液晶面板廠之含磷廢水化學混凝處理評估

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姓名

刁仁康(Ren Kang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

環境工程研究所在職專班

論文名稱

液晶面板廠之含磷廢水化學混凝處理評估
(Evaluation of Phosphate-containing Wastewater Treated by Chemical Coagulation Process in TFT-LCD Plant)

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摘要(中)

本研究案例廠為一TFT-LCD六代廠，該廠建置以高水回收率為目標；製程水回收率90 %、全廠水回收率85 %。也因高水回收率，致使稀釋效果不佳，放流水的磷濃度較同產業偏高。
由案例廠含磷廢水流佈調查，含磷濃度較高的廢水主要來源共有二處：一為製程所直接排放之鋁蝕刻清洗廢水；另一為鋁蝕刻清洗廢水，經混合其他低濃度有機廢水收集後，再經生物處理系統(缺氧/好氧+MBR)及逆滲透過濾處理後，於逆滲透單元所產生的RO濃縮排出水(ROR)。
本研究分別利用氯化鈣、氯化鋁、氯化亞鐵三種混凝劑，進行化學混凝瓶杯試驗操作，處理上述二股實廠廢水。實驗結果顯示，其除磷的最適操作條件分別為：(1)氯化鈣之最適pH值為8、Ca/P比為2.0、(2)氯化鋁之最適pH值為5、Al/P比為1.4、及(3)氯化亞鐵之最適pH值為6、Fe/P比為1.8。鋁鹽和鐵鹽之實驗結果與文獻相同，但氯化鈣在pH值高於9以上，磷的去除效率會減低，此與一般添加石灰在pH值10以上，可得較佳效果，明顯的不同。此外經整體評估比較藥劑成本及操作狀況，於案例廠除磷，以氯化鈣為較佳的混凝藥劑。
比較化學混凝除磷單元於案例廠設置地點，不論設在二股實廠廢水源何處，其化學藥劑及污泥操作費用差異很小，但鋁蝕刻清洗廢水經直接化混後，其水質可能會阻塞後續RO膜，失去水回收效益，且鋁蝕刻清洗廢水之化混單元的工程施作費用較高，經評估水資源效益及工程費用後，將化混單元，設置於案例廠處理RO濃縮水中的磷，為較適之位置。

摘要(英)

The wastewater treatment system, installed at a 6th generation of TFT-LCD manufacturing plant, was designed to meet the goal of reaching 90 % process water recovery and 85 % total water recovery. The high percentage of water recovery resulted in losing the dilution efficiency, thus, the effluent phosphorous concentration was much higher compared with the effluent qualities discharged by similar industry.
According to the investigation of phosphorous distribution in various sources of this case plant, it found that there are two major sources of phosphate containing wastewater. One is directly discharge from cleaning process of Al-etching. The other is RO reject (ROR) in which the RO system followed on the anoxic/aerobic coupled with membrane filtration (A/O MBR) process for treating the mixture of raw wastewater from cleaning process of Al-etching and low organic concentration wastewater from other manufacturing processes.
This study intent to investigate the optimum operation conditions for removing the phosphate from the above two sources of wastewater by chemical coagulation jar test using calcium chloride, aluminum chloride, and ferrous chloride as coagulant, respectively. The experimental results revealed that the optimum operating conditions were: (1) pH value was 8 and Ca/P dosage ratio was 2 for calcium chloride; (2) pH value was 5 and Al/P dosage ratio was 1.4 for aluminum chloride; and (3) pH value was 6 and Fe/P dosage ratio was 1.8 for ferrous chloride. The optimum results obtained in this study were fully agreeing with the past studies for aluminum chloride and ferrous chloride as coagulant. However, the phosphate removal efficiency was decreased as the pH value was greater than 9 for calcium chloride as coagulant in this study. This result was completely disagreeing with using lime as common coagulant which the best phosphate removal efficiency generally occurs at pH was above 10. Based on the comparative evaluation of chemical cost and operating condition for the three coagulants, it suggests that calcium chloride is the proper coagulant for removing phosphate in the case plant.
Comparing the chemical cost and waste sludge treatment cost for treating these two phosphate containing wastewater streams, there are insignificant differences for installing chemical coagulation process at either site of wastewater source. However, the wastewater from cleaning process of Al-etching after pretreatment by chemical coagulation, its water qualities may cause clogging of the RO membrane and decreasing the benefits for water recycle and reuse. Meanwhile, the construction cost of chemical coagulation process for phosphate removal from Al-etching wastewater was high. Consequently, the better location for phosphate removal by chemical coagulation process in this case plant should focus on ROR stream.

關鍵字(中)

★ 除磷
★ 化學混凝
★ RO濃縮水
★ 鋁蝕刻廢水
★ TFT-LCD

關鍵字(英)

★ TFT-LCD
★ Al-etching wastewater
★ Chemical Coagula

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xiv
第一章前言 1
1-1研究緣起 1
1-2研究目的 4
第二章文獻回顧 7
2-1TFT-LCD製程 7
2-2含磷廢水排放特性 8
2-2-1含磷廢水來源 8
2-2-2含磷廢水減量後流佈分析 10
2-3案例廠廢水處理單元除磷能力分析 16
2-4除磷的原理及影響因子 19
2-4-1 化學除磷原理 19
2-4-2常用藥劑及可能之反應機制 19
2-4-3化學除磷影響因子 21
2-4-4生物除磷原理 22
2-4-5生物除磷影響因子 24
2-4-6結晶除磷的原理 25
2-4-7各種除磷技術比較 26
第三章研究方法 28
3-1研究流程 28
3-2實驗材料 30
3-2-1水樣來源 30
3-2-2實驗設備 32
3-2-3實驗藥品 35
3-3實驗操作方法 36
3-4水質分析方法 37
第四章結果與討論 39
4-1磷酸鈣化學混凝沉降 39
4-1-1磷酸鈣化學混凝最適pH值 39
4-1-2磷酸鈣化學混凝最適加藥量 42
4-1-3磷酸鈣化學混凝污泥沉降性評估 45
4-2磷酸鋁化學混凝沉降 48
4-2-1磷酸鋁化學混凝最適pH值 48
4-2-2磷酸鋁化學混凝最適加藥量 51
4-2-3磷酸鋁化學混凝污泥沉降性評估 54
4-3磷酸鐵化學混凝沉降 58
4-3-1磷酸鐵化學混凝最適pH值 58
4-3-2磷酸鐵化學混凝最適加藥量 61
4-3-3磷酸鐵化學混凝污泥沉降性評估 64
4-4化學混凝除磷最適條件評估 68
4-4-1最適條件處理後導電度影響 72
4-4-2最適條件處理後污泥沉降效果 73
4-4-3最適條件處理後上澄液狀況及污泥產生量 74
4-5化學混凝除磷效益及應用評估 78
4-5-1化學混凝除磷效益估算 78
4-5-2化學混凝除磷應用評估 81
第五章結論與建議 87
5-1結論 87
5-2建議 88
參考文獻 89
附錄一 95
附錄二 107

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指導教授

曾迪華(Dyi-Hwa Tseng)

審核日期

2012-7-26

推文