在具有RFID的分區揀貨倉庫環境下之揀貨問題探討

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姓名

陳姿穎(Tzu-ying Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

工業管理研究所

論文名稱

在具有RFID的分區揀貨倉庫環境下之揀貨問題探討
(A STUDY OF ZONE PICKING IN A DISTRIBUTION CENTER WITH RFID)

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摘要(中)

本研究主要探討物流中心（Distribution Center；D.C.）的揀貨問題，根據Ho與Chien（2006）的揀貨環境為藍圖，探討加入無線射頻辨識系統（Radio Frequency Identification；RFID）後所增加揀貨上的彈性，其中，在此環境中所具備的主要特性為：倉儲揀貨區域被分為若干個獨立的揀貨區域，而每個揀貨區域一次只能容納一位揀貨人員。因此，如何規劃出最佳的揀貨路徑策略，將影響揀貨作業的效率。
近年來有許多新技術的產生，其中RFID所具備的即時資訊傳遞特性在許多行業皆有其應用，尤其在物流業中應用普及，在物流中心的揀貨作業中，揀貨人員根據系統傳達的揀貨資訊來進行揀貨，因此揀貨資訊的傳送將攸關揀貨作業的成效，本研究即根據RFID的特性改善過去環境的部分限制，應用在物流中心的揀貨作業上，期望能提升揀貨作業的績效，使整個揀貨系統執行的更有效率。
吾人將焦點放在，探討具備RFID的揀貨新環境與原始環境中之揀貨效率有何差異，其中包含揀貨環境中的揀貨區域環境以及揀貨策略改善與基礎比較對象Ho與Chien（2006）所使用的彈性揀貨路徑策略之模擬實驗結果有何不同，以系統總執行時間、總揀貨距離以及總揀貨時間等三個績效評估準則進行比較。

摘要(英)

The focus of this study is to discuss the picking problem of logistics center (Distribution Center; DC), we quote the picking environment in research of Ho and Chien (2006) as a blueprint and add radio frequency identification system (RFID) to increase flexibility, in this environment, the main characteristics: warehouse picking area is separated into many independent picking areas, and each picking area can accommodate one picker once. Therefore, how to plan the best strategy of picking path will affect the efficiency of order picking.
In recent years, we have seen many new technologies in the industries. The RFID has the application in different kinds of industries with instant transmission characteristics of information. We find that it is common in the logistics. In the process, picker bases on the system to convey information in order to implement picking. Therefore, the transmission of information has to do with the effectiveness of picking. In this research, we improve the part constraints of past environment and apply it to pick in the logistics center. We hope that it can not only enhance the performance of picking but also make the whole system of picking be more efficient.
I will focus on a new environment with RFID about picking problems and discuss efficiency of the new and original environment of the differences. Improve of new environment with RFID including picking zone and picking strategies. Comparison with Ho and Chien (2006) the use of dynamic zone-visitation sequencing (DZVS) strategy simulation results the difference of performance evaluation criteria in the total system execution time, total distance and total order picking time.

關鍵字(中)

★ 無線射頻辨識系統
★ 物流中心
★ 揀貨區域
★ 即時資訊傳遞

關鍵字(英)

★ Distribution Center
★ Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
★ Transmission of Instant Information
★ Picking Zone

論文目次

目錄................................................................................................................................i
圖目錄.......................................................................................................................... iii
表目錄...........................................................................................................................iv
第一章緒論..................................................................................................................1
1.1 研究背景.........................................................................................................1
1.2 研究動機.........................................................................................................1
1.3 研究目的.........................................................................................................3
1.4 研究環境.........................................................................................................3
1.5 研究方法說明.................................................................................................4
1.6 研究架構.........................................................................................................5
第二章文獻探討..........................................................................................................7
2.1 物流.................................................................................................................7
2.1.1 物流之定義..........................................................................................7
2.1.2 物流中心..............................................................................................8
2.2 倉儲空間配置...............................................................................................10
2.2.1 倉儲走道設計....................................................................................10
2.2.2 設施規劃............................................................................................11
2.3 揀貨作業.......................................................................................................13
2.3.1 訂單揀取類型....................................................................................14
2.3.2 揀貨路徑策略....................................................................................15
2.3.3 銷售旅行者問題（Traveling Salesman Problem; TSP） ................20
2.4 揀貨作業相關系統.......................................................................................22
2.4.1 電子輔助揀貨系統（Computer Aided Picking System；CAPS）.22
2.4.2 射頻（RF）.......................................................................................24
2.4.3 無線射頻辨識系統（RFID） ..........................................................24
2.5 模擬退火法（Simulated Annealing；SA）................................................26
第三章研究方法........................................................................................................28
3.1 研究設備........................................................................................................28
3.1.1 設備簡介............................................................................................28
3.1.2 設備應用流程....................................................................................29
3.2 揀貨環境.......................................................................................................31
3.2.1 原始環境............................................................................................32
3.2.2 揀貨區域之I/O點非單一功能..........................................................33
3.3 模擬退火.......................................................................................................34
3.3.1 模擬退火之簡介................................................................................35
3.3.2 模擬退火的應用................................................................................35
3.4 彈性揀貨路徑策略.......................................................................................37
3.5 新環境下之揀貨決策...................................................................................39
3.5.1 具有RFID下之彈性揀貨路徑策略..................................................39
3.6 即時揀貨路徑策略.......................................................................................42
3.6.1 具有RFID下之即時彈性揀貨路徑策略..........................................43
第四章系統模擬與分析............................................................................................45
4.1 實驗環境設定...............................................................................................45
4.1.1 產品項類別與單位容積考量............................................................46
4.1.2 總實驗訂單張數................................................................................46
4.1.3 揀取車輛負載量、行走速度與數量................................................46
4.1.4 環境假設與限制條件........................................................................47
4.2 實驗因子組合...............................................................................................47
4.3 績效評估準則...............................................................................................48
4.4 ANOVA分析..................................................................................................49
4.5 實驗結論........................................................................................................59
第五章結論與建議....................................................................................................62
5.1 研究結論........................................................................................................62
5.2 後續研究建議................................................................................................63
參考文獻......................................................................................................................64

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指導教授

何應欽(Ying-chin Ho)

審核日期

2010-7-20

推文