圖繪史瓦濟蘭瓜魯賽尼地區都市化之變遷型態

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曼德拉(Mandla Mkhonta) 查詢紙本館藏

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國際永續發展碩士在職專班

論文名稱

圖繪史瓦濟蘭瓜魯賽尼地區都市化之變遷型態
(Mapping Changing Urbanization Patterns in Kwaluseni, Swaziland)

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摘要(中)

都市化已儼然成為許多發展中國家的重要議題。當在史瓦濟蘭行政轄區的快速增加的人口密度，Kwaluseni市正經歷著一場由都市化現象所造成的地景變化。本研究將應用衛星影像資料與GIS技術，分析1990與2009年兩個時期都市建成區成長樣式來檢驗都市化發展的歷程。
變遷偵測的方式是基於由高解析衛星影像與航空照片的人工判釋來比較並評估其變化程度。人工判釋的建成區包含了僅以居住使用的建築，以及其他非居住使用的建築。分類過程包括了兩個主要步驟：(1)建立30公尺見方的區域格網；(2)以人工判釋航空照片與谷哥地球的QuickBird衛星影像。
建成區域的土地利用被劃分為四個主要的居住密度資料類別：(1)無居住; (2)低密度 ; (3)中等密度 (4) 高密度。
結果顯示在都市周圍地區的居住區土地使用變化強度相較於工業與商業化使用區域來得大。而擴張區域包含農業區與開闊平坦區的形態轉變。總體來說，本研究展示了以衛星影像與GIS技術在土地利用變遷歷史軌跡應用上與日俱增的重要性，特別是在都市區擴張偵測應用。
本研究方法應用於以視覺偵測判釋小區域土地利用變遷的研究上至為可行。

摘要(英)

Urbanization has become an important issue for many developing countries. As the most densely populated inkhundla in Swaziland, Kwaluseni is experiencing dramatic landscape changes attributable to urbanization. This research examines the process of urbanization utilizing satellite imagery and GIS to analyze patterns of urban growth that occurred in two periods, 1999 and 2009. Change detection methods, based on manual interpretation of free high resolution satellite images and aerial photographs, were used to evaluate growth rates and development. Built-up areas were identified as areas that were occupied by housing structures but not strictly used for housing. The classification process involves two main steps: 1) creating a 30 m x 30 m grid; 2) visual interpretation of aerial photo and QuickBird satellite image from Google Earth. Land was classified into four classes of housing density data: 1) no housing; 2) low density; 3) medium density; and 4) high density. The results indicate that residential land uses were higher compared with industrial/commercial uses especially its peri-urban areas. The expansion, involves the conversion of agricultural land and open spaces. Overall, the findings demonstrate the growing importance of remote sensing and GIS approaches in tackling land use problems, especially urban growth. The methodology used in this study is suitable for studying changes in small areas as it involves visual detection.

關鍵字(中)

★ 判釋
★ 分類
★ 捷鳥
★ 谷哥地球
★ 行政轄區
★ 都市周圍土地
★ 都市
★ 地理資訊系統

關鍵字(英)

★ Classification.
★ Interpretation
★ QuckBird
★ Google Earth
★ Inkhundla
★ Peri-urban
★ Urban
★ Geographical Information Systems

論文目次

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
Acknowledgements iii
CONTENTS iv
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Research Problem 5
1.3 Objectives and Research Questions 7
1.4 Scope and Limitations of the Study 8
1.5 Conceptual Framework 9
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 12
2.1 Definitions and Terminology 12
2.2 Remote Sensing of Urban Change Studies 12
CHAPTER 3. THE STUDY AREA 18
3.1 General Background of Swaziland 18
3.2 Population 18
3.3 Economy 19
3.3.1 Factory Shells 19
3.4 Land 22
3.4.1 Land Tenure 22
3.4.2 Housing 23
3.5 The Study Area 24
CHAPTER 4. METHODOLOGY 28
4.1 Data Acquisition 28
4.1.1 Aerial Photographs 28
4.1.2 Satellite Data 29
4.2 Data Preprocessing 30
4.2.1 Mosaicking Aerial Photos 30
4.2.2 Creating the QuickBird Image 30
4.2.3 Image-to-Image Registration 32
4.2.3a Image Transformation 32
4.2.3b Selection of Ground Control Points 33
4.2.3c Root Mean Square Error 35
4.2.3d Image Resampling 36
4.3 Housing Density Classification 37
4.4 Spatial Data Analysis 40
CHAPTER 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 41
5.1 Spatial Distribution of Houses 41
5.2 Housing Change Detection 44
5.2.1 Urban Area 46
5.2.2 Peri-Urban Area 48
5.3 Buffer Analysis 52
5.4 Analysis of Drivers of Land-Use Change 54
5.4.1 Population 55
5.4.2 Land Tenure 56
5.4.3 Public Utilities and Services 56
5.4.4 Public Policies and Impacts on Land-Use Change 57
5.5 Google Earth as a Research Tool 58
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENDATIONS 60
6.1 Conclusions 60
6.2 Recommendations 61
REFERENCES 63

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指導教授

陳繼藩(Chi-Farn Chen)

審核日期

2010-8-17

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