熱裂解降解飛灰中戴奧辛之研究

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廖振淵(Chen-yuan Liao) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

熱裂解降解飛灰中戴奧辛之研究
(Degradation of Dioxin in Fly Ashes via Pyrolysis)

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摘要(中)

國內飛灰主要來源為垃圾焚化爐、電弧爐煉鋼廠及二次金屬冶煉產業，由於含高濃度之戴奧辛及重金屬，屬有害事業廢棄物。每年產生之飛灰量佔有害事業廢棄物總量的62 %，且穩定化後之體積明顯增加，該如何有效降低飛灰毒性、減少固化體積及提升飛灰再利用之可行性已成為國內迫在眉捷亟需解決之環境議題。本研究擬針對都市垃圾焚化爐飛灰、二次銅冶煉飛灰、電弧爐集塵灰及電弧爐集塵灰處理廠飛灰進行特性分析，並透過熱解方式分解飛灰中之戴奧辛，為我國飛灰處理問題尋求完善且可行之處理技術。其結果指出，溫度越高、反應時間越長，飛灰有較高之PCDD/Fs去除率，在3小時、400oC、有氣流及無氧的環境下，都市垃圾焚化爐飛灰之PCDD/Fs去除率為98.1%，二次銅冶煉飛灰之PCDD/Fs去除率為26%，電弧爐集塵灰處理廠飛灰之PCDD/Fs去除率為72%，顯示此操作條件下，都市垃圾焚化爐飛灰之PCDD/Fs去除率為最高。而氣流之有無對不同產業飛灰而言，PCDD/Fs去除效率差異不大。若飛灰操作於3小時、400oC及含5%氧之氣流中，四種飛灰皆有顯著PCDD/Fs生成，其中以二次銅冶煉之PCDD/Fs生成毒性濃度值最高，為304.5 ng-TEQ/g。添加氧化鈣與氫氧化鈣於四種飛灰上，大體而言氫氧化鈣對飛灰中PCDD/Fs之去除效率較氧化鈣好，在各種添加量下，氫氧化鈣之毒性去除效率大多高於氧化鈣。

摘要(英)

The major fly ash sources in Taiwan include municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs), electric arc furnaces (EAFs) and secondary metal smelting processes. Because fly ashes contain high concentration of dioxin and heavy metal, they belong to hazardous waste and have to be treated before its releases. Fly ashes account for 62% of total hazardous industrial waste in Taiwan, and fly ashes are mostly treated with stabilization/solidification in Taiwan, resulting in the increase of fly ash volume. So how to efficiently lower the toxicity in fly ashes, reducing the stabilization/solidification fly ashes volume are the most important issue in Taiwan. This study is motivated to understand the fly ash characteristics and construct a pyrolysis system for degrading dioxins in the fly ashes. The fly ashes investigated in this study include municipal solid waste incinerators fly ashes, electric arc furnaces fly ashes, Waelz process fly ashes and secondary copper smelting fly ashes. The results show that the dioxin removal efficiency is higher as the reaction time gets longer or temperature gets higher. At 3 hour, 400oC, 100% nitrogen flow, the dioxin removal efficiency is 98.1% in MWI fly ashes, 26% in secondary copper smelting fly ashes, 72% in EAF fly ashes; it shows that MWI fly ash has the highest dioxin removal efficiency. The dioxin removal efficiencies do not change significantly whether the system contains the flow or not. Dioxin formation is observed when the flow contains 5% oxygen, and the secondary copper smelting fly ashes is of the highest formation. The dioxin removal efficiency achieved by adding Ca(OH)2 is higher than that of adding CaO.

關鍵字(中)

★ 戴奧辛
★ 飛灰
★ 熱裂解
★ 鹼劑

關鍵字(英)

★ Dioxin
★ Fly Ashes
★ Pyrolysis
★ Alkali Additive

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
第一章前言 1
1.1 研究源起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章文獻回顧 3
2.1 飛灰種類及其基本特性 3
2.1.1 都市垃圾焚化爐 3
2.1.2 電弧爐煉鋼 16
2.1.3 集塵灰處理廠 19
2.1.4 二次冶煉銅 19
2.2 飛灰中的戴奧辛 20
2.3 飛灰的處理方式 22
2.3.1 固化法/穩定固化法 22
2.3.2 濕式化學處理 23
2.3.3 熔融法 23
2.3.4 再利用 25
2.4 飛灰的熱處理 25
第三章研究方法與設備 36
3.1 研究方法與流程 36
3.2 批次熱裂解系統建立 36
3.3 飛灰基本性質分析方法及原理 39
3.3.1 重金屬溶出量 39
3.3.2 比表面積 42
3.3.3 表面特性 42
3.3.4 氯鹽分析 43
3.3.5 硫酸鹽分析 43
3.3.6 元素分析 43
3.3.7 pH值 44
3.3.8 含水率 44
3.4 實驗之藥品、溶劑、材料、設備 44
3.4.1 實驗藥品 44
3.4.2 實驗溶劑 45
3.4.3 實驗材料 45
3.4.4 實驗設備 46
3.4.5 飛灰中戴奧辛分析程序 46
第四章結果與討論 57
4.1 飛灰基本性質探討 57
4.2 溶出特性 65
4.3 飛灰熱解探討 68
4.3.1 不同來源飛灰之原始戴奧辛濃度比較 68
4.3.2 都市垃圾焚化爐飛灰中戴奧辛裂解效率之探討 70
4.3.3 二次銅冶煉飛灰中戴奧辛裂解效率之探討 74
4.3.4 電弧爐集塵灰中戴奧辛裂解效率之探討 74
4.3.5 集塵灰處理廠飛灰中戴奧辛裂解效率之探討 75
4.3.6 不同飛灰裂解結果之比較 76
4.4 含鈣鹼劑對PCDD/Fs裂解之影響 77
4.4.1 含鈣鹼劑對都市垃圾焚化爐飛灰中戴奧辛裂解效率之探討 77
4.4.2 含鈣鹼劑對二次銅冶煉飛灰中戴奧辛裂解效率之探討 79
4.4.3 含鈣鹼劑對電弧爐集塵灰中戴奧辛裂解效率之探討 81
4.4.4 含鈣鹼劑對集塵灰處理廠飛灰中戴奧辛裂解效率之探討 81
4.4.5 總整理 82
第五章結論與建議 84
5.1 結論 84
5.2 建議 86
參考文獻 86

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指導教授

張木彬(Moo-been Chang)

審核日期

2010-7-28

推文