| 參考文獻 |
（一）外文
檔案史料：
“Abolition of the system registration and inspection of Brothels, 6 June 1894,”in Selangor Secretariat File, 477A/ 1894
“Additional rule to the “Chandu Shops Enactment 1906” to the keeping of children in a public chandu smoking room, 8 January 1909,” in Selangor Secretariat File, 149/1909.
“Alleged kidnapping of a Chinese woman named Ho. Ah Yuk. Fwds. minute & memo by P. C. A. on the subject, 6 June 1901,” in High Commissioner Office, Malaya File, PERAK 1099/ 1901.
“Application for the rendition of Kam Fong charged with purchasing a female for the purpose of prostitution, 28 August 1888” in Selangor Secretariat File, CS 2423/88.
“Appointment of certain Chinese gentlemen as a Committee for the “Po Leung Kuk”, 5 June 1909,” in Selangor Secretariat File, 2246/1909.
“Ask permission to add a Chinese Secretary to the staff of the Resident’s Office at $3,600 p.a. recommends Mr. Ridges for the appointment, 11 August 1890,” in Selangor Secretariat File, 546/90.
“Ask that Yap Hon Chin may be Appointed to the Vacant Captaincy, 19 September 1889,” in Selangor Secretariat File, 1957/0016783.
“Brothels, Kuala Lumpur-Report on, for the half year ending Dec. 31st 1892, forwards, 7 February 1893,” in Selangor Secretariat File, MEDICAL 1957/0037537.
“Calls attention to recognize the services of Towkay Ah Shak & Ah Yok rendered to the govt. respecting the secret society, 5 March 1885,” in Selangor Secretariat File, , POLICE 385/85.
“Calls attention to the large number of absconding coolies, 12 August 1888,” in Selangor Secretariat File, US 2214/88.
“Copy of a resolution carried unanimously at Kuala Lumpur on the subject of gradual suppression of the opium traffic. Forwards，7 November 1906,” in Selangor Secretariat File, MISC. 1417/1906.
“Detention of a young girl at the Home. States that the girl is his niece and had all the time lived with his family till lately when she was sent by the Chinese Protector – Prays that the case be enquire into, 20 August 1895,” in Selangor Secretariat File, CH MISCELLANEOUS 4277/1895.
“Discharge ticket to mining coolies, 7 September 1912,” in Selangor Secretariat File, SECRETARIAT SELANGOR 4068/1912.
“Enclose a Report by Asking Mr. Syers as to the existence of Chinese Secret Societies in Selangor, 16 July 1884,” in Selangor Secretariat File, KS 1335/84.
“Forwards a letter from the Capitan China re. immigration & emigration of Chinese Coolies during the past month, 3 April 1890,” in Selangor Secretariat File, 1957/0019563.
“Hospital & treatment for indigent & diseased coolies – As to responsibility of their employer, 19 April 1894,” in Selangor Secretariat File, 353A/1894.
“In that a complaint has been made by a woman Luk Ah Char on account of her niece Wong Woon Hee has been sold as a prostitute to a brothel in Klang, 13 June 1888,” in Selangor Secretariat File, KLANG 1660/88.
“Insanitary condition of the Chinese brothel in Kuala Lumpur, 13 August 1907,” in Selangor Secretariat File, 4459/ 1907.
“Opium smoking in brothels, forwards, for H. E’s information, copy of a letter from the Resident, Selangor, with enclosure, on the subject, 31 May 1907,” in Selangor Secretariat File, R. G. 722/ 1907.
“Petition of See Ah Keaw that enquiry may be made into a charge of kidnapping brought by a prostitute (Tong Ah Hah) on her arrival in Klang against on Seet Chap Sen who held the Promissory note $150 advanced to her by petitioner, 28 April 1887, ”in Selangor Secretariat File，CS 1299/87.
“Petition praying for the appointment of a Captain China in succession to Yap Kwan Seng – (deceased) name of Towkay Yap Hon Chin – Suggested, , 28 March 1902,” in Selangor Secretariat File, 1957/0101559.
“Petition relative to the appointment of the Capitan China, 21 May 1885, ”in Selangor Secretariat File，1957/0004201.
