以批次與動態溶出探討飛灰中重金屬及戴奧辛之溶出特性

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陳信彧(Sin-yu Chen) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

以批次與動態溶出探討飛灰中重金屬及戴奧辛之溶出特性
(Leaching Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Dioxins from Fly Ash Using Batch and Dynamic Leaching Procedures)

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摘要(中)

垃圾焚化飛灰因含有高濃度之重金屬與戴奧辛，被歸類為毒性有害事業廢棄物。本研究以批次與動態溶出兩種方式，探討台灣地區都市垃圾焚化廠飛灰中重金屬與戴奧辛之溶出潛勢與對環境可能造成之影響，並藉由不同溶液探討不同環境介質對於飛灰中重金屬與戴奧辛溶出之影響。本研究並以飛灰穩定化試驗探求適合之螯合劑，進而增加飛灰穩定化之能力。批次溶出試驗結果顯示A廠飛灰在四種溶液（HAc、acid rain、humic acid、SDBS）中，Pb之溶出濃度分別為：21.6、19.3、16.7、16.0 mg/L，均超過法規標準（5 mg/L）；B廠飛灰只於醋酸溶液中，Pb、Cu及Cd之溶出濃度超過法規標準。而兩廠飛灰之PCDD/Fs溶出以高氯數物種為主（如HpCDD、OCDD等）；PCBs溶出則以3,3’,4,4’-TCB、2,3’,4,4’,5-PeCB與2,3,3’,4,4’-PeCB為主。動態溶出試驗結果顯示A廠飛灰在四種溶液中，重金屬之溶出濃度皆以Pb最高，其次依序為Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd。Cd在界面活性劑溶液中之溶出濃度最高，而Zn、Pb、Cu及Cr則在醋酸溶液中之溶出濃度最高。在PCDD/Fs方面，飛灰受醋酸溶液長時間（13天）流洗，導致其結構受破壞，而增加其PCDD/Fs之溶出濃度。在PCBs方面，則發現有其他PCB之物種溶出（與批次溶出之結果相比），如：3,3’,4,4’,5-PeCB、2,3,3’,4,4’,5-HxCB與2,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’-HpCB。飛灰穩定化試驗結果顯示以無機硫系（A廠）或磷酸鹽系（B廠）搭配水泥之重金屬穩定化效果較佳，而穩定化對降低戴奧辛之溶出有些許之助益。

摘要(英)

The MSWI fly ash which contains high concentrations of heavy metals and dioxins has been classified as hazardous waste. In this study, batch and dynamic leaching procedures were used to explore the leaching behaviors of heavy metals and dioxins in the fly ash generated from MSWI. Heavy metals and dioxins leached from different solutions are assessed, and different chelating agents are tested for higher stability of MSWI fly ash. The results of batch leaching procedure indicate that the leached Pb concentrations of the plant A were 21.6, 19.3, 16.7 and 16.0 mg/L for HAc, acid rain, humic acid and SDBS as solvents, respectively. These concentrations all exceeded the regulated standard (5 mg/L). The leached Pb, Cu and Cd concentrations of the plant B exceeded the regulated limit, but only occurred in HAc solution. Highly chlorinated PCDD/Fs were observed in the leachates of fly ash, accounting for more than 80% of PCDD/Fs. In addtion, 3,3’,4,4’-TCB, 2,3’,4,4’,5-PeCB and 2,3,3’,4,4’-PeCB were also observed in the leachates of the fly ash. The results of dynamic leaching procedure indicated that the leached Pb concentrations of the plant A was the highest, followed by Zn, Cu, and Cr, whereas Cd was the lowest. In the SDBS solution, the leached Cd concentrations was the highest. On the other hand, the leached Zn, Pb, Cu and Cr concentrations were the highest in HAc solution. The structures of fly ash were destroyrd due to the long-term washing (13 days) of fly ash were washed by HAc solution, resulting in the increase of PCDD/Fs concentrations leached from the fly ash. 3,3’,4,4’,5-PeCB, 2,3,3’,4,4’,5-HxCB and 2,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’-HpCB were also observed in the leachates of the fly ash, compared with the results of batch leaching. Adding inorganic sulfide (A plant) or phosphate (B plant) along with cement results in the best stabilization effect in treating the fly ash. We also found there was some stabilization effect for dioxins of fly ash.

