儲熱系統之熱流特性研究

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姓名

高慈妤(Tzu-Yu Kao) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

儲熱系統之熱流特性研究
(Study on the flow and thermal characteristics of heat storage system)

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摘要(中)

本文主旨為利用數值方法探討圓柱內相變化材料的總熔化時間、熔化情形與熱流現象。數值模擬所考慮的相關參數及其範圍：貝克勒數Pe=1.6×10^2~6.4×10^3 、史蒂芬數Ste=0.001~1、縱橫比=2~8 、熱傳導係數比值k*=0.001~500；最後探討不同工作流體與相變化材料對系統內熱流現象的影響。
結果發現高貝克勒數、高史蒂芬數、高熱傳導係數的情況下，液體流動現象明顯，相變化材料的平均溫度較高、熔化速度較快，因而整體熔化時間較少。而幾何參數的縱橫比則是數值越大，熔化完的流體受重力影響的自然對流現象明顯，而使流動速度增大。另外，工作流體與相變化材料的關係中，中溫與高溫的工作流體，若以總熔化時間與儲熱量兩方考量下，KF為最佳使用的材料。
最後可以推導出總無因次熔化時間與貝克勒數Pe、史蒂芬數Ste、縱橫比、熱傳導係數比值k*的關係式。

摘要(英)

This study investigates the thermal and flow characteristics of an energy storage system using phase-change materials (PCM). The governing dimensionless equations of the problem and boundary conditions are formulated and solved numerically by using the enthalpy-porosity method with the control volume approach. The melting process, the total melting time, and the effects of several parameters are discussed. The dimensionless parameters considered include the Peclet number, the Stefan number, the aspect ratio, and the thermal conductivity ratio of the PCM to the heat transfer fluid.
Results show that, for cases of high Peclet number, high Stefan number or high thermal conductivity ratio, the melting time is reduced due to the enhancement of heat transfer and the circulation of the PCM. For intermediate and high temperature PCM energy storage systems, KF is the best material to use.
Correlations between the dimensionless total melting time of the PCM and the Peclet number, Stefan number, aspect ratio and the thermal conductivity ratio are also derived for different conditions.

關鍵字(中)

★ 儲熱系統
★ 相變化材料
★ enthalpy-porosity
★ 無因次熔化時間

關鍵字(英)

★ enthalpy-porosity method
★ phase change material
★ heat storage system

論文目次

中文摘要 ……………………………………………………………i
英文摘要 …………………………………………………………ii
致謝 ………………………………………………………………iii
目錄 ………………………………………………………………iv
表目錄 …………………………………………………………viii
圖目錄 ……………………………………………………………x
符號說明 ………………………………………………………xv
第一章、緒論 ……………………………………………………1
1-1 前言 ………………………………………………………1
1-2 研究動機 …………………………………………………4
第二章、文獻回顧 ………………………………………………5
2-1 儲熱方式 ………………………………………………5
2-1-1 顯熱儲存 …………………………………………5
2-1-2 潛熱儲存 …………………………………………6
2-1-3 化學能儲存 ………………………………………6
2-1-4 結論 ………………………………………………7
2-2 相變化材料的介紹 ……………………………………8
2-2-1 依材料組成區分 …………………………………8
2-2-1.1 無機相變材料 ………………………………8
2-2-1.2 有機相變材料 ………………………………9
2-2-1.3 複合相變材料 ………………………………10
2-2-2 依溫度區分 ………………………………………12
2-2-2.1 低溫相變化材料 ……………………………12
2-2-2.2 高溫相變化材料 ……………………………12
2-2-3 相變化材料的選取 ……………………………13
2-3 相變化儲熱相關文獻 ………………………………15
2-3-1 實驗相關文獻 ……………………………………15
2-3-2 數值模擬相關文獻 ………………………………16
2-4 研究主題 ………………………………………………19
第三章、理論分析 ……………………………………………20
3-1 相變傳熱問題 …………………………………………20
3-2 固液相變解法 …………………………………………20
3-2-1 移動邊界方法 ……………………………………21
3-2-2 固定邊界方法 ……………………………………21
3-2-3 enthalpy-porosity …………………………………22
3-3 幾何模型 ………………………………………………22
3-4 統御方程式 ……………………………………………22
3-5 初始與邊界條件 ………………………………………26
第四章、數值方法與驗證 ……………………………………28
4-1 數值方法 ……………………………………………28
4-1-1 能量方程式 ………………………………………28
4-1-2 連續與動量方程式 ………………………………29
4-1-3 壓力修正方程式 …………………………………32
4-2 文獻驗證 ………………………………………………35
4-2-1文獻驗證一 …………………………………………35
4-2-2 文獻驗證二 ………………………………………36
4-3 格點與測試 ……………………………………………37
4-3-1 格點測試 …………………………………………37
4-3-2 測試 ……………………………………………37
第五章、結果與討論 …………………………………………38
5-1 Peclet number 之影響 ………………………………38
5-1-1 入口流量之影響 …………………………………40
5-2 Stefan numerber 之影響 ………………………………41
5-2-1 入口溫度之影響 …………………………………44
5-3縱橫比之影響 ……………………………………………45
5-4熱傳導係數比值之影響 …………………………………46
5-5無因次時間整理 …………………………………………49
5-6幾何參數之影響 …………………………………………50
5-6-1 R1之影響 …………………………………………51
5-6-2 R2之影響 …………………………………………51
5-6-3 l之影響 …………………………………………52
5-7相變化材料與工作流體之影響 …………………………52
5-7-1 低溫工作流體 ……………………………………53
5-7-1.1鹽類 …………………………………………53
5-7-1.2 金屬 …………………………………………53
5-7-2 中溫工作流體 ………………………………………54
5-7-3 高溫工作流體 ……………………………………55
第六章、結論與建議 …………………………………………57
6-1 結論 ……………………………………………………57
6-2 未來研究方向與建議 …………………………………58
參考文獻 ………………………………………………………59

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指導教授

曾重仁(Chung-jen Tseng)

審核日期

2010-7-14

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