博碩士論文 975201089 詳細資訊




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姓名 盧彥儒(Yen-Ju Lu)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 電機工程學系
論文名稱 使用隱馬可夫模型於穩態視覺誘發之腦波人機介面判斷 與其腦波控制遙控車應用
(Command Classification in SSVEP-based BCI using HMM and Its Application to Handle a Remote-Control Car )
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摘要(中) 近年來,穩態視覺誘發電位(steady state visual evoked potential, SSVEP)為基礎之大腦人機界面(BCI)已被廣泛使用,藉由利用不同頻率對閃光進行進行編碼,系統可以經過分析穩態視覺誘發電位的頻率,辨別出使用者正在注視的閃光,並輸出對應的控制指令。相較於其它腦波人機介面,以穩態視覺誘發電位為基礎之腦波人機介面,具有高傳輸率(>20位元/分)與高準確率(>90%),故受到研究學者的重視。然而,此種腦波人機介面在使用者移動視線注視不同選項時,會造成視覺誘發電位訊號的不明確而導致系統無法判別或誤判。為了解決此問題,本研究提出用匹配濾波器擷取訊號特徵,再利用隱馬可夫模型(Hidden Markov Model,HMM),對誘發的腦波訊號建立模型,並藉由維特比解碼(Viterbi Decoding)找出隸屬各模型之最大機率以進行分類,達到提高訊號辨識度的效果。目前有3位受測者,平均正確率可達90.21%,平均ITR為32.9 bits/min。本研究使用隱馬可夫模型可針對不同選項間之轉換情形進行辨識,研究成果可提高視覺誘發腦波人機介面之穩定度,將來預計可進一步提升辨識速度,應用於遙控車之即時控制上。
摘要(英) In recent years, steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) – based brain computer interface (BCI) has been widely used in many applications. By tagging flickers with different frequencies, user’s gazed targets can be recognized by analyzing the frequencies of SSVEPs. SSVEP-based BCI has drawn great attentions by scientist and engineers due to its high information transfer rate (>20bits/min) and high accuracy (>90%). However, uncertainty and ambiguity usually occurs while user shifting his gaze between different targets, which usually result in incapability or, even worse, discrimination error in gazed target identification. Therefore, this study attempts to adopt hidden markov model (HMM) to classify the measured SSVEP into gazed, target-shifted and unattended states. The frequency contents in SSVEP were first analyzed by a match-filter detector and viterbi decoding was subsequently used to evaluate the probability of categories in HMM. The model which had maximum probability was recognized to activate its corresponding command. Currently, we have tested the proposed system on three volunteers with a mean accuracy of 90.21%. The experiment results validated the efficacy of HMM in discerning the transition states when subject shifting their gazes among different targets, which might be helpful to increase the stability of a SSVEP-based BCI. Future work will apply this system to the real-time control of a remote-control car.
關鍵字(中) ★ 腦電波
★ 穩態視覺誘發電位
★ 馬可夫模型
★ 腦人機介面
關鍵字(英) ★ electroencephalography (EEG)
★ steady-state visual
論文目次 摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 論文架構 3
第二章 腦波與大腦人機介面 4
2.1 大腦結構 4
2.2 大腦皮質的各功能區 5
2.3 腦波 6
2.4 腦波量測 7
2.5 視覺誘發電位 9
2.6 以穩態視覺誘發電位設計的BCI系統 9
第三章 研究方法與流程 12
3.1 系統架構 12
3.2 dsPIC數位訊號控制器 13
3.3視覺刺激介面 14
3.4 生理放大器 16
3.5 隱馬可夫模型 21
3.5.1 馬可夫鏈 21
3.5.2隱馬可夫模型介紹 22
3.5.3 HMM於語音辨識流程回顧 33
3.5.4 應用HMM於BCI選項辨識 35
3.6 遙控車系統架構介紹 40
3.6.1車體外型與結構 40
3.6.2電源驅動系統 42
3.6.3超音波感測器與工作電路 43
3.6.4馬達驅動電路 46
3.6.5無線傳輸模組 49
3.6.6無線攝影機 50
3.6.7微處理器控制流程 52
第四章 實驗與結果 57
4.1實驗設計 57
4.1.1 模型建立 57
4.1.2 交叉驗證 59
4.2 實驗結果 60
4.2.1 特徵擷取結果 60
4.2.2模型訓練結果 61
4.2.3 驗證比對結果 63
4.3 結果討論 76
第五章 結論與未來展望 77
參考文獻 79
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指導教授 李柏磊(Po-Lei Lee) 審核日期 2010-7-17
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