“Proclamation – Secret Society in Selangor, unknown date,” in Selangor Secretariat File, KL 1314/88.
“Proclamation re the Establishment of Secret Society in the State of Selangor, 10 June 1884,” in Selangor Secretariat File, KL 1103/84.
“Proclamation re. the appointment of Yap Shak as Capitan China and Chow Yok as Chinese Magistrate, 19 June 1885,” in Selangor Secretariat File, 1957/0004275.
“Re. the system in force regarding issue of passes to Chinese leaving the State，22 November 1889,” in Selangor Secretariat File, POLICE 4164/89.
“Recommends that a rule be passed to prevent children entering in or remaining in public chandu smoking shops, 15 December 1908,” in Selangor Secretariat File, 6257/1908.
“Registration of brothel, 15 January 1895,” in Selangor Secretariat File, CH: SECRETARIAT 615/ 1895.
“Reports inspection of the brothel, 11 September 1889,” in Selangor Secretariat File，MEDICAL 3080/89.
“The granting of $400 to the Captain China, 28 January 1879,” in Selangor Secretariat File, CS 38/79.
“Ask permission to add a Chinese Secretary to the staff of the Resident’s Office at $3,600 p.a. recommends Mr. Ridges for the appointment, 11 August 1890,” in Selangor Secretariat File, 546/90.
政府公報：
Selangor Government Gazette, Year 1890-91, 1893-96, 1899, 1901, 1903-04, 1906, 1909.
Selangor Government Gazette Supplement, 1903
Perak Government Gazette, Year 1899-1900.
Federated Malay States Government Gazette, Year 1914.
雪蘭莪州與馬來聯邦年度行政報告：
Annual Report of the State of Selangor, Year 1886-87, 1893.
Annual Report of the Federated Malay States, Year 1903.
官方出版品：
British Malaya Opium Committee, Proceedings of the Committee Appointed by His Excellency the Governor and High Commissioner to inquire into Matters relating to the Use of Opium in British Malaya (Singapore: Government Printing Office, 1924).
Government of Federated Malay States, Federated Malay States Enactments Passed in Federal Council in 1909 together with Rules, etc., published during 1909 (Kuala Lumpur: Federated Malay States Government Press, 1910).
Hare, G. T., Report on Taxation of Opium in The Federated Malay States (Taiping: Perak Government Printing Office, 1898).
Parr, C. W. C., comp., Report of the Commission Appointed to enquire into the conditions of Indentured Labour in the Federated Malay States (Kuala Lumpur: Government of the Federated Malay States, 1910).
Robson, J. H. M., comp., The Laws of Selangor 1877-1895.Orders in Council and Regulations together with Rules Made thereunder having the Force of Law.
Smith, Senator Staniforth, Report on Federated Malay States and Java; Their System of Government, Methods of Administration and Economic Development (Melbourne: Australia Government, J. Kemp, Printer for State of Victoria, 1906).
Third Anti-Opium Conference of Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States (Kuala Lumpur: Commercial Press, 1909).
Voules, A. B., comp., The Laws of the Federated Malay States1877-1920, Vol.1(London: Government of the Federated Malay States, 1921).
專書：
Abraham, Colin E. R., The Roots of Race Relation in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur: Insan, 1997).
Blythe, Wilfred, The Impact of Chinese Secret Societies in Malaya (London: Oxford University Press, 1969).
Comber, Leon, Chinese Secret Societies in Malaya: A Survey of the Triad Society From 1800-1900 （New York：J. J. Augustin Incorporated Publisher Locust Valley, 1959.
Earl, George Winsor, The Eastern Seas: Or Voyages and Adventures in the Indian Archipelago, from 1832-34 (London: W.H. Allen, 1837).
Gillick, J. M., Kuala Lumpur 1880-1895 (Kuala Lumpur: Pelanduk Publication, 1988).
Gullick, J. M. Gullick, A History of Selangor 1742-1957 (Singapore: Eastern Universities Press Ltd.).
Gullick, J. M., A History of Kuala Lumpur 1857-1939 (Kuala Lumpur: Malaysia Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 2000).
Gullick, J. M., Selections from the Selangor Journal 1892 – 1897 (Kuala Lumpur: the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 2007).
