全身性振動暴露對於乘坐舒適性與職業性脊椎損傷之影響研究

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：8

、訪客IP：18.227.10.112

姓名

彭子彥(Tzuyen Peng) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

全身性振動暴露對於乘坐舒適性與職業性脊椎損傷之影響研究

相關論文

★ 三次元量床之虛擬儀器教學與訓練系統之設計與開發	★ 駕駛模擬器技術開發及其在駕駛行為研究之應用
★ 電源模組老化因子與加速試驗模型之研究	★ 應用駕駛模擬器探討語音防撞警示系統對駕駛行為之影響
★ 遠距健康監測與復健系統之開發與研究	★ 藥柱低週疲勞特性與壽限評估模式之研究
★ 非接觸式電子經緯儀電腦模擬教學系統之研究	★ 適應性巡航控制系統對於駕駛績效影響之研究
★ 車輛零組件路況模擬系統之開發研究	★ 應用殘障駕駛模擬器探討失衡路況對人體重心影響之研究
★ 聚縮醛(POM)機械性質之射出成型條件最佳化研究	★ 駕駛模擬儀之開發驗證及應用於駕駛疲勞之研究
★ 即時眼部狀態偵測系統之研究	★ 短玻璃纖維強化聚縮醛射出成型條件最佳化與機械性質之研究
★ 手推輪椅虛擬實境系統開發之研究	★ 應用駕駛績效預測車輛碰撞風險之研究

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

至系統瀏覽論文 ( 永不開放)

摘要(中)

在脊髓損傷者的復健醫療評估，是以傷者是否能重新回到職場作為復健成功的指標。在台灣，脊髓損傷患者最常使用的交通工具是改裝後的機車，然而相較於正常駕駛人，病患對於突發狀況或外在因素干擾時所應採取的車輛操控或身體姿態應變能力較差，尤其在駕駛過程中常會面臨到顛簸路面或大坑洞路面等的隨機因素所引發瞬間短暫激振的高加速度及峰值壓力，不僅易造成不舒服感覺、眩暈或嘔吐外，更可能對頸椎產生鞭甩作用，導致嚴重的扭曲損傷，加重脊髓損傷患者的生理傷害。
本研究將以電動車為研究對象，主要目標在探討全身性振動暴露對於乘坐舒適性與脊椎損傷的影響，並找出職業性脊椎損傷之最佳化預防策略。研究內容將整合SolidWorks/Simulation軟體與ISO 2631-5規範，開發出生物脊椎力學分析技術，並深入評估人(行駛車速、乘員載重、乘坐姿態)、車(駕駛座墊)、以及路(道路型態)等多種因素下，腰椎L4/L5的脊椎損傷評估。同時，本研究並將以路況模擬系統進行實車測試，以驗證分析結果。
實驗結果發現當車速越慢或路面越平穩，車輛振動響應較小，對脊椎的損傷量也較小。乘員的重量較重，脊椎的損傷量較小。此外，座墊的存在能有效減輕脊椎的損傷量，而後仰10度的乘坐姿態對於脊椎的損傷量最小。本研究不僅證實乘坐姿態對於脊椎損傷最具影響力，也發現小面關節的應力變化亦是評估脊椎損傷的重要指標之一。相信本研究結果可提升國內汽機車廠在電動車輛設計或零組件研發、設計及試驗時有助益。

摘要(英)

The recovery assessment of spinal cord injury is based on whether patients can go back workplace. In Taiwan, most of patients with spinal cord injury use modified motorcycle for their transportation. However, the ability of control machine and body of patients is worse than normal person when they are in sudden circumstance or interference. Especially the sudden shock is caused by the bumpy road in the drive not only result in discomfort and dizziness but also critical damage with fling the cervical vertebra.
The main of this study is discussing the influence of whole body vibration on comfort and spinal cord injury by using electric motorcycle and finding the best precaution against professional spinal cord injury. The study combine SolidWorks/Simulation with ISO 2631-5 and develop the technology of biomechanical analysis and evaluate damage on lumbar L4/L5 by anthropogenic factors (speed, load and posture), a vehicle factor (cushion), and a road factor (road type). Meanwhile, the study take vehicle tests using road simulation testing system and verify the result.
The result is found that the slower speed, the smoother road and the heavier load, less vibration and damage of spine is. In addition, the cushion can reduce damage effectively, and the reclining 10 degree makes the smallest damage. The study not only prove that the posture make the most influence for spinal cord injury but also that the strain on the zygapophyseal joint is one of the most important points. I believe that this study is a benefit to the vehicle design.

