從人因的觀點評估遊戲式學習

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黃霈仁(Pei-Ren Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

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網路學習科技研究所

論文名稱

從人因的觀點評估遊戲式學習
(Assessment of Game-based learning systems:A Human Factor Perspective)

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摘要(中)

近年來，遊戲式學習已經被廣泛地應用在教育領域上，並且也被視為一個有效的
教學方法，因為其擁有了許多傳統教學所沒有的優點。然而，先前的研究也指出
雖然遊戲式學習擁有了許多優勢，但是同樣也存在一些問題，例如遊戲式學習可
能會增加某些學生在學習時的認知負荷，所以並非所有學生都可以克服這些問題，
因此，遊戲式學習是否適合所有的學習者還是一個尚待研究的議題。有鑑於此，
本研究之目的乃係探討人因(Human factors)如何影響學生對於具有不同設計的
數位遊戲式學習環境所產生的反應，為了達到此目的，本研究進行了兩個子研究。
在研究一中，探討了人因(性別差異、先備知識及認知風格)如何影響學生一般的
遊戲偏好，而研究二則是著重在人因如何影響學生對於兩款具有不同設計特點的
教育遊戲的反應，兩款遊戲分別為Machinarium (機械迷城) 和CSI: Web
Adventures。本研究使用資料探勘技術來進行資料分析，以發現人因和學生對於
遊戲式學習的反應之間的關係。研究結果指出，人因確實在遊戲式學習中扮演了
影響學生反應的角色，例如，具有較高的遊戲經驗和遊戲頻率的學生會忽略遊戲
中所提供的文字提示，而具有較低的遊戲經驗和遊戲頻率的學生則會需要更多的
提示來幫助他們進行遊戲。於本篇論文的最後，也建立了一個圖形化的模型來總
結本研究的發現，此圖形化模型可以幫助遊戲設計者和教師根據每一個學生的特
質選擇適合的教育遊戲，以達到適性化學習的目標。

摘要(英)

In the past decades, game-based learning has been widely applied by educational institutes as an effective learning tool because it can provide many benefits to students’
learning. However, previous researches also indicated that game-based learning possesses some problems, such as the increase of learners’ cognitive overload. However, not all of learners can overcome these problems. Thus, whether game-based learning approach is suitable for all learners is inconclusive. In this vein, the research presented in this dissertation aims to examine how human factors affect learners’ responses to design features provided by game-based learning by conducting two empirical studies. Study One examines the influences of human factors (i.e., gender
differences, prior knowledge and cognitive styles) on learners’ preferences for general game design features while Study Two investigates how human factors influence
learners’ reactions to design features provided by two particular games, i.e. Machinarium and CSI: Web Adventures. A data mining approach was applied to explore the relationship between human-factors and learners’ reactions in this research. The results showed that human factors play an important role in the learners’ reactions to game-based leaning. In brief, males tended to play a game with a high
level of difficulties and ignored additional support provided by games while females showed an opposite preference. Moreover, learners with high levels of FPG and EPG attempted to ignore the text-based hints in games while learners with low levels of FPG and EPG need more hints to help them play the game. Finally, a framework was developed to summarize the findings of these two studies. The ramework can be applied to support designers and instructors to choose suitable design features for each learner based on his/her characteristics.

關鍵字(中)

★ 認知風格
★ 人因
★ 遊戲式學習
★ 先備知識
★ 性別差異

關鍵字(英)

★ cognitive styles
★ prior knowledge
★ game-based learning
★ human factors
★ gender differences

論文目次

中文摘要......................................................................................................................... i
Abstract ........................................................................................................................ iii
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................... v
List of Tables .............................................................................................................. viii
List of Figures ................................................................................................................ x
Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ...................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Research Questions .......................................................................................... 5
1.3 Aim and objectives ........................................................................................... 5
1.4 Research Process .............................................................................................. 6
1.5 Chapter outline ................................................................................................. 9
1.6 Summary ........................................................................................................ 10
Chapter 2 Literature Review ........................................................................................ 11
2.1 Game-based learning ..................................................................................... 11
2.2 Gender differences ......................................................................................... 14
2.3 Prior knowledge ............................................................................................. 16
2.4 Cognitive styles .............................................................................................. 18
2.5 Summary ........................................................................................................ 22
Chapter 3 Research Methodology ................................................................................ 23
3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 23
3.2 Methodological Approaches .......................................................................... 23
vi
3.3 Research Design............................................................................................. 25
3.4 Research Instruments ..................................................................................... 26
3.4.1 Study Preferences Questionnaire (SPQ) ............................................. 26
3.4.2 Questionnaires..................................................................................... 28
3.4.3 Selection of two game-based learning systems .................................. 28
3.5 Variables ......................................................................................................... 31
3.6 Samples .......................................................................................................... 33
3.7 Procedures ...................................................................................................... 35
3.8 Data Analyses................................................................................................. 35
3.9 Summary ........................................................................................................ 36
Chapter 4: Study One – A Macro Picture of the Effects of Human Factors ................ 38
4.1 Participants ..................................................................................................... 38
4.2 Questionnaire ................................................................................................. 38
4.3 Experimental Procedures ............................................................................... 39
4.4 Data Analysis ................................................................................................. 39
4.5. Results and Discussions ................................................................................ 39
4.5.1 Overview ............................................................................................. 39
4.5.2 Levels of difficulties ........................................................................... 45
4.5.3 The Use of Hints ................................................................................. 46
4.5.4 The Sense of achievement .................................................................. 47
4.5.5 The Presentation of Graphics .............................................................. 48
4.5.6 The Story of a Game ........................................................................... 49
4.5.7 The Music of a Game .......................................................................... 50
4.5.8 Game Genres ....................................................................................... 51
4.5.9 Game elements .................................................................................... 55
4.5.10 Expected Benefits ............................................................................. 59
vii
4.6 Summary ........................................................................................................ 62
Chapter 5: Study Two – A Micro View of the Effects of Human Factors ................ 66
5.1 Participants ..................................................................................................... 66
5.2 Research Instruments ..................................................................................... 66
5.2.1 Pre-test and post-test ........................................................................... 66
5.2.2 Questionnaire ...................................................................................... 67
5.3 Experimental Procedures ............................................................................... 67
5.4 Data Analysis ................................................................................................. 68
5.5 Results and Discussions ................................................................................. 68
5.5.1 The Machinarium

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指導教授

陳攸華(Sherry Y. Chen)

審核日期

2012-7-26

推文