微致冷器之致冷特性數值模擬分析

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陳瑞霆(Jui-Ting Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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能源工程研究所

論文名稱

微致冷器之致冷特性數值模擬分析
(Numerical Analysis of Cooling Characteristics of Microcoolers)

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摘要(中)

隨著電子產業的興盛，高運算量的積體電路需求逐漸增加，在增加積體電路的高運算量時，也同時造成電路的熱管理問題。對於解決此晶片熱集中的問題，熱電致冷器即是一種非常有潛力的解決辦法，其中又以微型致冷器可能可與積體電路製作於同一封裝內，而更受矚目。本文鑒於目前文獻中對微致冷器研究的探討不足，例如微致冷器使用熱電偶時的量測誤差，或基底效應及幾何效應衍生的現象都沒有加以說明，因此在本文對微型致冷器進行系列模擬分析。
本文首先對於微型致冷器模型中可能造成量測差異的問題進行分析，於此處定義了熱端電極之尺寸及位置，其可使量測差異降至0.3%之下。另外得知使用熱電偶進行微致冷器溫度的量測會造成一定的誤差，量測到的致冷溫差會較小。
之後進行微致冷器致冷效率的模擬，於此處得知對於微型致冷器而言，尺寸過小而不足以使其發揮理論之致冷效能，也因為如此進而造成，對於同一熱電優值，降低熱傳導係數比提昇電傳導係數更有幫助。另外，並對微致冷器面積上升，致冷溫差下降的因素作解釋。對於微致冷器之非等向的熱傳導係數是否影響致冷也進行了討論。
最後進行微致冷器於晶片散熱的分析，模擬結果顯示，對於微致冷器而言，面積小則有較大的單位面積汲熱量，但考慮到晶片面積可容納之致冷器數量及致冷器間距，則是以大面積的致冷器可帶走的總熱較多，因此對於散熱而言，必須視散熱對象為熱點散熱或是整體晶片散熱，而對微致冷器面積尺寸作不同之選擇。

摘要(英)

With the rapid development of integrated circuit, thermal management has been a more important issue. Thermoelectric coolers (TEC) are important research area to solve this problem. For TEC, microcoolers has gained attention recently because of its potential high cooling power.
When review many of research documents, we found there has few analysis for microcoolers characteristics. Such as using thermocouple measure cooling temperature will has some error, and substrate or geometry may cause effect. This paper use 3D thermoelectric simulation to analyze the performance of microcoolers.
At first, we analyze the model of microcoolers. We defined size and location for the hot side electrode. Later, we simulate using thermocouple to measure cooling temperature and confirm there will cause some error.
Then we analyze performance of microcoolers. In this simulation, we found decrease thermal conductivity is better than increase electoral conductivity for the some thermoelectric figure of merit. On the other hand, we explain why increase microcoolers area, cooling temperature will be decrease.
Final, we simulate microcoolers using on chip. Numerical analysis indicated that the small area cooler has better cooling power densities. But consider total area of chip, larger area cooler may have better total cooling power. Therefore, we have different size choice for hot spot cooling or total chip cooling.

關鍵字(中)

★ 數值模擬
★ 微致冷器
★ 熱電

關鍵字(英)

★ thermoelectric simulation
★ thermoelectric
★ microcooler

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XIV
符號表 XV
第一章緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 熱電致冷器簡介 3
1.3 研究動機 8
1.4 論文組織架構 9
第二章理論基礎與文獻回顧 11
2.1 熱電效應 11
2.1.1 席貝克效應 (Seebeck effect) 11
2.1.2 帕爾帖效應 (Peltier effect) 12
2.1.3 湯姆森效應 (Thomson effect) 13
2.1.4 開爾文關係式 (Kelivn relations) 14
2.2 熱離子致冷效應 (thermionic cooling) 14
2.3 熱電效能理論 16
2.3.1 熱電優值(Thermoelectric Figure of Merit) 16
2.3.2 致冷效率理論 17
2.4 半導體熱電材料摻雜效應 18
2.5 不同結構之熱電材料性質影響 20
2.6 文獻回顧 22
第三章研究方法及實驗設計 29
3.1 研究流程架構 29
3.2 模擬方法 30
3.2.1 有限元素分析法 30
3.2.2 熱電統御方程式 31
3.2.3 模擬外型及參數 33
3.2.4 網格測試 35
第四章結果與討論 37
4.1 文獻對照與簡化方法 37
4.1.1 文獻模擬對照 37
4.1.2 模型簡化方法 40
4.1.3 三維模型與二維模型分析比較 44
4.2 量測影響模擬分析 47
4.2.1 熱端電極影響 47
4.2.2 外界熱對流及熱電偶影響 51
4.3 熱電致冷器性能模擬 52
4.3.1 熱電優值對致冷溫度之影響 52
4.3.2 基底熱電效應對致冷之影響分析 56
4.3.3 面積對致冷之影響 61
4.3.4 微致冷器之非等向熱傳導影響 71
4.4 應用模型探討 72
4.4.1 SOI WAFER上之致冷器模擬 72
4.4.2 致冷器串聯模擬 74
4.4.3 致冷器並聯模擬 76
第五章結論與未來工作 82
參考文獻 84

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指導教授

洪銘聰(Ming-Tsung Hung)

審核日期

2011-10-11

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