Gullick, J. M., The Story of Kuala Lumpur (1857-1939) (Kuala Lumpur: Eastern Universities Press, 1983).
Hare, G. T., A text book of documentary Chinese selected and designed for the special use of members of the civil service of the Straits Settlements and the protected native states (Singapore: Government Printing Office, 1894).
Lai Ah Eng，Peasants, Proletarians and Prostitute, A Preliminary Investigation into the Work of Chinese Women in Colonial Malaya (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1986).
Lee Sheng Yi, The Monetary and Banking Development of Malaysia and Singapore (Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1974).
Middlebrook, S. M, and J.M. Gullick, Yap Ah Loy (Singapore: Malaya Publishing House, Limited, 1951) Note: Being the Vol. XXIV, Part 2 of Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, July 1951 (Monograph).
Milne, William, “Dr. Milne’s Account of a Secret Association in China,” Transactions of the Royal Asiatic of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 1 (1827).
Morse, Hosea Ballou, The International Relations of the Chinese Empire: The period of submission, 1861-1893 (London：Longmans Green, 1918).
Norman, Henry, The People and Politics of the Far East, Travels and Studies in the British, French, Spanish and Portuguese Colonies, Siberia, China, Japan, Korea, Siam and Malaya (London: Fisher Unwin, 1895).
Sadka, Emily, The Protected Malay States, 1874 -1895 (Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 1970).
Swettenham, Frank，British Malaya (London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1948).
Vaughan, J. D., The Manners and Customs of the Chinese (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1971).
Victor, Purcell, The Chinese in Malaya (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1967).
Wong Lin Ken，The Malayan Tin Industry to 1914: With Special Reference to the States of Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang (Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1965).
博、碩士論文：
Zheng, Liren，Overseas Chinese Nationalism in British Malaya，Ph D. diss., Cornell University, 1997.
Lee, Sock Lee, “Pentadbiran British ke atas Hal-ehwal Orang-orang China di Tanah Melayu (1877-1946).” M.A. diss., National University of Malaysia, 1992.
Rolofson, William M., “Relations between the Chinese and the British Government of Malaya up to 1942,” M.A. diss., University of Chicago, 1951.
期刊論文：
Blythe, W. L., “Historical Sketch of Chinese Labour in Malaya,” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 20(1947), pp. 64 -114 .
Butcher, J. G., “The Demise of the Revenue Farm System in the Federated Malay States,” Modern Eastern Asian Studies, Vol. 17 (1983), pp. 387- 412.
Chan Gaik Gnoh, “The Kapitan Cina System in the Straits Settlements,” Malaysia in History, Vol. 25 (1982), pp. 74-80.
Chew, Ernest, “Frank Swettenham and Yap Ah Loy: The Increase of British Political ‘Influence’ in Kuala Lumpur, 1871-1885,”Journal of the Malayan Branch Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 57 (1984), pp.70-87.
Chin Yoon Fong, “The Chinese Protectorate of Selangor 1896-1906,”Malaysia in History, Vol. 15 (1972), pp. 30-42.
Chu Tee Seng, “The Singapore Chinese Protectorate, 1900-1941,”Journal of South Seas Society, Vol. 26(1971), pp. 5-45.
Jackson, James C., “Population Changes in Selangor State, 1850-1891,”The Journal of Tropical Geography, Vol. 19(1964), pp. 42-57.
Jackson, R. N., “Grasping the Nettle: First Successes in the Struggle to Govern the Chinese in Malaya,” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 40(1967), pp.130-139.
Light, Francis, “Notices of Penang,” The Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, Vol. 5 (1851), pp. 1-11, 118-119.
Ng Siew Yoong, “The Chinese Protectorate in Singapore 1877-1900,” Journal of Southeast Asian History, Vol. 2 (1961), pp. 89-115.
Thio Eunice,“The Singapore Chinese Protectorate: Events and Conditions Leading to its Establishment, 1823-1877,” Journal of South Seas Society, Vol.16(1960), pp. 40-80.
Trocki, Carl A.，“The Origins of the Kangchu System 1740-1860,” Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 49(1976), pp. 132-155.
Wong, C. S., “The Protector and the Triad Society,” Journal of Southeast Asian Researches, Vol. 2 (1966), pp. 65-69.
