博碩士論文 973204059 詳細資訊




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姓名 張哲瑞(Zhe-rui Zhang)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 化學工程與材料工程學系
論文名稱 添加氧化鋁促進劑的稻殼灰分擔體銅觸媒應用於甲醇部份氧化產氫之研究
(Hydrogen production by Partial Oxidation of methanol over Cu/Al2O3/RHA catalysts)
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摘要(中) 燃料電池(fuel cell)為將來最具有發展的潔淨能源裝置,其以氫氣做為燃料,經反應後產生能量與無汙染的水與二氧化碳,反應物氫氣一般皆以甲醇部份氧化(POM)產生。本研究是利用桃園縣的廢棄稻殼,經過多重處理後所得稻殼灰分( rice husk ash,RHA),並經由沈澱固著法製備擔載銅觸媒(Cu/Al2O3/RHA)。
本實驗利用熱重分析儀(TGA)決定製備時煅燒所需溫度,由氫氣程式升溫還原儀(TPR)探討觸媒還原難易程度,以N2O的氧化測其銅粒子大小與分散程度;以X光繞射分析儀(XRD)判斷觸媒之晶相;以掃描式電子顯微鏡(TEM)觀察觸媒形狀;以感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜(ICP-AES)測定觸媒組成。經由觸媒活性測試;反應溫度以473 K、498 K、523 K、548 K、573 K為操控變因,其它實驗變數包括進料之O2/CH3OH莫耳比(0.1~0.6),其結果顯示反應溫度以523 K,進料比為0.3最為適當,因此條件下有最低的CO選擇率。提升氧醇比,降低氫氣選擇率但不影響甲醇轉化率。由四種(573 K、673 K、773 K、873 K)不同煅燒溫度所製備Cu/Al2O3/RHA觸媒,其中以673 K煅燒所得觸媒活性較高,因觸媒中平均銅粒徑最小且分散度最高。
摘要(英) In this work, the rice husk ash (RHA) was used as a catalyst support. The RHA-supported copper catalysts (Cu/Al2O3/RHA) were prepared by the deposition-precipitation technique. Production of hydrogen by partial oxidation of methanol (POM) over Cu/Al2O3/RHA catalysts was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by a variety of techniques, including N2O chemisorption, X–ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma-atomic mission spectrometer, thermogravimetric analyzer, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction. The copper surface area was determined by pulse chemisorption using N2O. We found a correlation between the copper surface area and catalytic activity.
TEM images show that copper crystallites are spherical in shape. The particles size of copper increases with increasing the calcinaiton temperature. SEM observations show that these catalysts are formed with great structure of net. XRD analyses demonstrate that spinel CuAl2O4 is formed when the calcination temperature over 773 K . The results of the activity tests indicate that the Al2O3 promoter and the catalyst composition greatly influence the activity as well as the selectivity for H2 formation . The introduction of Al2O3 promoter not only helps to increase the activity of Cu/Al2O3/RHA catalyst but also improves the stability of the catalyst. The activity of Cu/Al2O3/RHA catalysts with different Al2O3 loading , O2/CH3OH ratio, calcination temperature and reaction temperature was optimized. The most suitable catalysts , prepared at 10wt.% Cu/1wt.% Al2O3/RHA, O2/CH3OH = 0.3, calcined at 673 K and reacted at 523 K show higher activity.
關鍵字(中) ★ 氫氣
★ 甲醇部分氧化
★ 促進劑
★ 氧化鋁
★ 銅觸媒
★ 觸媒
關鍵字(英) ★ hydrogen
★ partial oxidation of methanol
★ promoter
★ alumina
★ copper catalyst
★ catalyst
論文目次 目錄v
圖目錄ix
表目錄xiv
第一章 緒論1
1.1 前言1
1.2 燃料電池原理3
1.3 燃料電池的種類5
1.4 甲醇製氫6
1.5 研究內容與論文架構7
第二章 文獻回顧9
2.1 稻殼灰分的製備程序9
2.2 銅觸媒的性質9
2.3 沈澱固著法製備擔載銅觸媒11
2.4 煅燒與還原程序13
2.5 擔體與擔體效應14
2.6 銅金屬表面積的測定16
2.7 銅活性位子17
2.8 添加氧化鋁促進劑18
第三章 實驗方法與裝置19
3.1 稻殼灰分擔體的製備19
3.1-1 水洗程序19
3.1-2 酸洗程序20
3.1-3 熱解程序22
3.1-4 碳燒程序24
3.2 擔載銅觸媒的製備24
3.3 擔體銅觸媒的鑑定分析28
3.3-1 感應耦合電漿原子放射光譜儀(ICP-AES)分析28
3.3-2 熱重分析(TGA)29
3.3-3 X射線繞射分析(XRD)30
3.3-4 程式升溫還原(TPR)33
3.3-5 銅金屬表面積的量測34
3.3-6 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)分析40
3.3-7 穿透式電子顯微鏡 (TEM)41
3.4 觸媒活性測試—甲醇部份氧化產製氫氣反應45
3.5 實驗流程與操作變數46
3.5-1 稻殼灰分(RHA)的製備46
3.5-2 稻殼灰分擔體銅觸媒 (Cu/RHA)49
3.6 數據的計算與實例50
3.6-1 銅觸媒與促進劑Al2O3理論載量的定義與計算50
3.6-2 轉化率的定義與計算51
3.6-3 選擇率的定義與計算54
3.6-4 產生速率的定義與計算56
3.7 氣體、藥品及儀器設備57
3.7-1 氣體57
3.7-2 藥品58
3.7-3 儀器設備58
第四章 結果與討論 60
4.1 物性分析60
4.1-1 觸媒上的成份分析60
4.1-2 煅燒條件的選擇62
4.1-3 X射線繞射分析(XRD)64
4.1-4 程式升溫還原(TPR)的分析結果69
4.1-5 N2O分析結果(N2O - Titration)73
4.1-6 穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)75
4.1-7 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)77
4.2 化性分析82
4.2-1 添加促進劑Al2O3對觸媒活性的影響84
4.2-2 煅燒溫度對觸媒活性的影響87
4.2-3 反應物進料比對觸媒活性的影響93
4.2-5 反應溫度對觸媒活性的影響97
4.2-6 10wt.% Cu/1wt.% Al2O3/RHA與10wt.% Cu/1wt.% Al2O3/SiO2觸媒的比較99
第五章 結論106
參考文獻109
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指導教授 張奉文(Feg-wen Chang) 審核日期 2010-7-1
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