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姓名 張皓鈞(Hao-Chun Chang) 查詢紙本館藏 畢業系所 土木工程學系 論文名稱 放射性廢棄物最終處置場緩衝材料與混凝土障壁的交互作用
(The interactions between the buffer material and concrete barrier of radioactive wastes in a repository)相關論文 檔案 [Endnote RIS 格式]
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摘要(中) 本研究以台東樟原村日興土與美國懷俄明州BH膨潤土,運用壓製方式製作膨潤土緩衝材料,並且與符合ACI 349核能安全相關用途混凝土規範的ACI混凝土,以及添加鋼纖維的RPC活性粉混凝土進行電滲加速試驗,以模擬處置場近場環境混凝土與緩衝材料之間長期的交互作用,從中了解混凝土溶出失鈣效應對緩衝材料性質的影響,以評估適合放射性廢棄物處置場之緩衝材料。
試驗結果顯示,經過電滲加速試驗後的二種膨潤土緩衝材料,隨電滲時間越長,回脹量、pH值越低,且越靠近混凝土接觸面之緩衝材料,其鈣/鈉離子比值差距越大,回脹量和pH值也越低。後續的微觀分析結果顯示,二種膨潤土緩衝材料在接近混凝土接觸面的部分有受到鈣離子入侵影響的情形,並隨著電滲時間越長,影響越為顯著,其中BH膨潤土因接觸而產生的變化較明顯;二種混凝土隨電滲時間越長,氫氧化鈣、C-S-H膠體的含量越低,溶出失鈣的現象越顯著,並且在混凝土表面產生許多孔隙,其中以ACI混凝土的變化較為明顯。
摘要(英) Both concrete and clay-based materials serve as engineered barriers for isolation of high-level radioactive wastes in a repository. Being the major components in the barrier system, concrete and buffer material are expected to create an impermeable zone around the high level waste canisters, and the interactions between the two barriers need to be evaluated to insure disposal safety.
In this research, a migration technique was applied to accelerate the migration of calcium ions from the pore solution of concrete so as to investigate the alteration of compacted bentonite in contact with the concrete. The buffer material used is compacted bentonite, made using locally available Zhisin clay and Black Hills bentonite from Wyoming. And the barrier concrete mixes were proportioned according to traditional American Concrete Institute (ACI) mix design method and Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) with steel fiber. After a target cumulative electric charge, the specimen are be removed for analysis. The physical characteristics of both bentonite buffer and concrete barrier are examined to assure that the long-term contact of these 2 barriers does not cause severe degradation.
The results show some decrease in swelling potential and the pH of the buffer material near the interface. Also, buffer material close to the contact of the concrete exhibits larger change in the ratio of calcium/sodium concentration, due to the release of calcium ions from the concrete barrier. The observed changes in BHbentonite are found to be more obvious than that in ZH bentonite.
The content of calcium hydroxide and C-S-H colloid are found to have reduced both in ACI and RPC concrete mixes after the migration test. The leaching of calcium from concrete becomes more prominent with the increase in accelerated electro-osmosis test period. Many pores are found on concrete surface. The effect of the buffer/concrete interactions on ACI concrete is more obvious than that on RPC concrete.
關鍵字(中) ★ 緩衝材料
★ 溶出失鈣
★ 電滲加速試驗關鍵字(英) ★ leaching
★ accelerated electro-osmosis test
★ buffer material論文目次 摘要......................................................I
Abstract.................................................II
致謝....................................................III
目錄.....................................................IV
圖目錄.................................................VIII
表目錄..................................................XII
第一章 緒論..............................................1
1.1 研究動機.............................................1
1.2 研究目的.............................................2
1.3 研究方法與範圍.........................................3
第二章 文獻回顧..........................................6
2.1 放射性廢棄物處置現況................................6
2.2 緩衝材料所需具備功能................................8
2.3 膨潤土礦物基本特性.................................11
2.3.1 膨潤土礦物的結晶構造...........................11
2.3.2 膨潤土與水的作用...............................12
2.3.3 分散與絮凝結構.................................13
2.3.4 pH值對膨潤土結構效應..........................14
2.4 擴散雙層理論和模式原...............................15
2.4.1 pH值對擴散雙層厚度之影響......................16
2.4.2 陽離子水畫半徑對擴散雙層厚度之影響.............17
2.5 膨潤土之回脹潛能...................................18
2.5.1 回脹發生機制...................................18
2.5.2 回脹行為模式...................................18
2.5.3 影響回脹之因素.................................20
2.5.3.1 阿太堡限度.................................20
2.5.3.2 膨潤土類型.................................20
2.6 處置場工程障壁.....................................21
2.6.1 高放射性廢棄物最終處置.........................21
2.6.2 低放射性廢棄物最終處置.........................23
2.7 緩衝材料與混凝土接觸交互作用.......................25
2.7.1 離子交換.......................................25
2.7.2 地下水入侵.....................................29
2.7.2.1 混凝土溶出失鈣.............................30
2.7.2.2 溶出失鈣之過程與機理.......................30
2.7.2.3 緩衝材料性質變化...........................31
第三章 研究計劃.........................................37
3.1 試驗材料...........................................37
3.1.1 日興土.........................................37
3.1.2 BH膨潤土......................................37
3.1.3 ACI混凝土.....................................38
3.1.4 RPC混凝土.....................................39
3.2 材料基本土壤力學性質分析方法.......................39
3.3 電滲加速試驗.......................................40
3.3.1 電滲加速試驗方法...............................40
3.3.2 緩衝材料試體製作...............................41
3.3.3 ACI混凝土試體製作.............................45
3.3.4 RPC混凝土試體製作.............................45
3.4 電滲加速試驗後續分析...............................46
3.4.1 回脹潛能試驗...................................47
3.4.2 陽離子定量分析.................................48
3.4.3 pH值測量......................................49
3.4.4 XRD繞射分析...................................50
3.4.5 TGA熱重分析...................................50
3.4.6 SEM掃描式電子顯微鏡...........................51
第四章 試驗結果與分析...................................53
4.1 材料基本性質分析...................................53
4.2 緩衝材料與混凝土接觸交互作用之模擬.................55
4.3 交互作用對緩衝材料的影響...........................57
4.3.1 陽離子定量.....................................57
4.3.2 回脹潛能.......................................63
4.3.3 pH值..........................................66
4.3.4 熱重分析(TGA)..................................69
4.3.5 X光繞射分析(XRD)..............................75
4.4 交互作用對混凝土的影響.............................81
4.4.1 熱重分析(TGA)..................................81
4.4.2 X光繞射分析(XRD)..............................84
4.4.3 SEM電子顯微鏡觀測.............................88
第五章 結論與建議.......................................94
5.1 結論...............................................94
5.2 建議...............................................95
參考文獻.................................................96
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