Yen Ching-Hwang,“Ch’ing’s Sale of Honours and the Chinese Leadership in Singapore and Malaya (1877-1912),”Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 1(1970), pp. 20-32.
傳記：
Jackson, R. N., Pickering: Protector of Chinese (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1965).
（二）中文
專書：
G. P. Dartford，不著譯者，《馬來亞史略》（新加坡：聯營出版有限公司，1959年）。
安煥然，《潮人拓殖柔佛原始資料匯編（1期）》（柔佛：南方學院，2003年）。
朱東芹，〈十九世紀的華人私會黨與馬來亞錫礦業〉，《華僑華人歷史研究》，2002年6月第2期。
朱琳，《洪門志》（南昌：江西教育出版社，2010年）。
李業霖主編，《吉隆坡開拓者的足跡──甲必丹葉亞來的一生》，（吉隆坡：華社研究中心，1997年）。
林水檺、駱靜山主編，《馬來西亞華人史》（吉隆坡：馬來西亞留台校友會聯合總會，1984年）。
林遠輝、張應龍著，《新加坡馬來亞華僑史》（廣州：廣東教育出版社，2008年）。
邱格屏，《世外無桃園：東南亞華人秘密會黨》（北京：三聯書店，2003年）。
張集強，《英參政時期的吉隆坡》（吉隆坡：大將出版社，2007年）。
莊國土，《華僑華人與中國的關係》（廣州：廣東高等教育出版社，2001年）。
陳鴻瑜，《關於華僑史的幾個問題》（台北市：中華民國海外華人研究學會，2005年）。
麥留芳著，張清江譯，《星馬華人私會黨的研究》（臺北：正中書局，1985年）。
維多•巴素著，張奕善譯，《近代馬來亞華人》（臺北：台灣商務印書館，1967年）。
維多•巴素著，郭湘章譯，《東南亞之華僑》（臺北：正中書局，1974年）。
鄭惠明，〈華民政務司署史略〉，《南洋學報》，卷4期1（1971年）。
謝愛萍主編，《馬來西亞廣東人研究論文集》（吉隆坡：馬來西亞廣東會館，2007年）。
顏清湟著，粟明鮮等譯，《新馬華人社會史》（北京：中國華僑出版公司，1991年）。
期刊論文：
王明星，〈晚清政府兩次禁煙的不同成效及原因探析〉，《牡丹江教育學院學報》，2010年第6期，頁14-15。
朱東芹，〈十九世紀的華人私會黨與馬來亞錫礦業〉，《華僑華人歷史研究》，2002年6月第2期，頁54-62。
李佩瑩，〈海峽殖民地的華民護衛司〉，《政大史粹》，期5（2003年），頁95-110。
黃文斌，〈論析吉隆坡華人社區的形成與客家人的參與（1859-1920〉，《亞洲文化》，期32（2008），頁103-126。
黃麟根著，顏清湟譯，〈一九一四年以前西方企業以及馬來亞錫礦業的發展〉，《南洋學報》，期20（1965），頁19-47。
鄭惠明，〈華民政務司署史略〉，《南洋學報》，卷4期1（1971年），頁54-59。
傳記、報紙：
王植原，《葉得來傳》（新加坡：藝華出版印刷有限公司，1958年）。
許雲樵譯，〈葉阿來札記〉，《南洋學報》，卷13期1（1957年）。
《叻報》（新加坡）1908年5月16日，第一版。
紀念特刊：
吉隆坡赤溪公館編，《吉隆坡赤溪公館慶祝120週年即慈善晚宴特刊》（吉隆坡：吉隆坡赤溪公館，2005年）。
林家光主編，〈吉隆坡廣東義山簡史〉，收錄於《廣東義山千禧特刊》（吉隆坡：吉隆坡廣東義山，2001年）。
雪隆惠州會館編，《馬來西亞雪隆惠州會館第142週年會慶紀念特刊》（吉隆坡：雪隆惠州會館，2006年）。
雪隆廣肇會館特刊組編，《雪隆廣肇會館120週年暨義學80週年紀念特刊》（吉隆坡：雪隆廣肇會館，2007年）。
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