關鍵字(中)

★ 乘坐舒適性
★ 動態響應
★ 生物力學
★ 脊椎損傷
★ 電動車

關鍵字(英)

★ riding comfort
★ dynamic response
★ biomechanics
★ spinal cord injury
★ electric motorcycle

論文目次

摘要................................................................i
ABSTRACT...........................................................ii
誌謝...............................................................iv
論文目錄............................................................v
圖目錄............................................................vii
表目錄..............................................................x
第一章緖論.........................................................1
1.1. 研究動機.....................................................1
1.2. 研究目的.....................................................2
1.3. 論文架構.....................................................3
第二章文獻回顧.....................................................4
2.1. ISO 2631乘坐舒適性..........................................4
2.1.1. ISO 2361-1振動規範......................................4
2.1.2. ISO 2361-5振動規範.....................................10
2.2. 生物脊椎模型................................................12
2.2.1. 脊椎構造簡介............................................12
2.2.2. 生物脊椎力學模型應用研究................................16
2.3. 駕駛振動與職業性脊椎損傷之關聯研究..........................17
2.4. 路況模擬系統簡介............................................19
第三章研究方法....................................................23
3.1. 實驗設計....................................................23
3.2. 實驗設備....................................................27
3.3. 研究流程....................................................38
3.4. 數據擷取與分析..............................................39
第四章結果與討論..................................................41
4.1. 生物脊椎模型驗證............................................41
4.2. 不同因子對於乘適性和脊椎損傷之影響..........................43
4.2.1.道路型態.................................................45
4.2.2.行駛車速.................................................47
4.2.3.乘員載重.................................................49
4.2.4.駕駛座墊.................................................51
4.2.5.乘坐姿態.................................................53
4.3. 職業性脊椎損傷之最佳化預防策略..............................57
第五章結論與未來展望..............................................59
5.1. 結論........................................................59
5.2. 未來展望....................................................59
參考文獻...........................................................60

