 研究背景........................1
1.2 研究動機........................2
1.3 論文架構........................3
第二章空間聽覺特徵與參數編碼簡介......4
2.1 雙耳聽覺空間特徵參數............4
2.1.1 單音源音場：方向角定位特徵參數..5
2.1.2 單音源音場：相似性特徵參數......7
2.1.3 雙音源音場......................8
2.2 參數立體聲編碼架構.............10
2.2.1 時間/頻率分析..................10
2.2.2 特徵參數抽取及降混音...........15
2.3 參數立體聲解碼架構.............19
2.3.1 空間音場合成...................19
2.3.2 軟體設計考量...................23
2.4 環場音訊編碼 (MPEG Surround)...26
2.4.1 R-OTT及OTT模組.................26
2.4.2 R-TTT及TTT模組.................29
2.4.2.1　　預測編解碼模式..............30
2.4.2.2　　能量編解碼模式..............31
第三章分層可調式音訊編碼架構.........36
3.1 系統架構簡介...................36
3.2 聲道間干擾處理(ICI Processing).39
3.2.1 事前偵測分離處理...............41
3.2.1.1　　頻譜分析....................41
3.2.1.2　　區間切割演算法設計..........44
3.2.1.3　　ICI額外位元流處理...........48
3.2.2 冗餘編碼.......................49
3.3 品質增強層設計.................52
第四章實驗結果與討論.................57
4.1 客觀音訊品質評量工具 - EAQUAL..57
4.2 冗餘編碼之位元率及品質探討.....60
4.3 高相關性音訊序列系統效能分析...66
4.4 低相關性音訊序列系統效能分析...83
4.5 實驗數據統計分析...............99
第五章結論及未來展望.................104
參考文獻...............................106

參考文獻

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指導教授

張寶基(Pao-Chi Chang)

審核日期

2009-7-21

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