自行車租賃佈署暨調度最佳之化之研究

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姓名

張勻威(Yun-Wei Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

土木工程學系

論文名稱

自行車租賃佈署暨調度最佳之化之研究
(Decision models for deploying rental bikes under stochastic demands.)

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至系統瀏覽論文 ( 永不開放)

摘要(中)

近年來，人們環保意識抬頭，「綠色運輸」之概念因應而生；為了提倡節能減碳，並達到永續發展的目的，提供民眾公共自行車租賃服務的自行車租賃業開始蓬勃發展。然而在台灣，自行車租賃系統的佈署仍停留在以人工經驗的方式進行，缺乏系統性的整體考量，常導致資源浪費。當面對「甲地租乙地還」更為複雜之問題時，其求解效率將大幅下降且僅可求得一可行解。因此，本研究針對「甲租甲還」與「甲租乙還」之租賃行為，考量確定性需求與隨機性需求之影響，建構一自行車佈署營運模式，期能提供一有效的規劃輔助工具，以幫助決策者有效地規劃自行車佈署與營運相關問題。
再者，以往文獻尚未發現有提出有效的模式以解決自行車租賃系統佈署與營運相關問題。因此，本研究將站在系統規劃者之立場，考量實務的營運目標與相關的限制條件，並以網路流動技巧，依照不同情況構建數個確定性及隨機性租賃自行車系統佈署模式。所有模式均為一整數規劃問題，本研究配合CPLEX數學規劃軟體求解模式。為評估模式的實用績效，本研究以台北縣市公共自行車租賃系統為例進行測試與分析。測試結果良好，最後提出結論與建議。

摘要(英)

Recent years, more and more people are caring about environment protection. Therefore, it brings the concept of the “Sustainable Transport” to our life. For encouraging people to lower our carbon footprint, conserve energy, and accomplish the goal of sustainable development, there are many rental bicycle services being developed. However, currently in Taiwan, rental bicycle service schedules still planed by the decision center staffs with experience. Without a systematic optimization analysis, and often result in waste resourses. While facing with more complicated problem like “rent bicycle at A station, and return it at B station”, such a manual approach is considered to be less than efficient, and may possibly result in an inferior feasible solution. As a result, focusing on “rent and return bicycle at the same station”and“rent bicycle at A station, and return it at B station”, we constructed some sure and stochastic rental bicycle models that considers the influence of sure and stochastic demand. The matching model is expected to be an effective tool for the planner to solve rental bicycle disposition and operation problems.
Moreover, little literature that proposed effective models for solving problems which relate with rental bicycle system disposition. Therefore, in this study we put ourselves in rental bicycle station proprietor position, consider operation goals in reality and constraint conditions, and employ time-space network techniques, according to different circumstances to construct some rental bicycle models. All decision models are formulated as an integer multiple problem and is solved using a mathematical programming solver. To evaluate models in practice we performed a case study based on the operating data from Taipei public rental bicycle system. The results show the model could be useful. Finally, conclusions and suggestions are given.

關鍵字(中)

★ 自行車
★ 數學規劃
★ 佈署
★ 隨機
★ 時空網路

關鍵字(英)

★ Mthematical programming
★ Time-space network
★ Disposition
★ Stochastic
★ Bicycle