參考文獻

exposure to whole-body vibration - Part 1: General requirements.
[2] ISO 2631-5:2004, Mechanical vibration and shock - Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration - Part 5: Method for evaluation of vibration containing multiple shocks.
[3]洪一智(2008)。腰椎脊突起間撐開器的有限元素分析。碩士論文，中央大學機械工程研究所。
[4] Martini, Bartholomew(2003), Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology，林自勇、鄧志娟、陳瑩玲等譯，解剖生理學，全威圖書。
[5] James Watkins(2006)，肌肉骨骼系統解剖學:構造與功能，張俊詳等譯，合記圖書。
[6] Anthony P.Schnuerer,P.A. Julio Gallego, M.D. Cristie Manuel,Anatomy of the Spine & Related Structures.
[7] Kettler A. Schmoelz W. Kast E. Gottwald M. Claes L. Wilke HJ. (2005)“In vitro stabilizing effect of a transforaminal compared with two posterior lumbar interbody fusion cages”. [Comparative Study. In Vitro. Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't] Spine. 30(22):E665-70,
[8] 陳振昇(2001)，「腰椎融合手術之生物力學分析」，國立陽明大學醫學工程研究所博士論文.
[9] Martin Fritz (2000) Simulating the response of a standing operator to vibration stress by means of a biomechanical model. Journal of Biomechanics 33, 795-802.
[10] Tony S. Keller (2002). Force-deformation response of the lumbar spine: a sagittal plane model of posteroanterior manipulation and mobilization. Clinical Biomechanics 17,185–196.
[11] B. Hinz, H. Seidel (2008).The significance of using anthropometric parameters and postures of European drivers as a database for finite-element models when calculating spinal forces during whole-body vibration exposure. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 38, 816–843
[12] Olanrewaju(2007), O. O., Steven, J. S., Marianne, M. & Malcolm, P. City bus driving and lowback pain: A study of the exposures to posture demand, manual materials handling and whole-body vibration. Applied Ergonomics, 38, 29-38.
[13]Janis & Dundurs. (2001). Whole-body Vibration at Work of Urban Traffic Drivers. Acta medica Lituanica, 16.
[14] 劉玉文，葉文裕，盧士一 (2002)。拖車司機振動暴露調查研究。行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所研究季刊，10(4)，304-314。
[15] 范德富(2005)。機車騎乘舒適性與駕駛健康性之最佳化避震器參數設計。碩士論文，中華大學機械與航太工程研究所。
[16] Nihat, O., David, G. & Bernardus, W. (1997). Effect of subway car design on vibration exposure. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 19, 377-385.
[17] Eckardt, J., Siegfried, F., Eberhard, C., Benno, G. & Paul, L. (2002). Whole-body vibration exposure study in US railroad locomotives-an ergonomic risk assessment. AIHA Journal, 63, 439-449.
[18] Eckardt, J., Paul, L., Siegfried, F., Eberhard, C., Benno, G. & Raymond, L. (2006). Whole-body vibration and ergonomic study of US railroad locomotives. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 298, 594-600.
[19] Muzammil. M., Siddiqui. S. S. & Hasan. F. (2004). Physiological effect of vibrations on tractor drivers under variable ploughing conditions. Journal of Occupational Health , 46, 403-409.
[20] Geraldine, S. N., Neil, J. M. & Luca, N. (2006). Inter-cycle variation in whole-body vibration exposures of operators driving track-type loader machines. Journal of Sound and Vibration , 298.
[21] Goglia, V. & Grbac, I. (2005). Whole-body vibration transmitted to the frame saw operator. Applied Ergonomics, 36, 43-48.
[22] 陳威銓(2008)。機車騎士之全身性振動暴露。碩士論文，朝陽科技大學工業工程與管理系。
[23] 戴志偉 (2003)。電動機車坐墊軟硬度對於騎乘舒適性之探討。碩士論文，大同大學工業設計研究所。
[24] 葉哲維 (2001)。應用灰關聯分析方法於嬰幼兒汽車安全之舒適度探討與評價模式建立。碩士論文，成功大學工業設計研究所。
[25] 余慶雲 (2003)。載具上人體於垂向運動之生物動態響應。碩士論文，大葉大學車輛工程學系碩士班。
[26] 簡汶彬 (2006)。小型汽車方向盤之操控性研究。碩士論文，大同大學工業設計研究所。
[27] 張羽寬 (2007)。以腦波分析進行小客車乘坐舒適性評價手法之開發。第十二屆車輛工程學術研討會，屏東縣。
[28] 陳坤村 (2007)。車輛零組件路況模擬系統之開發研究。碩士論文，中央大學機械工程研究所。
[29] 林昆鋒 (2000)。多軸動態負荷模擬。碩士論文，海洋大學系統工程造船學系。
[30] 賴勁光 (2009)。沙灘車路況模擬系統之開發研究。碩士論文，中央大學機械工程研究所。
[31] Moog, W. C. (1949). A general summary report on the development of a family of electro-hydraulic servo valves for the bumblebee guidance system. CAL/CF-1371, Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Inc.
[32] Betz, E. R. (1967). Studying structural dynamics with the cadillac road simulator. SAE, 660101.
[33] Barrowcliff, B. K. & Ehlert, R. E. (1968). Full scaleroad simulated endurance test. SAE, 680148.
[34] Cripe, R. A. (1972). Making a road simulator simulate. SAE, 720095.
[35] Dodds, C. J. (1974). The laboratory simulation of vehicle service stress. ASME J. Eng. Ind, 96, 391–398 .
[36] Borgman, L. E. (1969). Ocean wave simulation for engineer design. J. waterways and harbours. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 557-583.
[37] Cryer, B. W., Nawrocki, P. E. & Lund, R. A. (1976). A road simulation system for heavy duty vehicles. SAE, 760361.
[38] Dodds, C. J. (1977). A computer system for multi-channel remote parameter control of a tests pecimen. MTS publication.
[39] Harris, F. J. (1978). On the use of windows for harmonic analysis with the discrete fourier transform. Proceeding IEEE, 66(1), 51-83.
[40] Petersen, J. & Weissberger, G. (1982). The conception description and application of a new vehicle endurance test system at AUDI NSU. SAE, 820094.
[41] Massaglia, F. & Vaschetto, L. (1982). Metodi di sperimentazione delle strutture di carrozzeria. ATA Ing. Automotic, 35.
[42] Shibata, T. (1984). Laboratory system endurance testing of automobile major car components. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 5, 374-388.
[43] Ravindra, V. K. & Sharad, D. P. (1997). Road load simulation of two wheeler by simple technique on two poster. SAE 972089.
[44] Lund, R. E. & Donaldson, K. H. (1982). Approach to vehicle dynamics and durability testing. SAE 820092.
[45] Rossetto, E. & Rossi, C. (1979). Nuove tecniche disperimentazione delle strutture dell’autoveicolo. VII Convegno Nazionale A.I.A.S.
[46] chen, Y.L. (2000). Accuracy and repeatability of the stick marker technique for external measurement of the sacral angle during trunk flexion. International journal of industrial ergonomics. 26,101-107.
[47] Okunribido. (2008). The role of whole body vibration, posture and manual materials handling as risk factors for low back pain in occupational drivers. International journal of industrial ergonomics. 51,308-329.
[48] Colin M. Crawford, BAppSc(Chiro), and Robert F. Hannan, MB, BS. (1999). Management of Acute Lumbar Disk Herniation Initially Presenting as Mechanical Low Back Pain. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 22,235-244.
[49] MORRISON, J.B., ROBINSON, D.G., NICOL, J.J., RODDAN, G., MARTIN, S.H., SPRINGER, M.J.-N., CAMERON,B.J. and ALBANO, J.P.(1999) A biomechanical approach to evaluating the health effects of repeated mechanical shocks. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Medicine Panel, RTO-MP-20. Publishedby NATO Research and Technology Organisation, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
[50] 張銘坤，盧士一(2008)。全身振動暴露評估之回顧。勞工安全衛生研究季刊。第16卷第2期，第152-163頁。
[51] Maeda S, M Morioka (1998). Measurement of whole-body vibration exposure from garbage trucks. Journal of Sound and Vibration；215：959-64.

指導教授

黃俊仁(Jiun-ren Hwang)

審核日期

2011-8-24

推文