應用陸面過程模式模擬蓮華池試驗集水區地表通量

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姓名

吳秉諭(Bing-yu Wu) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

水文與海洋科學研究所

論文名稱

應用陸面過程模式模擬蓮華池試驗集水區地表通量
(Simulations of Land Surface Fluxes of the Lien-Hua-Chih Experimental Watershed with Land Process Models)

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摘要(中)

本研究之主要目的在應用陸面過程模式模擬蓮華池詴驗集水區地表通量，並與渦流相關系統所觀測到的地表通量進行比較，增加對該集水區陸氣交互作用之了解。本研究選用兩個近年來常被廣泛使用的模式，SSiB模式和BATS模式，其主要框架為一層植被層以及三層土壤層的大葉模式(Big leaf)，設定所模擬地區的地表覆蓋情形以及氣候參數，計算植被、大氣、土壤之間各層的交換量。模式之間的差異主要是各層之間的阻抗係數(resistance)使用不同的方程式來參數化各層的物理現象，使溫度及水汽壓力的垂直傳遞產生變化。本研究模擬期間為2008-2010三年的通量資料進行探討，並針對模式參數進行敏感度分析。研究結果說明按各月份之通量進行效率評估，SSiB模式推估三年月平均的潛熱通量皆更0.8左右之相關性，偏離誤差約為0.65倍之標準差，其各月誤差比BATS模式0.73倍之標準差來的小。參數中主要以大氣及植被因子較為敏感，而環境土壤參數的改變對地表潛熱及可感熱影響較前兩者來的小。

摘要(英)

In this study, the water and energy exchanges between land surface and atmosphere were simulated by BATS and SSiB for a subtropical mixed evergreen forest (the Lien–Hua-Chih site) with continuous measurements of hydrological and micrometeorological variables, and eddy covariance fluxes. Both of them are typical land surface models frequently used by atmospheric research communities to study land surface processes. They have three soil layers, and a bulk canopy layer (Big Leaf Assumption) is parameterized to control the water flux from the root zone to the atmosphere by a stomatal conductance model limited by soil moisture and micrometeorological factors. Both models are capable of simulating water and energy exchanges between land surface and atmosphere. The difference between two models is the resistance in each layer. They use different equations to parameterizations of physical phenomena. Sensitivity analyses of land process models will be performed to determine dominant parameters. Applicability of land process models for the Lien–Hua-Chih site will be further investigated. Through three years of systematic studies.
The results from two models show that the Correlation coefficients of three years mean latent heat fluxes are about 0.8. The centered pattern root mean square errors of three years mean latent heat fluxes are about 0.57 in SSiB model. The error is small than the BATS model in each month. The main parameters of the atmosphere and canopy factors are more sensitive than soil factors on the land surface process.

關鍵字(中)

★ SSiB模式
★ BATS模式
★ 渦流相關
★ 蒸發潛熱

關鍵字(英)

★ SSiB Model
★ Latent Heat of Vaporization
★ BATS Model
★ Eddy Covariance

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
第一章緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究目的與動機 1
1.3 本文架構 2
第二章文獻回顧 4
2.1 陸面過程模式的發展 4
2.1 渦流相關法之介紹 8
2.3 渦流相關法之應用 9
第三章研究區域與方法 11
3.1 研究區域 11
3.1.1 土壤與植被特性概況 12
3.1.2 觀測資料與儀器 13
3.1.3 地表能量平衡方程式 14
3.1.4 可感熱與潛熱 14
3.1.5 土壤熱通量 16
3.1.6 淨輻射 16
3.2 模式介紹 17
3.2.1 BATS模式之介紹 17
3.2.2 BATS模式之應用 26
3.2.3 SSiB模式之介紹 27
3.2.4 SSiB模式之應用 34
3.2.5 模式阻抗之差異 34
第四章模擬結果 39
4.1 模式輸入條件及設定 39
4.1.1 微氣象資料與場地特性 39
4.1.2 植被特性 39
4.1.3 土壤特性 40
4.1.4 模式初始設定 40
4.2 參數檢定 41
4.3 效率評估 41
4.4 地表通量擬結果 44
第五章敏感度分析 64
5.1 大氣趨動因子的改變 64
5.2 地表植被覆蓋之變動 65
5.3 土壤的參數設定 66
第六章結論與建議 69
6.1 結論 69
6.2 建議 71
參考文獻 72
附錄A 78
附錄B 80
附錄C 81

參考文獻

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指導教授

李明旭(Ming-hsu Li)

審核日期

2011-7-21

推文