論文目次

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的與範圍 2
1.3 研究方法與流程 3
第二章文獻回顧 5
2.1國內外自行車租賃現況 5
2.2 自行車租賃相關文獻 6
2.2.1 自行車相關文獻 7
2.2.2 車隊、船隊、機隊佈署設計 9
2.3 時空網路的相關文獻 10
2.4隨機擾動之相關理論與文獻 11
2.4.1 隨機性問題相關理論 11
2.4.2 隨機擾動相關文獻 14
2.5 文獻評析 17
第三章模式構建 18
3.1自行車規劃模式 18
3.1.1模式基本假設或給定資訊 19
3.1.2確定性模式之時空網路 21
3.1.3隨機性模式之時空網路 29
3.1.4模式符號說明 30
3.1.5 數學定式 31
3.2 模式應用 33
第四章範例測式 35
4.1資料輸入 35
4.1.1 自行車佈署規劃資料 35
4.1.2需求規劃資料 36
4.2模式發展 38
4.2.1問題規模 38
4.2.2模式輸入資料 40
4.3電腦演算環境與設定 40
4.3.1電腦演算環境 40
4.3.2相關程式(參數)設定 40
4.3.3模式輸出資料 41
4.4測試結果與分析 42
4.4.1確定性需求下自行車佈署營運模式結果 43
4.4.2隨機性需求下自行車佈署營運模式結果 49
4.4.3模式分析比較 54
4.5 敏感度分析 57
4.5.1模式一購車成本增加敏感度分析 57
4.5.2車種需求比例敏感度分析 59
4.5.3模式四折舊費敏感度分析 63
4.6懲罰值敏感度分析 65
4.6.1模式一懲罰值敏感度分析 65
4.6.2模式二懲罰值敏感度分析 67
4.6.3模式三懲罰值敏感度分析 68
4.6.4模式四懲罰值敏感度分析 70
4.6.5情境次數 71
4.7小結 80
第五章結論與建議 81
5.1 結論 81
5.2 建議 82
5.3 貢獻 83
參考文獻 84
附錄 89
附錄一 CPLEX Callable Library Code 89
圖目錄
圖 1- 1 研究流程 4
圖 3- 1確定性、隨機性時空網路圖 27
圖 4- 1台北縣市自行車道規劃圖 36
圖 4- 2每日時段需求比例 37
圖 4- 3每日總需求量比例 38
圖 4- 4租用小時比例 38
圖 4- 5確定性購車成本與修理費和目標值關係圖 58
圖 4- 6隨機性購車成本與修理費和目標值關係圖 59
圖 4- 7模式一隨機模擬次數之目標值變化圖 72
圖 4- 8模式一隨機模擬次數之變數數量變化圖 72
圖 4- 9模式一隨機模擬次數之總規劃車輛數變化圖 73
圖 4- 10 模式二隨機模擬次數之目標值變化 74
圖 4- 11模式二隨機模擬次數之變數數量變化圖 74
圖 4- 12 模式三隨機模擬次數之目標值變化 75
圖 4- 13 模式三隨機模擬次數之使用車輛數變化 75
圖 4- 14 模式四隨機模擬次數之目標值變化 76
表目錄
表 3- 1不同目標式之節線上下限及成本說明表 24
表 4- 1 隨機性模式自行車總租賃量 37
表 4- 2確定性模式一規模 39
表 4- 3確定性模式二、三、四規模 39
表 4- 4隨機性模式一規模 39
表 4- 5隨機性模式二、三、四規模 40
表 4- 6 確定性模式自行車佈署規劃模式結果 44
表 4- 7 確定性模式一每場站供給車數量、滯留車輛數及不夠車輛數 45
表 4- 8 確定性模式二派車數、滯留車輛數及平均服務量 46
表 4- 9 確定性模式三派車數、滯留車輛數及平均服務量 47
表 4- 10模式四派車數、滯留車輛數及平均服務量 48
表 4- 11 確定性模式四收入分析 49
表 4- 12 隨機性模式自行車佈署規劃模式結果 50
表 4- 13隨機性模式一每場站供給車數量、滯留車輛數及不夠車輛數 51
表 4- 14隨機性模式二派車數、滯留車輛數及平均服務量 52
表 4- 15 隨機性模式三派車數、滯留車輛數及平均服務量 53
表 4- 16 隨機性模式四派車數、滯留車輛數及平均服務量 53
表 4- 17隨機性模式四收入分析 54
表 4- 18確定性、隨機性模式比較分析結果 56
表 4- 19 確定性購車成本加修理費敏感度結果 58
表 4- 20隨機性購車成本加修理費敏感度結果 59
表 4- 21 確定性車種需求比例敏感度 60
表 4- 22隨機性車種需求比例敏感度 62
表 4- 23 確定性利潤與折舊敏感度分析 63
表 4- 24 確定性利潤與折舊敏感度分析(續) 63
表 4- 25 確定性平均利潤目標值變化 64
表 4- 26隨機性利潤與折舊敏感度分析 64
表 4- 27隨機性利潤與折舊敏感度分析(續) 64
表 4- 28隨機性平均利潤目標值變化 65
表 4- 29確定性模式一滯留節線懲罰值敏感度分析 66
表 4- 30隨機性模式一滯留節線懲罰值敏感度分析 66
表 4- 31隨機性模式一不足車輛節線懲罰值敏感度分析 67
表 4- 32確定性模式二滯留節線懲罰值敏感度分析 68
表 4- 33隨機性模式二滯留節線懲罰值敏感度分析 68
表 4- 34確定性模式三滯留節線懲罰值敏感度分析 69
表 4- 35隨機性模式三滯留節線懲罰值敏感度分析 69
表 4- 36確定性模式四滯留節線懲罰值敏感度分析 70
表 4- 37隨機性模式四滯留節線懲罰值敏感度分析 71
表 4- 38模式一規模細部解比較 72
表 4- 39 模式二規模細部解比較 73
表 4- 40 模式三規模細部解比較 75
表 4- 41 模式四規模細部解比較 76
表 4- 42模式一 EVPI 與 VSS結果 78
表 4- 43模式二 EVPI 與 VSS結果 78
表 4- 44模式三 EVPI 與 VSS結果 79
表 4- 45模式四 EVPI 與 VSS結果 80

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60. Wang, D. Z. W. and Lo, H. K., “Multi-fleet ferry service network design with passenger preferences for differential services,” Transportation Research Part B, Vol. 42, pp. 798-822 (2008).
61. Yan, S. and Chen, C. H., “Coordinated flight scheduling models for allied airlines,” Transportation Research Part C, Vol. 15, pp. 246-264 (2007).
62. Yan, S. and Chen, H. L., “A scheduling model and a solution algorithm for inter-city bus carriers,” Transportation Research Part A, Vol. 36, pp. 805-825 (2002).
63. Yan, S. and Shih, Y.L., “A time-space network model for work team scheduling after a major disaster”, Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 63-75 (2007).
64. Yan, S. and Tseng, C.H., “A passenger demand based model for airline flight scheduling and fleet routing,” Computers and Operations Research, Vol. 29, pp. 1559-1581 (2002).
65. Yan, S. and Young, H.F., “A decision support framework for multi-fleet routing and multi-stop flight scheduling,” Transportation Research Part A, Vol. 30, pp. 379-398 (1996).
66. Yan, S., Chi, C. J., and Tang, C. H., “Inter-city bus routing and timetable setting under stochastic demands,” Transportation Research Part A, Vol. 40, pp. 572-586 (2006).
67. Yan, S., Lai, W., and Chen, M., “Production scheduling and truck dispatching of ready mixed concrete,” Transportation Research, Part E, Vol. 44, Issue 1, pp. 164-179 (2008).
68. Yan, S., Tang, C.H., and Fu, T.C., “An airline scheduling model and solution algorithms under stochastic demands,” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 190, pp. 22-39 (2008).
69. Zhaolin, L. and Feng, T., “On determining optimal fleet size and vehicle transfer policy for a car rental company,” Computers & Operations Research, (2009). (In press).

指導教授

顏上堯(Shang-Yao Yan)

審核日期

2011-1-22

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