金屬發泡材應用於質子交換膜燃料電池內流道之模擬分析

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姓名

施性安(Hsing-An Shih) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

金屬發泡材應用於質子交換膜燃料電池內流道之模擬分析
(Numerical Study on Metal Foam Flow Field in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell)

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摘要(中)

本研究係以金屬發泡材應用在質子交換膜燃料電池之內流道為標的，探討流場的分區數量（單區、三區、五區），以及進氣的方式（單入口、多入口）對電池內傳輸現象及電池性能之影響。使用CFD前處理器GAMBIT建構完整的三維單顆燃料電池模型及格點系統，搭配計算流體力學軟體FLUENT，分析內部流場分布、電質傳現象以及在實際應用上對燃料電池之性能及流道壓損的影響，藉由選用最佳燃料使用率，和相對較小的壓力損失之流道設計，以符合實際應用上的經濟效益。
由本研究中得知，在流場分區的流道設計中，以單入口進氣的情況下，隨分區數量越多，燃料流經過的路徑越長，使得流場中的壓降增加，燃料往側向和徑向的擴散能力增強，促使反應氣體抵達觸媒參與反應，進而提升反應氣體有效使用率。在進氣方式不同的設計中，多入口進氣設計之性能較單入口略差，且多入口之設計有流量分配不均的問題，但流場壓降較單入口之設計小。考慮加濕程度、發泡材尺寸、鎖模時壓縮程度對燃料電池性能的影響，隨加濕程度越高、發泡材孔徑越小、壓縮程度越大，電池性能也隨之提升，但增加的幅度有限。而單入口設計之性能皆較多入口設計佳。

摘要(英)

The main purposes of this study are to investigate the use of metal foam as the flow distributor of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and the effects of flow field design on the transport phenomena and the performance of the fuel cells. A three-dimensional mesh system was built by using the GAMBIT and the discredited equations were solved by the CFD software FLUENT. Results of flow, mass, pressure, and electric distributions under real operating conditions are presented and discussed.
Based on the results, for single entrance designs, the pressure drop increases as the number of partitions increases. This increase in pressure drop results in enhanced transport of reactants in the through-plane direction. Therefore, reaction rate as well as cell performance increase. As for the comparison between single inlet and multiple inlets, although multiple inlet design has lower pressure drop, it causes lower cell performance due to uneven flow distribution among different partitions.
In addition, cell performance was found to increase slightly if the reactant gas was humidified, the pore size of the metal foam was reduced, or the foam/carbon paper was slightly compressed.

關鍵字(中)

★ 流道設計
★ 金屬發泡材
★ 數值分析

關鍵字(英)

★ Flow field design
★ metal foam
★ CFD
★ PEMFC

論文目次

中文摘要 i
Abstract v
致謝 vi
目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
圖目錄 xii
符號說明 xv
第一章緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 燃料電池主要的結構介紹與運作原理 2
1.2.1 燃料電池主要的結構介紹 2
1.2.2 燃料電池運作原理 8
1.3 燃料電池極化現象 9
1.4 文獻回顧 11
1.4.1 燃料電池模型之發展 11
1.4.2 流道幾何結構設計 14
1.4.3 金屬發泡材在燃料電池的應用 16
1.4.4 計算流體力學在燃料電池上的應用 18
1.5 研究動機與目的 20
第二章理論分析 22
2.1 問題描述與基本假設 22
2.1.1 問題描述與幾何模型 22
2.1.2 基本假設 23
2.2 統御方程式 24
2.3 邊界條件與初始條件 30
第三章數值方法與驗證 33
3.1 有限體積法 34
3.2 壓力修正方程式 38
3.3 SIMPLE法的演算程序 41
3.4 交錯式網格 42
3.5 程式驗證 43
3.5.1 程式驗證 43
3.5.2 格點測試 44
第四章結果與討論 45
4.1 不同流道幾何形狀的影響 45
4.2 不同加濕程度之影響 47
4.3 不同發泡材孔徑之影響 48
4.4 不同肋壓縮效應之影響 49
4.5 非等向性滲透率之影響 49
第五章結論與建議 51
5.1 結論 51
5.2 未來研究方向與建議 52
第六章參考文獻 53

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指導教授

曾重仁(Tseng, Chung-jen)

審核日期

2010-8-30

推文