關鍵字(中)

★ 戴奧辛
★ 溶出程序
★ 穩定化
★ 重金屬
★ 飛灰

關鍵字(英)

★ Stabilization
★ Leaching procedures
★ Dioxins
★ Fly ash
★ Heavy metals

論文目次

誌謝..................................................... II
摘要.....................................................III
Abstract..................................................IV
目錄.......................................................V
圖目錄..................................................VIII
表目錄.....................................................X
第一章前言................................................1
1.1 研究緣起...............................................1
1.2 研究目的與範疇.........................................2
第二章文獻回顧............................................3
2.1 飛灰來源及其基本特性...................................3
2.1.1 飛灰來源.............................................3
2.1.2 飛灰之物理特性.......................................3
2.1.3 飛灰之化學特性.......................................5
2.1.4 飛灰之溶出特性.......................................8
2.2 飛灰中之重金屬........................................11
2.2.1重金屬之來源.........................................11
2.2.2 重金屬之物化特性....................................12
2.2.3 焚化程序中重金屬之流佈..............................15
2.3. 飛灰中之戴奧辛.......................................17
2.3.1 戴奧辛類化合物之來源................................17
2.3.2戴奧辛類化合物之定義.................................18
2.3.3 戴奧辛類化合物之物化特性............................19
2.3.4 戴奧辛類化合物之毒性................................20
2.3.5 焚化程序中戴奧辛類化合物之形成機制..................23
2.4 飛灰處理方式..........................................24
2.5 廢棄物之溶出試驗......................................28
2.6 不同溶出方法應用於焚化灰渣之概況......................33
第三章研究方法與材料.....................................37
3.1 研究方法..............................................37
3.2 研究流程..............................................37
3.3實驗之材料、藥品與設備.................................38
3.3.1實驗材料.............................................38
3.3.2 實驗藥品............................................42
3.3.3 實驗設備............................................43
3.4飛灰基本性質分析方法...................................44
3.4.1 pH值................................................44
3.4.2 含水率..............................................45
3.4.3 元素分析............................................45
3.4.4 氯鹽分析............................................46
3.4.5 硫酸鹽分析..........................................47
3.4.6 重金屬總量分析......................................49
3.4.7 化學組成分析........................................49
3.5 試體之製作............................................50
3.6 溶出試驗..............................................50
3.7 穩定化試驗............................................54
3.8 戴奧辛及呋喃分析程序..................................55
3.9 多氯聯苯分析程序......................................65
第四章結果與討論.........................................75
4.1 飛灰基本特性探討......................................75
4.2 溶出試驗..............................................81
4.2.1 批次溶出探討........................................81
4.2.1.1重金屬溶出結果.....................................81
4.2.1.2 PCDD/Fs溶出結果...................................82
4.2.1.3 PCBs溶出結果......................................85
4.2.2 動態溶出探討........................................88
4.2.2.1 溶出液pH值........................................88
4.2.2.2 重金屬溶出結果....................................89
4.2.2.3 PCDD/Fs溶出結果...................................92
4.2.2.4 PCBs溶出結果......................................93
4.2.3 TCLP與CEN 14405不同溶出方式之比較（A廠飛灰為例）....95
4.4 穩定化試驗............................................99
第五章結論與建議........................................112
5.1 結論.................................................112
5.2 建議.................................................113
參考文獻.................................................114

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指導教授

張木彬(Moo-been Chang)

審核日期

2012-8-23

推文